Minuscule 27 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering), ε 1023 ( Soden). It is a

Greek Greek may refer to: Greece Anything of, from, or related to Greece, a country in Southern Europe: *Greeks, an ethnic group. *Greek language, a branch of the Indo-European language family. **Proto-Greek language, the assumed last common ancestor ...

minuscule Letter case is the distinction between the letters that are in larger uppercase or capitals (or more formally ''majuscule'') and smaller lowercase (or more formally ''minuscule'') in the written representation of certain languages. The writing ...

manuscript A manuscript (abbreviated MS for singular and MSS for plural) was, traditionally, any document written by hand – or, once practical typewriters became available, typewritten – as opposed to mechanically printed or reproduced in ...

of the

New Testament The New Testament grc, Ἡ Καινὴ Διαθήκη, transl. ; la, Novum Testamentum. (NT) is the second division of the Christian biblical canon. It discusses the teachings and person of Jesus, as well as events in first-century Chri ...

, written on vellum. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 10th-century. It has liturgical books and marginalia.

Description

The codex contains a complete text of the four

Gospel Gospel originally meant the Christian message (" the gospel"), but in the 2nd century it came to be used also for the books in which the message was set out. In this sense a gospel can be defined as a loose-knit, episodic narrative of the words a ...

s, on 460 leaves (), though from John 18:3 the text is supplied. The text is written in one column per page, 19 lines per page. It is ornamented in gold and silver. The text is divided according to the (''chapters''), whose numerals are given at the margin, the (''titles of chapters'') at the top of the pages. There is also a division according to the Ammonian Sections (in Mark 241, the last section in 16:20), with references to the

Eusebian Canons Eusebian canons, Eusebian sections or Eusebian apparatus, also known as Ammonian sections, are the system of dividing the four Gospels used between late Antiquity and the Middle Ages. The divisions into chapters and verses used in modern texts d ...

(written below Ammonian Section numbers). It contains the tables of the (''tables of contents'') before each Gospel, pictures. Liturgical books with hagiographies ( Synaxarion and

Menologion Menologium (), also written menology, and menologe, is a service-book used in the Eastern Orthodox Church and those Eastern Catholic Churches which follow the Byzantine Rite. From its derivation from Greek , ''menológion'', from μήν ''m ...

) were added by a later hand. It was extensively altered by a later hand.

Text

The Greek text of the codex is a representative of the

Byzantine text-type In the textual criticism of the New Testament, the Byzantine text-type (also called Majority Text, Traditional Text, Ecclesiastical Text, Constantinopolitan Text, Antiocheian Text, or Syrian Text) is one of the main text types. It is the form fo ...

(the text-types are groups of different manuscripts which share specific or generally related readings, which then differ from each other group, and thus the conflicting readings can separate out the groups, which are then used to determine the original text as published; there are three main groups with names: Alexandrian,

Western Western may refer to: Places *Western, Nebraska, a village in the US *Western, New York, a town in the US *Western Creek, Tasmania, a locality in Australia *Western Junction, Tasmania, a locality in Australia *Western world, countries that id ...

, and

Byzantine The Byzantine Empire, also referred to as the Eastern Roman Empire or Byzantium, was the continuation of the Roman Empire primarily in its eastern provinces during Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages, when its capital city was Constantinopl ...

). Biblical scholar and textual critic Kurt Aland placed it in Category V according to his manuscript text classification system. It belongs to the textual Family 1424. According to the

Claremont Profile Method The Claremont Profile Method is a method for classifying ancient manuscripts of the Bible. It was elaborated by Ernest Cadman Colwell and his students. Professor Frederik Wisse attempted to establish an accurate and rapid procedure for the classi ...

it represents textual cluster M27 (as a core member). It creates cluster, to which belong the manuscripts: 71,

569 Year 569 ( DLXIX) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. The denomination 569 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the ...

692 __NOTOC__ Year 692 (Roman numerals, DCXCII) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. The denomination 692 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini ...

750 __NOTOC__ Year 750 ( DCCL) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. The denomination 750 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era ...

, 1170, 1222, 1413, 1415, 1458, 1626, 2715. In , it has an interesting reading that agrees with in omitting /''and the earth'', a reading reported by the early church fathers

Tertullian Tertullian (; la, Quintus Septimius Florens Tertullianus; 155 AD – 220 AD) was a prolific early Christian author from Carthage in the Roman province of Africa. He was the first Christian author to produce an extensive corpus of L ...

and Epiphanius as being that in

Marcion Marcion of Sinope (; grc, Μαρκίων ; ) was an early Christian theologian in early Christianity. Marcion preached that God had sent Jesus Christ who was an entirely new, alien god, distinct from the vengeful God of Israel who had created ...

's edit of Luke's Gospel. The omitted text was inserted in the right hand margin as a correction.

History

The codex is dated by the INTF to the 11th-century. The first collation was prepared by Larroque (along with the codices 28- 33), but it was very imperfect. The codex was examined and described by John Mill (Colb. 1),

Wettstein Wettstein is a Swiss surname. Bearers of the name include: * Carla Wettstein (born 1946), Swiss and Australian chess master *Fritz von Wettstein (1895–1945), Austrian botanist *Johann Jakob Wettstein (1693–1754), Swiss theologian * Johann Rudol ...

, Scholz (1794-1852), and Paulin Martin. Jean-Pierre-Paul Martin, ''Description technique des manuscrits grecs, relatif au Nouveau Testament, conservé dans les bibliothèques des Paris'' (Paris 1883), p. 40 C. R. Gregory saw the manuscript in 1885. The codex is currently housed at the Bibliothèque nationale de France (Gr. 115) at

Paris Paris () is the Capital city, capital and List of communes in France with over 20,000 inhabitants, most populous city of France, with an estimated population of 2,165,423 residents in 2019 in an area of more than 105 km² (41 sq mi), ma ...

References

External links

* R. Waltz
Minuscule 27
at the ''Encyclopaedia of Textual Criticism'' (2008)
Images from Microfilm of manuscript on the CSNTM website

Images of manuscript online at the Bibliothèque Nationale de France website.
{{DEFAULTSORT:Minuscule 0027 Greek New Testament minuscules 10th-century biblical manuscripts Bibliothèque nationale de France collections

Description

Text

History

See also

References

External links