Mithridates or Mithradates (

Old Persian Old Persian is one of the two directly attested Old Iranian languages (the other being Avestan language, Avestan) and is the ancestor of Middle Persian (the language of Sasanian Empire). Like other Old Iranian languages, it was known to its native ...

𐎷𐎡𐎰𐎼𐎭𐎠𐎫 ''Miθradāta'') is the

Hellenistic In Classical antiquity, the Hellenistic period covers the time in Mediterranean history after Classical Greece, between the death of Alexander the Great in 323 BC and the emergence of the Roman Empire, as signified by the Battle of Actium in ...

form of an

Iranian Iranian may refer to: * Iran, a sovereign state * Iranian peoples, the speakers of the Iranian languages. The term Iranic peoples is also used for this term to distinguish the pan ethnic term from Iranian, used for the people of Iran * Iranian lan ...

theophoric name A theophoric name (from Greek: , ''theophoros'', literally "bearing or carrying a god") embeds the word equivalent of 'god' or God's name in a person's name, reflecting something about the character of the person so named in relation to that deit ...

, meaning "given by the

Mithra Mithra ( ae, ''Miθra'', peo, 𐎷𐎰𐎼 ''Miça'') commonly known as Mehr, is the Iranian deity of covenant, light, oath, justice and the sun. In addition to being the divinity of contracts, Mithra is also a judicial figure, an all-seeing ...

". Its Modern Persian form is

Mehrdad Mehrdād ( fa, مهرداد, ) is a common Persian male given name in Iran and other Persian speaking countries. The name is derived from '' Mehr'', an angelic Zoroastrian divinity ('' yazata'') of covenant, light, and oath. The Persian word '' ...

. It may refer to:

Rulers

*Of

Cius Cius (; grc-gre, Kίος or Κῖος ''Kios''), later renamed Prusias on the Sea (; la, Prusias ad Mare) after king Prusias I of Bithynia, was an ancient Greek city bordering the Propontis (now known as the Sea of Marmara), in Bithynia and i ...

(also known as Kios) **

Mithridates of Cius Mithridates (in Greek Mιθριδάτης; lived 4th century BCE), son of Ariobarzanes prince of Cius, is mentioned by Xenophon as having betrayed his father, and the same circumstance is alluded to by Aristotle. He may or may not be the same Mith ...

(d. 363 BC) **

Mithridates II of Cius Mithridates of Cius (in Greek Mιθριδάτης or Mιθραδάτης; lived c. 386–302 BCE, ruled 337–302 BCE) a Persian noble, succeeded his kinsman or father Ariobarzanes II in 337 BCE as ruler of the Greek town of Cius in Mysia ...

(''r.'' 337–302 BC) **Mithridates III of Cius (''r.'' c. 301 BC) (became Mithridates I of Pontus, for whom see below) *Of

Pontus Pontus or Pontos may refer to: * Short Latin name for the Pontus Euxinus, the Greek name for the Black Sea (aka the Euxine sea) * Pontus (mythology), a sea god in Greek mythology * Pontus (region), on the southern coast of the Black Sea, in modern ...

Mithridates I of Pontus Mithridates I Ctistes (in Greek Mιθριδάτης Kτίστης; reigned 281–266 BC), also known as Mithridates III of Cius, was a Persian nobleman and the founder (this is the meaning of the word ''Ctistes'', literally ''Builder'') of the Ki ...

(''r.'' c. 281–266 BC), originally Mithridates III of Cius and also called Mithridates I Ctistes, founder of the Kingdom of Pontus **

Mithridates II of Pontus Mithridates II (in Greek Mιθριδάτης; lived 3rd century BC), third king of Pontus and son of Ariobarzanes, whom he succeeded on the throne. Early life He was a minor when his father died, but the date of his accession cannot be determi ...

(''r.'' c. 250–220 BC) **

Mithridates III of Pontus Mithridates III ( el, Mιθριδάτης) was the fourth king of Pontus, son of Mithridates II of Pontus and Laodice. Mithridates had two sisters: Laodice III, the first wife of the Seleucid King Antiochus III the Great, and Laodice of Pontus ...

