Mirza Abu Bakr Dughlat (also Ababakar or Abubekr; died shortly after AH Rajab 920 / Aug-Sept 1514; exact date uncertain; year 1516 indicated by some authors is wrong) was a ruler in South-Western part of present

Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region Xinjiang, SASM/GNC: ''Xinjang''; zh, c=, p=Xīnjiāng; formerly romanized as Sinkiang (, ), officially the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (XUAR), is an autonomous region of the People's Republic of China (PRC), located in the northwest ...

of China, an ''amir'' of the

Dughlat The Dughlat clan ( kk, Дулат, Dulat, lit=ruthless or fierce warrior; Mongolian: '' Dolood/sevens, Doloo/seven; Middle Mongolian: Doluga, Dolugad''; Dulğat; ) was a Mongol (later Turko-Mongol) clan that served the Chagatai khans as hereditary ...

tribe. In the middle of the fifteenth century, in 1465, he founded in Western

Kashgaria Kashgar ( ug, قەشقەر, Qeshqer) or Kashi ( zh, c=喀什) is an oasis city in the Tarim Basin region of Southern Xinjiang. It is one of the westernmost cities of China, near the border with Afghanistan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan and Pakistan. ...

a kingdom based at

Yarkand Yarkant County,, United States National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency also Shache County,, United States National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency also transliterated from Uyghur as Yakan County, is a county in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous ...

, a fragment of

Moghulistan Moghulistan (from fa, , ''Moghulestân'', mn, Моголистан), also called the Moghul Khanate or the Eastern Chagatai Khanate (), was a Mongol breakaway khanate of the Chagatai Khanate and a historical geographic area north of the Teng ...

. It included

Khotan Hotan (also known as Gosthana, Gaustana, Godana, Godaniya, Khotan, Hetian, Hotien) is a major oasis town in southwestern Xinjiang, an autonomous region in Western China. The city proper of Hotan broke off from the larger Hotan County to become ...

and

Kashgar Kashgar ( ug, قەشقەر, Qeshqer) or Kashi ( zh, c=喀什) is an oasis city in the Tarim Basin region of Southern Xinjiang. It is one of the westernmost cities of China, near the border with Afghanistan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan and Pakistan ...

; he took Kashgar in 1480. He was the son of

Saniz Mirza Saniz Mirza (died 1464/65) was the Dughlat amir of Yarkant County, Yarkand from 1457/58 until his death. He was the elder of two sons of Amir Sayyid Ali. Life Saniz Mirza succeeded his father upon his death in 1457 or 1458. Choosing to establish ...

, son of

Mir Sayyid Ali Mir Sayyid Ali (Tabriz, 1510 – 1572) was a Persian miniature painter who was a leading artist of Persian miniatures before working under the Mughal dynasty in India, where he became one of the artists responsible for developing the style of Mugh ...

, the latter was ''amir'' in Kashgar who regained control of the city by Dughlat dynasty, having expelled

Timurid Timurid refers to those descended from Timur (Tamerlane), a 14th-century conqueror: * Timurid dynasty, a dynasty of Turco-Mongol lineage descended from Timur who established empires in Central Asia and the Indian subcontinent ** Timurid Empire of C ...

local ruler in 1435. He successfully resisted the attacks of

Yunus Khan Yunus Khan (b. 1416 – d. 1487) ( ug, يونس خان}), was Khan of Moghulistan from 1462 until his death in 1487. He is identified by many historians with Ḥājjī `Ali (, Pinyin: ''Hazhi Ali'') ( ug, ھاجى علي}), of the contempor ...

, against whom he had rebelled in 1479–80.

Ahmad Alaq Ahmad Alaq ( ug, أحمد; died 1503) was the Khan of Eastern Moghulistan ( Uyghurstan) from 1487 to 1503. He was the second son of Yunus Khan. His mother was Shah Begum, fourth daughter of Badakhshan prince Lali. Ahmad Alaq was a direct male-l ...

