The Ministry of Foreign Affairs ( Ottoman Turkish: ''Hariciye Nezâreti''; french: Ministère des Affaires Étrangères) was the department of the

Imperial Government The name imperial government (german: Reichsregiment) denotes two organs, created in 1500 and 1521, in the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation to enable a unified political leadership, with input from the Princes. Both were composed of the em ...

responsible for the

foreign relations A state's foreign policy or external policy (as opposed to internal or domestic policy) is its objectives and activities in relation to its interactions with other states, unions, and other political entities, whether bilaterally or through m ...

of the

Ottoman Empire The Ottoman Empire, * ; is an archaic version. The definite article forms and were synonymous * and el, Оθωμανική Αυτοκρατορία, Othōmanikē Avtokratoria, label=none * info page on book at Martin Luther University) ...

, from its establishment in 1836 to its abolition in 1922. Before 1836, foreign relations were managed by the ''

Reis ül-Küttab The ''Reis ül-Küttab'' ( ota, رئيس الكتاب), or ''Reis Efendi'' (), was a senior post in the administration of the Ottoman Empire. Translated as "chief of the scribes" or "head clerk", the holder of the post was originally the head of th ...

'', who was replaced by a Western-style ministry as part of the Tanzimat modernization reforms. The successor of the Ottoman Ministry of Foreign Affairs is the

Ministry of Foreign Affairs In many countries, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs is the government department responsible for the state's diplomacy, bilateral, and multilateral relations affairs as well as for providing support for a country's citizens who are abroad. The entit ...

of the

Turkish Republic Turkey ( tr, Türkiye ), officially the Republic of Türkiye ( tr, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti, links=no ), is a transcontinental country located mainly on the Anatolian Peninsula in Western Asia, with a small portion on the Balkan Peninsula in ...

. French was officially the working language of the ministry in the period after the

Crimean War The Crimean War, , was fought from October 1853 to February 1856 between Russia and an ultimately victorious alliance of the Ottoman Empire, France, the United Kingdom and Piedmont-Sardinia. Geopolitical causes of the war included the de ...

.''Turkish Yearbook of International Relations''. Ankara Üniversitesi Diş Munasebetler Enstitüsü, 2000. (head book says 2000/2 Special Issue of Turkish-American Relations. Issue 31, p
13
"''Chambre des Conseillers Légistes de la Porte'' as was their title in French, which had, after the Crimean War become the official working language of the Ottoman Foreign Ministry."

Organisation

It was headed by a minister representing the Réis

Effendi Effendi or effendy ( tr, efendi ; ota, افندی, efendi; originally from grc-x-medieval, αφέντης ) is a title of nobility meaning ''sir'', ''lord'' or ''master'', especially in the Ottoman Empire and the Caucasus''.'' The title it ...

and a six-member council with sub-secretary of state (mustéchar) leading it. Other major figures included the Grand Master of Ceremonies of the head of the Drogmanat of the Imperial

Divan A divan or diwan ( fa, دیوان, ''dīvān''; from Sumerian ''dub'', clay tablet) was a high government ministry in various Islamic states, or its chief official (see ''dewan''). Etymology The word, recorded in English since 1586, meanin ...

and the Grand Master of Ceremonies (Techrifati-Hardjié) directed by the Introducer of Ambassadors. Departments included: *Accounting (Direction de Comptabilité) *Chamber of Jurists (Bab-i-ali Istikharé Odassi, Chambre des Conseillers légistes) *Commercial Affairs (Tidjarié, Direction des Affaires Commerciales) *Consulates (Chehpendéri, Direction des Consulats) *Foreign Correspondence (Tahrirat-i-Hardjié, Direction de la Correspondance étrangère) *Foreign Press (Direction de la presse étrangère) *Litigation (Oumori-Houkoukié-i-Muhtélita, Direction du Contentieux) *Nationalities (Direction des Nationalités) *Personnel (Sigilli Ahwal, Direction du Personnel) *

Translation Translation is the communication of the Meaning (linguistic), meaning of a #Source and target languages, source-language text by means of an Dynamic and formal equivalence, equivalent #Source and target languages, target-language text. The ...

(Terdjumé, Direction de Traduction) *Turkish Correspondence (Mektoubi-Hardjié, Direction de la Correspondance turque)

List of ministers

* Akif Pasha (1836) * Ahmed Hulusi Pasha (1836-1837) *

Mustafa Reshid Pasha Mustafa ( ar, مصطفى , Muṣṭafā) is one of the names of Prophets and messengers in Islam, Prophet Muhammad, and the name means "chosen, selected, appointed, preferred", used as an Arabic language, Arabic given name and surname. Mustafa is ...

(1837-1838) *

Mehmed Nuri Efendi Mehmed (modern Turkish: Mehmet) is the most common Bosnian and Turkish form of the Arabic name Muhammad ( ar, محمد) (''Muhammed'' and ''Muhammet'' are also used, though considerably less) and gains its significance from being the name of Muh ...

(1838-1839) *

(1839-1841) *

Sadık Rıfat Pasha Sadık Rıfat Pasha (October 25, 1807 – February 11, 1857), was an Ottoman marshal, statesman and diplomat, who was twice Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire. Sadık Rifat Pasha's career was initially in line with the three statesmen of the Ta ...