(''r.'' c. 220–185 BC) ** Mithridates IV of Pontus (''r.'' c. 170–150 BC), full name Mithridates Philopator Philadelphus **

Mithridates V Euergetes Mithridates or Mithradates V Euergetes ( grc-gre, Μιθριδάτης ὁ εὐεργέτης, which means "Mithridates the benefactor"; fl. 2nd century BC, r. 150–120 BC) was a prince and the seventh king of the wealthy Kingdom of Pontus. Mi ...

(''r.'' c. 150–120 BC) **

Mithridates VI Eupator Mithridates or Mithradates VI Eupator ( grc-gre, Μιθραδάτης; 135–63 BC) was ruler of the Kingdom of Pontus in northern Anatolia from 120 to 63 BC, and one of the Roman Republic's most formidable and determined opponents. He was an e ...

(''r.'' c. 120–63 BC), also known as Mithridates the Great, after whom the

Mithridatic Wars The Mithridatic Wars were three conflicts fought by Rome against the Kingdom of Pontus and its allies between 88 BC and 63 BC. They are named after Mithridates VI, the King of Pontus who initiated the hostilities after annexing the Roman provinc ...

, ''

Mithridate (Racine) ''Mithridate'' is a tragedy in five acts (with respectively 5, 6, 6, 7, and 5 scenes) in French alexandrine, alexandrine verse by Jean Racine. Background and history First performed on January 13, 1673 at the Hôtel de Bourgogne (theatre), Hotel ...

'', and several stage works are named *Of

Parthia Parthia ( peo, 𐎱𐎼𐎰𐎺 ''Parθava''; xpr, 𐭐𐭓𐭕𐭅 ''Parθaw''; pal, 𐭯𐭫𐭮𐭥𐭡𐭥 ''Pahlaw'') is a historical region located in northeastern Greater Iran. It was conquered and subjugated by the empire of the Med ...

Mithridates I of Parthia Mithridates I (also spelled Mithradates I or Mihrdad I; xpr, 𐭌𐭄𐭓𐭃𐭕 ''Mihrdāt''), also known as Mithridates I the Great, was king of the Parthian Empire from 165 BC to 132 BC. During his reign, Parthia was transformed from a small ...

(''r.'' 171–132 BC) also known as Mithridates I the Great **

Mithridates II of Parthia Mithridates II (also spelled Mithradates II or Mihrdad II; xpr, 𐭌𐭄𐭓𐭃𐭕 ''Mihrdāt'') was king of the Parthian Empire from 124 to 91 BC. Considered one of the most magnificent of his dynasty to ever rule Iran, he was known as Mithrida ...

(''r.'' 124–88 BC) also known as Mithridates the Great **

Mithridates III of Parthia Mithridates III ( xpr, 𐭌𐭄𐭓𐭃𐭕 ''Mihrdāt'') was king of the Parthian Empire from 87 to 80 BC. His existence is disputed in scholarship. Biography Mithridates' year of birth is not specified by ancient historians, but his coin mints ...

(''r.'' 87–80 BC) **

Mithridates IV of Parthia Mithridates IV (also spelled Mithradates IV; xpr, 𐭌𐭄𐭓𐭃𐭕 ''Mihrdāt'') was a Parthian king from to 57 to 54 BC. He was the son and successor of Phraates III (). Mithridates IV's reign was marked by a dynastic struggle with his youn ...

(''r.'' 57–54 BC) **

Meherdates Meherdates ( xpr, 𐭌𐭄𐭓𐭃𐭕 ''Mihrdāt'') was a Parthian prince who competed against Gotarzes II () for the Parthian crown from 49 to 51 AD. A son of Vonones I Vonones I ( ''Onōnēs'' on his coins) was an Arsacid prince, who ruled ...

of Parthia (''r.'' 49-51 AD) successor of

Vonones I Vonones I ( ''Onōnēs'' on his coins) was an Arsacid prince, who ruled as King of Kings of Parthian Empire from 8 to 12, and then subsequently as king of Armenia from 12 to 18. He was the eldest son of Phraates IV () and was sent to Rome as a h ...

*Of

Commagene Commagene ( grc-gre, Κομμαγηνή) was an ancient Greco-Iranian kingdom ruled by a Hellenized branch of the Iranian Orontid dynasty that had ruled over Armenia. The kingdom was located in and around the ancient city of Samosata, which ser ...