, son of Yunus Khan, took Kashgar from him in 1499, but could not hold it. Subsequent to retaking Kashgar, Abu Bakr took his forces and successfully conquered number of neighboring areas, including modern day

Ladakh Ladakh () is a region administered by India as a union territory which constitutes a part of the larger Kashmir region and has been the subject of dispute between India, Pakistan, and China since 1947. (subscription required) Quote: "Jammu and ...

, Balur (around

Gilgit Gilgit (; Shina: ; ur, ) is the capital city of Gilgit–Baltistan, Pakistan. The city is located in a broad valley near the confluence of the Gilgit River and the Hunza River. It is a major tourist destination in Pakistan, serving as a h ...

Badakhshan Badakhshan is a historical region comprising parts of modern-day north-eastern Afghanistan, eastern Tajikistan, and Taxkorgan Tajik Autonomous County in China. Badakhshan Province is one of the 34 provinces of Afghanistan. Much of historic Ba ...

, and other fragments of Moghulistan. In 1514,

Sultan Said Khan Sultan Said Khan (; 1487–1533) ruled the Yarkent Khanate from September 1514 to July 1533. He was born in the late 15th century in Moghulistan, and he was a direct descendant of the first Moghul Khan, Tughlugh Timur, who had founded the state ...

took Kashgar from him. In danger of losing Yarkand and Khotan as well, he gave the government to his eldest son Jahangir Mirza, and attempted to flee to

René Grousset Biography Grousset was born in Aubais, Gard in 1885. Having graduated from the University of Montpellier with a degree in history, he began his distinguished career soon afterward. He served in the French army during World War I. In 1925, ...

, ''The Empire of the Steppes: A History of Central Asia'' (1970 translation), p. 497. He was intercepted and killed by pursuers sent by Sultan Said Khan north of Shahidulla.{{cite book, last=Bellew, first=Henry Walter, title=The history of Káshgharia, url=https://archive.org/details/HistoryOfKshgharia/page/n65, year=1875, page=62, quote= a'idtook possession of the city at end of Rajab 920H ... Ababakar fled before them from Khotan to Karangutagh. ... fled towards Tibet. ... He was intercepted, seized, and killed by a party of his many pursuers in the Karakash valley, where a mean tomb on the river bank, two stages from Shahidulla Khoja, now marks the site of his grave. His deeds are recorded in the ''

Tarikh-i-Rashidi Mirza Muhammad Haidar Dughlat Beg (Persian: میرزا محمد حیدر دولت بیگ c. 1499/1500 – 1551) was a Chagatai Turco-Mongol military general, governor of Kashmir, and a historical writer, He was a Turkic speaking Dughlat prince ...

'', which was written by his nephew,

Mirza Muhammad Haidar Mirza Muhammad Haidar Dughlat Beg (Persian: میرزا محمد حیدر دولت بیگ c. 1499/1500 – 1551) was a Chagatai Turco-Mongol military general, governor of Kashmir, and a historical writer, He was a Turkic speaking Dughlat prince w ...

Family

;Consorts Abu Bakr had two wives: *Husn Nigar Khanum, daughter of

Esen Buqa II Esen Buqa II (died 1462) was Khan of Moghulistan from 1429 until his death. He was the younger son of Uwais Khan. When Uwais Khan was killed in 1428 the Moghuls were thrown into a state of confusion. Some of them supported Esen Buqa, while oth ...

; *Khanzada Begum, daughter of Sultan Mahmud Mirza; ;Sons Abu Bakr had three sons; * Jahangir Mirza - with Husn Nigar Khanum; *Turangir Mirza - with Khanzada Begum; *Bustangir Mirza - with Khanzada Begum;

References

*Demetrius Charles Boulger, ''The Life of Yakoob Beg, Athalik Ghazi and Badaulet, Ameer of Kashgar'', pp. 34–6.

Notes

Dughlats 16th-century monarchs in Asia 1510s deaths