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Chūnagon
was a counselor of the second rank in the Imperial court of Japan. The role dates from the 7th century. The role was eliminated from the Imperial hierarchy in 701, but it was re-established in 705. This advisory position remained a part of the Imperial court from the 8th century until the Meiji period in the 19th century.Nussbaum, "Chūnagon" at . This became a Taihō Code office in the early feudal Japanese government or ''daijō-kan''. In the ranks of the Imperial bureaucracy, the ''Chūnagon'' came between the ''Dainagon'' (major counselors) and the Shōnagon (minor counselors).Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). Imperial honors included the sometimes creation of a temporary or . The number of ''Chūnagon'' has varied, from three in 705 to four in 756. There were eight in 1015; and in later years, there were up to ten ''Chūnagon'' at one time. Chūnagon in context Any exercise of meaningful powers of court officials in the pre-Meiji period reached its nadir during the years of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Torikaebaya Monogatari
, translated into English as ''The Changelings'', is a Japanese tale from the late Heian period (794 to 1185) by an unknown author, or possibly more than one author. It is four volumes in length.Kubota (2007:255) It is the tale of two siblings whose mannerisms are those of the opposite sex, and their relationships in the Emperor's court. It has been adapted as a novel, two different manga series, and a Takarazuka Revue play. It was translated into English in 1983. The reception of the tale over time has depended on how the society sees sex and gender issues, with one reading of it being as a ribald erotic comedy, while another reading is as a serious attempt to discuss sex and gender issues through a Heian Buddhist understanding. Story The story tells of a Sadaijin (high-ranking courtier) who has two similar-looking children by different mothers, but their mannerisms are those of the opposite sex. The title, "Torikaebaya", literally means "If only I could exchange them!", a c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hamamatsu Chūnagon Monogatari
, also known as , is an eleventh-century Japanese ''monogatari'' that tells about a ''chūnagon'' who discovers his father has been reborn as a Chinese prince. He visits his reincarnated father in China and falls in love with the Hoyang Consort, consort to the Chinese Emperor and mother to his reborn father. It is told in six chapters, but the first has been lost to antiquity. The tale was written by a female author who employed several exotic locations in the work. The author considers the love between a parent and a child to be "deeper, lasting and more tender" than a romantic love between a man and a woman, which follows traditional virtues of filial piety. Plot ''Hamamatsu Chūnagon Monogatari'' is the tale of a ''chūnagon'' who lost his father when he was very young. His mother marries a widower with two daughters and he fell in love with the older daughter, Taishō no Kimi. The Chūnagon learns in a dream that his father has been reborn as the Third Prince of the Emperor o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tsutsumi Chūnagon Monogatari
is a post late-Heian period Japanese collection of short stories. Authorship With the exception of one story, the authorship is unknown. It is likely each story was written by different authors at various times and later collected together into a single text. ''Ōsaka Koenu Gonchūnagon'' is known to have been composed in 1055 by Lady Koshikibu. This is confirmed in volume 8 of which includes one of the poems from this story. In addition, poems from ''Hanazakura Oru Shōshō'', ''Hodohodo no Kesō'', ''Kaiawase'', and ''Haizumi'' are included in the 1271 ''Fūyō Wakashū'' indicating an upper bound for these stories. Tradition states that Fujiwara no Tameuji (1222–1286) and Fujiwara no Tamesuke (1263–1328) created copies of the manuscripts also indicating completion of the text by the 13th century. Contents The meaning of the title is unknown. There are two main theories: *A reflection of the various stories (''monogatari'') bound (''tsutsumi'') together into a single ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Daijō-kan
The , also known as the Great Council of State, was (i) (''Daijō-kan'') the highest organ of Japan's premodern Imperial government under the Ritsuryō legal system during and after the Nara period or (ii) (''Dajō-kan'') the highest organ of Japan's government briefly restored to power after the Meiji Restoration, which was replaced by the Cabinet of Japan, Cabinet. It was consolidated in the Taihō Code of 702. The Asuka Kiyomihara Code of 689 marks the initial appearance of this central administrative body composed of the three ministers—the ''Daijō-daijin'' (Chancellor), the ''Sadaijin'' (Minister of the Left) and the ''Udaijin'' (Minister of the Right).Hall, John Whitney ''et al.''. (1993) ''The Cambridge History of Japan'', p. 232./ref> The Imperial governing structure was headed by the ''Daijō-kan''. This council and its subsidiary ministries handled all secular administrative affairs of the country, while the ''Jingi-kan'' or Department of Worship, oversaw all matter ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shōnagon
was a counselor of the third rank in the Imperial court of Japan. The role dates to the 7th century. This advisory position remained a part of the Imperial court of Japan from the 8th century until the Meiji period in the 19th century.Nussbaum, "Shōnagon" at . This became a Taihō Code office in the early feudal Japanese government or ''daijō-kan''. In the ranks of the Imperial bureaucracy, the ''Shōnagon'' came between the ''Chūnagon'' (middle counselors) and the Sangi (associate counselors).Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). Typically, the office was held by three fifth-rank members of the kuge. These officials were responsible for reading ordinary reports and for making of Imperial travel arrangements. The ''Shōnagon'' are said to help the memories of the principal officers, to put seals to deeds, and carry communications to others within the ''daijō-kan.'' They are both military and civil. Shōnagon in context Any exercise of meaningful powers of court officials in the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Daijō-kan