Mithridates I Callinicus Mithridates I Callinicus ( el, Μιθριδάτης ὀ Кαλλίνικος) was a king of Orontid Iranian; ; ; ; descent who lived during the late 2nd century BC and early 1st century BC. Mithridates was a prince, the son, and successor of King ...

(''r.'' 109–70 BC) **

Mithridates II of Commagene Mithridates II Antiochus Epiphanes Philorhomaeus Philhellen Monocrites ( el, , died 20 BC), also known as Mithridates II of Commagene, was a king of Commagene in the 1st century BC. Of Iranian; ; ; ; ; ; and Greek descent, he was one of the so ...

(''r.'' 38–20 BC), full name Mithridates II Antiochus Epiphanes Philorhomaeus Philhellen Monocrites **

Mithridates III of Commagene Mithridates III Antiochus Epiphanes ( el, , flourished 1st century BC) was a prince who served as a King of Commagene. Biography Mithridates III was the son and successor of King Mithridates II of Commagene. He was of Iranian; ; ; ; and Gree ...

(''r.'' 20–12 BC), full name Mithridates III Antiochus Epiphanes *Of

Media Atropatene Atropatene ( peo, Ātṛpātakāna; grc, Ἀτροπατηνή), also known as Media Atropatene, was an ancient Iranian kingdom established in by the Persian satrap Atropates. The kingdom, centered in present-day northern Iran, was ruled by A ...

Mithridates I of Media Atropatene Mithridates I of Media Atropatene, sometimes known as Mithridates I and Mithridates of Media (100 BC-66 BC) was a King of Media Atropatene. Although Mithridates I was a Median Prince, little is known on his lineage and his life. In or before 67 BC ...

(''r.'' 67–66 BC) *Of the

Bosporus The Bosporus Strait (; grc, Βόσπορος ; tr, İstanbul Boğazı 'Istanbul strait', colloquially ''Boğaz'') or Bosphorus Strait is a natural strait and an internationally significant waterway located in Istanbul in northwestern T ...

** Mithridates II of the Bosporus (''r.'' 47-46 BC), also known as Mithridates of Pergamon **

Tiberius Julius Mithridates Tiberius Julius Mithridates Philogermanicus Philopatris, ''Philopatris'' means "lover of his country" also known as Mithridates III of the Bosporus (fl. 41 AD, died 68 AD), was a Roman client king of the Bosporus. Ancestry Mithridates was t ...

, (''r.'' 39–44/45 AD, d. 68 AD), also known as Mithridates III of the Bosporus, 1st-century Roman client king *Of

Armenia Armenia (), , group=pron officially the Republic of Armenia,, is a landlocked country in the Armenian Highlands of Western Asia.The UNbr>classification of world regions places Armenia in Western Asia; the CIA World Factbook , , and ''Ox ...

Mithridates of Armenia Mithridates of Armenia ( ka, მითრიდატე; hy, Միհրդատ Իբերացի, fl. 1st century) was a Pharnavazid prince of the Kingdom of Iberia who served as a King of Armenia under the protection of the Roman Empire. Mithridat ...

(''r.'' 35–51 AD) *Of

Iberia The Iberian Peninsula (), ** * Aragonese and Occitan: ''Peninsula Iberica'' ** ** * french: Péninsule Ibérique * mwl, Península Eibérica * eu, Iberiar penintsula also known as Iberia, is a peninsula in southwestern Europe, defi ...

Mihrdat I of Iberia Mithridates or Mithradates (Old Persian 𐎷𐎡𐎰𐎼𐎭𐎠𐎫 ''Miθradāta'') is the Hellenistic form of an Iranian theophoric name, meaning "given by the Mithra". Its Modern Persian form is Mehrdad. It may refer to: Rulers *Of Cius (als ...

(''r.'' 58–106 AD) **

Mihrdat II of Iberia Mihrdat II ( ka, მირდატ II, Latinized as ''Mithridates''), of the Arsacid dynasty, was a king of Iberia (natively known as Kartli; ancient Georgia) from 249 to 265 AD. He is known exclusively from the medieval Georgian chronicles wh ...

(''r.'' 249–265 AD) **

Mihrdat III of Iberia Mihrdat III ( ka, მირდატ III, Latinized as ''Mithridates''), of the Chosroid Dynasty, was the king of Iberia (Kartli, eastern Georgia) from c. 365 to 380 ( diarch 370–378). Mihrdat succeeded his father, Varaz-Bakur known as Aspacur ...

