Minuscule 110 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering of

New Testament The New Testament grc, Ἡ Καινὴ Διαθήκη, transl. ; la, Novum Testamentum. (NT) is the second division of the Christian biblical canon. It discusses the teachings and person of Jesus, as well as events in first-century Chri ...

manuscripts), α 204 (in the von Soden numbering of New Testament manuscripts), is a

Greek Greek may refer to: Greece Anything of, from, or related to Greece, a country in Southern Europe: *Greeks, an ethnic group. *Greek language, a branch of the Indo-European language family. **Proto-Greek language, the assumed last common ancestor ...

minuscule Letter case is the distinction between the letters that are in larger uppercase or capitals (or more formally ''majuscule'') and smaller lowercase (or more formally ''minuscule'') in the written representation of certain languages. The writing ...

manuscript of the New Testament on

parchment Parchment is a writing material made from specially prepared untanned skins of animals—primarily sheep, calves, and goats. It has been used as a writing medium for over two millennia. Vellum is a finer quality parchment made from the skins o ...

. Using the study of comparative writing styles (

palaeography Palaeography ( UK) or paleography ( US; ultimately from grc-gre, , ''palaiós'', "old", and , ''gráphein'', "to write") is the study of historic writing systems and the deciphering and dating of historical manuscripts, including the analysi ...

), it has been assigned to the 12th century. It has complex contents with full marginal notations. It was formerly labelled as 28, 34, or 8.

Description

The manuscript is a codex (precursor to the modern book) containing the near complete text of

Acts The Acts of the Apostles ( grc-koi, Πράξεις Ἀποστόλων, ''Práxeis Apostólōn''; la, Actūs Apostolōrum) is the fifth book of the New Testament; it tells of the founding of the Christian Church and the spread of its message ...

, the Catholic epistles, the Pauline epistles, and the

Book of Revelation The Book of Revelation is the final book of the New Testament (and consequently the final book of the Christian Bible). Its title is derived from the first word of the Koine Greek text: , meaning "unveiling" or "revelation". The Book of ...

on 292 parchment leaves (sized ). It has some

gaps Gaps is a member of the Montana group of Patience games, where the goal is to arrange all the cards in suit from Deuce (a Two card) to King. Other solitaire games in this family include Spaces, Addiction, Vacancies, Clown Solitaire, Paganini, ...

, namely Acts 1:1-20, and Revelation 6:14-8:1, and 22:19-21 (the last verses of Revelation). The text is written in one column per page, with 23 lines per page. The text is divided according to the chapters (known as / ''kephalaia''), whose numbers are given in the margin, with their titles (known as / ''titloi'') written at the top of the pages. It contains an

introduction Introduction, The Introduction, Intro, or The Intro may refer to: General use * Introduction (music), an opening section of a piece of music * Introduction (writing), a beginning section to a book, article or essay which states its purpose and g ...

to the Pauline Epistles, lectionary markings in the margin (for liturgical use), subscriptions at the end of each book, and the numbers of lines (known as / ''stichoi''). It has a commentary of Theophylact. The codex has survived in poor condition, and its text is often illegible.

Text

The text of the codex is considered to be a representative of the

Byzantine text-type In the textual criticism of the New Testament, the Byzantine text-type (also called Majority Text, Traditional Text, Ecclesiastical Text, Constantinopolitan Text, Antiocheian Text, or Syrian Text) is one of the main text types. It is the form fo ...

. The text-types are groups of different New Testament manuscripts which share specific or generally related readings, which then differ from each other group, and thus the conflicting readings can separate out the groups. These are then used to determine the original text as published; there are three main groups with names: Alexandrian,

Western Western may refer to: Places *Western, Nebraska, a village in the US *Western, New York, a town in the US *Western Creek, Tasmania, a locality in Australia *Western Junction, Tasmania, a locality in Australia *Western world, countries that id ...

, and

Byzantine The Byzantine Empire, also referred to as the Eastern Roman Empire or Byzantium, was the continuation of the Roman Empire primarily in its eastern provinces during Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages, when its capital city was Constantinopl ...

. Biblical scholar Kurt Aland placed it in Category V of his New Testament manuscript classification system. Category V manuscripts are those "with a purely or predominantly Byzantine text."