The , also known as the Great Council of State, was (i) (''Daijō-kan'') the highest organ of Japan's premodern Imperial government under the Ritsuryō legal system during and after the Nara period or (ii) (''Dajō-kan'') the highest organ of Japan's government briefly restored to power after the Meiji Restoration, which was replaced by the Cabinet of Japan, Cabinet. It was consolidated in the Taihō Code of 702. The Asuka Kiyomihara Code of 689 marks the initial appearance of this central administrative body composed of the three ministers—the ''Daijō-daijin'' (Chancellor), the ''Sadaijin'' (Minister of the Left) and the ''Udaijin'' (Minister of the Right).Hall, John Whitney ''et al.''. (1993) ''The Cambridge History of Japan'', p. 232./ref> The Imperial governing structure was headed by the ''Daijō-kan''. This council and its subsidiary ministries handled all secular administrative affairs of the country, while the ''Jingi-kan'' or Department of Worship, oversaw all matter ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sangi (Japan)
was an associate counselor in the Imperial court of Japan from the 8th century until the Meiji period in the 19th century.Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005). "Sangi" in . This was a position in the ''daijō-kan'', or early feudal Japanese government. It was established in 702 by the Code of Taihō. In the ranks of the Imperial bureaucracy, the ''Sangi'' came between the ''Shōnagon'' (minor councillors) and those with more narrowly defined roles, such as the ''Sadaiben'' and ''Udaiben'' who were the administrators charged with oversight of the eight ministries of the government.Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). In an early review of the Imperial hierarchy, Julius Klaproth's 1834 supplement to ''Nihon Odai Ichiran'' conflated the hierarchical position with a functional role as the director of palace affairs. Prominent among those holding this office were three brothers: * Fujiwara no Fusasaki held the office of ''Sangi'' until he died in 737 ''(Tenpyō 9, 4th month'')Titsingh, * Fuji ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dainagon
was a counselor of the first rank in the Imperial court of Japan. The role dates from the 7th century. This advisory position remained a part of the Imperial court from the 8th century until the Meiji period in the 19th century.Nussbaum, "Dainagon" in . The post was created in 702 by the Taihō Code, and evolved out of the earlier post ''Oimonomōsu-tsukasa''. Holders of the office were of the Senior Third Rank. They assisted the Minister of the Left (the '' Sadaijin'') and the Minister of the Right (the ''Udaijin''). By the mid-17th century, the ''Dainagon'' counselor or state, was expected to work closely the '' Minister of the Center'' (the ''Naidaijin''), whose position ranked just below the ''Udaijin'' and the ''Sadaijin.'' This court position evolved to ensure that someone will be always prepared to replace or assist the main court officials if, for any reason, it should be impossible for one of the two senior counselors to devote himself to his duties and responsibiliti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kōkyū
is the section of a Japanese Imperial Palace called the where the Imperial Family and court ladies lived. Many cultured women gathered as wives of Emperors, and court ladies, as well as the maids for these women; court officials often visited these women for influence, literary charm, or romances. Significant contributions to the literature of Japan were created in the Kōkyū during this period: works such as '' The Tale of Genji'' by Murasaki Shikibu, ''The Pillow Book'' by Sei Shōnagon, and many anthologies of ''waka'' poems. Conflated definitions The term ''"Dairi"'' refers not only to the buildings in which the Japanese Imperial family resided; it also refers indirectly to the women of the Imperial family (the Kōkyū), to the Imperial court of Japan, or as an indirect (now archaic) way of referring to the Emperor himself. The names of the several gates in the walls surrounding the Imperial grounds refer not only to the specific wall-openings themselves; these names were ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ministry Of The Imperial Household (Ritsuryō)
The was a division of the eighth century Japanese government of the Imperial Court in Kyoto, instituted in the Asuka period and formalized during the Heian period. The Ministry was reorganized in the Meiji period and existed until 1947, before being replaced by the Imperial Household Agency. Overview The needs of the Imperial Household has changed over time. The ambit of the Ministry's activities encompassed, for example: * supervision and maintenance of rice fields for the supply to the imperial familyKawakami, citing Ito Hirobumi, ''Commentaries on the Japanese Constitution,'' p. 87 (1889). * oversight of the harvesting done on the Imperial domains * orchestrating the presentation to the Emperor of rare delicacies as gifts from his subjects * administration of the culinary and engineering departments of the court * regulation of breweries * oversight of the court ladies * oversight of court smiths * management of court servants * oversight of the Imperial wardrobe, etc. * at ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sesshō And Kampaku
In Japan, was a title given to a regent who was named to act on behalf of either a child Emperor before his coming of age, or an empress regnant. The was theoretically a sort of chief advisor for the Emperor, but was in practice the title of both first secretary and regent who assisted an adult Emperor. For much of the Heian period (794–1185), the and were the effective rulers of Japan, with little, if any, effective difference between the two titles, and several individuals merely changed titles as child Emperors grew to adulthood, or adult Emperors retired or died and were replaced by child Emperors. The two titles were collectively known as , and the families that exclusively held the titles were called ( family). After the Heian period, shogunates took over the power. Both and were styled as (or in historical pronunciation; translated as "(Imperial) Highness"), as were Imperial princes and princesses. A retired was called , which came to commonly refer to Toyot ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Meiji Period
The is an era of Japanese history that extended from October 23, 1868 to July 30, 1912. The Meiji era was the first half of the Empire of Japan, when the Japanese people moved from being an isolated feudal society at risk of colonization by Western powers to the new paradigm of a modern, industrialized nation state and emergent great power, influenced by Western scientific, technological, philosophical, political, legal, and aesthetic ideas. As a result of such wholesale adoption of radically different ideas, the changes to Japan were profound, and affected its social structure, internal politics, economy, military, and foreign relations. The period corresponded to the reign of Emperor Meiji. It was preceded by the Keiō era and was succeeded by the Taishō era, upon the accession of Emperor Taishō. The rapid modernization during the Meiji era was not without its opponents, as the rapid changes to society caused many disaffected traditionalists from the former samurai ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