(''r.'' c. 365–380 AD) ** Mihrdat IV of Iberia (''r.'' c. 409–411 AD) ** Mihrdat V of Iberia (''r.'' c. 435–447 AD)

Other people

Mithridates (Persian general) Mithridates or Mithradates ( el, Μιθριδάτης or Μιθραδάτης) was a Persian noble. His wife was the daughter of Darius III with the sister of Pharnaces, which made him the son-in-law of Darius. Arrian, 1.15.7, 16.3 Diodorus, 17.20 ...

(d. 334 BC), son-in-law of Darius III *Mitradates, according to Herodotus a Median herdsman, who was ordered to murder the future

Cyrus the Great Cyrus II of Persia (; peo, 𐎤𐎢𐎽𐎢𐏁 ), commonly known as Cyrus the Great, was the founder of the Achaemenid Empire, the first Persian empire. Schmitt Achaemenid dynasty (i. The clan and dynasty) Under his rule, the empire embraced ...

by his grandfather

Astyages Astyages (Median: ; Akkadian: ; Ancient Greek: grc, Αστυαγης, Astuagēs, , romanized: , , romanized: ; la, Astyages, , ; reigned 585–550 BC) was the last king of the Median Empire. The son of Cyaxares; he was dethroned in 550 BC by h ...

, but who secretly raised him with his wife Cyno until the age of ten, having passed off their own stillborn child as the murdered Cyrus. *

Mithridates Chrestus Mithridates Chrestus ( el, Μιθριδάτης ό Χρηστός; ''the Good'', flourished 2nd century BC, died 115 BC-113 BC) was a Prince and co-ruler of the Kingdom of Pontus. Chrestus was of Greek and Persian ancestry. He was the second son ...

, prince from the Kingdom of Pontus, brother of Mithridates VI of Pontus *

Flavius Mithridates Flavius Mithridates was an Italian Jewish humanist scholar, who flourished at Rome in the second half of the 15th century. He is said to be from Sicily, and was a Christian convert, known for preaching impressively if tendentiously. He also had a k ...

, 15th-century Italian Jewish translator

Other uses

Mithridate Mithridate, also known as mithridatium, mithridatum, or mithridaticum, is a semi-mythical remedy with as many as 65 ingredients, used as an antidote for poisoning, and said to have been created by Mithridates VI Eupator of Pontus in the 1st cent ...

, semi-mythical antidote named for Mithridates VI of Pontus *

Mithridatism Mithridatism is the practice of protecting oneself against a poison by gradually self-administering non-lethal amounts. The word is derived from Mithridates VI, the King of Pontus, who so feared being poisoned that he regularly ingested small dos ...

, the practice of taking repeated low doses of a poison with the intent of building immunity to it, attributed to Mithridates VI of Pontus * '' Epistula Mithridatis'', a letter allegedly written by Mithridates VI of Pontus (assigned to Sallust) * ''Mithridate'' (Racine), 1673 play by Jean Racine based on Mithridates VI of Pontus ** '' Mitridate Eupatore'', 1707 opera by Alessandro Scarlatti, based on Mithridates VI of Pontus ** ''

Mitridate (Porpora) ''Mitridate'' is an opera by Nicola Antonio Porpora to a libretto by Filippo Vanstriper premiered in Rome in 1730. Porpora and revived and revised the work for London (1736) with actor-manager and librettist Colley Cibber in direct competition with ...

'', 1730 opera by Porpora ** ''

Mitridate, re di Ponto ''Mitridate, re di Ponto'' ('' Mithridates, King of Pontus''), K. 87 (74a), is an opera seria in three acts by the young Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart. The libretto is by , after Giuseppe Parini's Italian translation of Jean Racine's play ''Mithridate ...

'', 1770 opera by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, based on Racine's play * ''Mithridates, de differentiis linguarum ..', a book with 22 translations of the Lord's Prayer collected by

Conrad Gessner Conrad Gessner (; la, Conradus Gesnerus 26 March 1516 – 13 December 1565) was a Swiss physician, naturalist, bibliographer, and philologist. Born into a poor family in Zürich, Switzerland, his father and teachers quickly realised his tale ...

. {{disambiguation, hndis