History

The manuscript was brought by clergyman and scientist

John Covel John Covel (2 April 1638 – 19 December 1722) was a clergyman and scientist who became Master of Christ's College, Cambridge and vice-chancellor of the University. Diplomacy Born at Horningsheath, Suffolk, the son of William Covel, John C ...

from

Mount Sinai Mount Sinai ( he , הר סיני ''Har Sinai''; Aramaic: ܛܘܪܐ ܕܣܝܢܝ ''Ṭūrāʾ Dsyny''), traditionally known as Jabal Musa ( ar, جَبَل مُوسَىٰ, translation: Mount Moses), is a mountain on the Sinai Peninsula of Egypt. It is ...

(

Egypt Egypt ( ar, مصر , ), officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, is a transcontinental country spanning the northeast corner of Africa and southwest corner of Asia via a land bridge formed by the Sinai Peninsula. It is bordered by the Medit ...

) to

England England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Wales to its west and Scotland to its north. The Irish Sea lies northwest and the Celtic Sea to the southwest. It is separated from continental Europe b ...

(along with

minuscule 65 Minuscule 65 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering), ε 135 ( von Soden), formerly known as ''Ussher 2'', is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment leaves. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 11th century.K. Aland, ...

). Covel marked it as codex 5, but afterwards gave it the name of ''the Sinai manuscript''. ; Former 110 In his numeration, textual critic

Johann Jakob Wettstein Johann Jakob Wettstein (also Wetstein; 5 March 1693 – 23 March 1754) was a Swiss theologian, best known as a New Testament critic. Biography Youth and study Johann Jakob Wettstein was born in Basel. Among his tutors in theology was Samuel Wer ...

gave the

siglum Scribal abbreviations or sigla ( singular: siglum) are abbreviations used by ancient and medieval scribes writing in various languages, including Latin, Greek, Old English and Old Norse. In modern manuscript editing (substantive and mechani ...

110 to '' Codex Ravianus'' (also called ''Berolinensis''), a transcription from the

Complutensian Polyglot The Complutensian Polyglot Bible is the name given to the first printed polyglot of the entire Bible. The edition was initiated and financed by Cardinal Francisco Jiménez de Cisneros (1436–1517) and published by Complutense University in Alc ...

(the earliest printed multi-languaged Bible) so slavish that it copies even typographical errors from that exemplar. It also includes some variant readings inserted from Stephanus's 1550 edition (an early critical edition of the New Testament). It once belonged to Christian Rave, a professor in

Uppsala Uppsala (, or all ending in , ; archaically spelled ''Upsala'') is the county seat of Uppsala County and the fourth-largest city in Sweden, after Stockholm, Gothenburg, and Malmö. It had 177,074 inhabitants in 2019. Located north of the c ...

(hence the name ''Codex Ravianus''). In 1908, Gregory removed Codex Ravianus from the list of Greek New Testament manuscripts. Codex Ravianus is now no longer listed, as it is only a facsimile of the Complutensis Polyglot. It is housed in the

Berlin State Library The Berlin State Library (german: Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin; officially abbreviated as ''SBB'', colloquially ''Stabi'') is a universal library in Berlin, Germany and a property of the Prussian Cultural Heritage Foundation. It is one of the ...

. ; Current History Minuscule 110 was examined by textual critic John Mill, and the text of Acts and Paul (but not the Catholic Epistles) was examined by textual critic

Samuel Thomas Bloomfield Samuel Thomas Bloomfield (19 January 1783 – 28 September 1869) was an English clergyman and Biblical textual critic. His ''Greek New Testament'' was widely used in England and the United States. Life His surname was also spelled Blomfield or Blu ...

. Biblical scholar Frederick H. A. Scrivener collated the text of Revelation. Biblical scholar Caspar René Gregory saw the manuscript in 1883. It was formerly labelled as 28, 34, or 8. Gregory assigned it the number 110 in his Liste, which is still used today. The manuscript is dated by the Institute for New Testament Textual Research (INTF) to the 12th century. It is currently housed at the

British Library The British Library is the national library of the United Kingdom and is one of the largest libraries in the world. It is estimated to contain between 170 and 200 million items from many countries. As a legal deposit library, the British ...

, (shelf number

Harley Harley may refer to: People * Harley (given name) * Harley (surname) Places * Harley, Ontario, a township in Canada * Harley, Brant County, Ontario, Canada * Harley, Shropshire, England * Harley, South Yorkshire, England * Harley Street, in L ...

MS 5778) in London, England.

References

External links

* R. Waltz
Minuscule 110
at the ''Encyclopedia of Textual Criticism''
Digital Images of Minuscule 110 online
at the

. {{DEFAULTSORT:Minuscule 0110 Greek New Testament minuscules 12th-century biblical manuscripts Harleian Collection

Description

Text

History

See also

References

Further reading

External links