(1841) *

Ibrahim Sarim Pasha İbrahim Sarim Pasha (1801–1853) was an Ottoman statesman A statesman or stateswoman typically is a politician who has had a long and respected political career at the national or international level. Statesman or Statesmen may also refer to ...

(1841-1843) *

(1843-1844) * Mehmed Shekib Efendi (1844) * Mehmed Emin Âli Pasha (1844-1845) *

(1845-1846) * Mehmed Emin Âli Pasha (1846-1848) *

(1848-1848) * Mehmed Emin Âli Pasha (1848-1852) *

Keçecizade Fuad Pasha Mehmed Fuad Pasha (1814 – February 12, 1869), sometimes known as Keçecizade Mehmed Fuad Pasha and commonly known as Fuad Pasha, was an Ottoman administrator and statesman, who is known for his prominent role in the Tanzimat reforms of the m ...

(1852-1853) *

(1853) *

(1853-1854) * Mehmed Emin Âli Pasha (1854) * Mehmed Esad Safvet Efendi (1854-1855) substitute minister *

(1855-1856) * Mehmed Emin Âli Pasha (1856) *

İbrahim Edhem Pasha Ibrahim Edhem Pasha (1819–1893) was an Ottoman statesman, who held the office of Grand Vizier in the beginning of Abdul Hamid II's reign between 5 February 1877 and 11 January 1878. He resigned from that post after the Ottoman chances on wi ...

(1856-1857) *

Ali Galib Pasha ʿAlī ibn Abī Ṭālib ( ar, عَلِيّ بْن أَبِي طَالِب; 600 – 661 CE) was the last of four Rightly Guided Caliphs to rule Islam (r. 656 – 661) immediately after the death of Muhammad, and he was the first Shia Imam. ...

(1857) * Mehmed Emin Âli Pasha (1857) *

(1857-1858) *

Mahmud Nedim Pasha Mahmud Nedim Pasha ( 1818 – 14 May 1883) was an Ottoman conservative statesman of ethnic Georgian background,Buṭrus Abū Mannah (2001), ''Studies on Islam and the Ottoman Empire in the 19th century, 1826-1876'', p. 163. Isis Press, wh ...

(1858-1860) substitute minister * Mehmed Esad Safvet Efendi (1860) substitute minister * Mehmed Emin Âli Pasha (1860-1861) *

(1861) * Mehmed Emin Âli Pasha (1861-1867) *

(1867-1869) *

Mehmed Esad Safvet Pasha Mehmed (modern Turkish: Mehmet) is the most common Bosnian and Turkish form of the Arabic name Muhammad ( ar, محمد) (''Muhammed'' and ''Muhammet'' are also used, though considerably less) and gains its significance from being the name of Muh ...

(1869) * Mehmed Emin Âli Pasha (1869-1871) * Server Pasha (1871-1872) * Mehmed Cemil Pasha (1872) *

Halil Şerif Pasha Halil Şerif Pasha, transliterated variously as Khalil Sherif Pasha ( sq, Halil Sherif Pasha, 20 June 1831 – 12 January 1879), was an Ottoman-Egyptian statesman, diplomat and art collector, who lived during the Tanzimat period. His colle ...

(1872-1873) * Mehmed Esad Saffet Pasha (1873) *

Mehmed Rashid Pasha Mehmed Râshid Pasha ( tr, Mehmed Râşid Paşa, ar, محمد راشد باشا, Muḥammad Rāshid Basha; 1824–15 June 1876) was an Ottoman Empire, Ottoman statesman who served as the ''wāli, vali'' (governor) of Syria Vilayet in 1866–1871 ...

(1873-1874) * Ahmed Arifi Pasha (1874) * Mehmed Esad Saffet Pasha (1874-1875) *

(1875-1876) * Mehmed Esad Saffet Pasha (1876-1877) * Ahmed Arifi Pasha (1877) * Server Pasha (1877-1878) * Mehmed Esad Saffet Pasha (1878) * Asım Mehmed Pasha (1878) *

Alexander Karatheodori Pasha Alexander Karatheodori Pasha ( el, Αλέξανδρος Καραθεοδωρής; 1833–1906) was an Ottoman Greek statesman and diplomat. He was involved in diplomatic affairs following the aftermath of the Russo-Turkish War of 1877–78. ...

(1878-1879) * Mehmed Esad Saffet Pasha (1879) * Sava Pasha (1879-1880) * Abidin Pasha (1880) * Asım Mehmed Pasha (1880-1881) *

Said Halim Pasha Mehmed Said Halim Pasha ( ota, سعيد حليم پاشا ; tr, Sait Halim Paşa; 18 or 28 January 1865 or 19 February 1864 – 6 December 1921) was an Ottoman statesman of Albanian originDanişmend (1971), p. 102 who served as Grand Vizier o ...

(1881-1882) * Asım Mehmed Pasha (1882) * Mehmed Esad Saffet Pasha (1882) * Ahmed Arifi Pasha (1882-1884) * Asım Mehmed Pasha (1884-1885) *

(1885-1896) * Turhan Pasha (1896-1899) *

(1899) * Ahmed Tevfik Pasha (1899-1909) - Published online 14 August 2012 - Content from notes section specifies the years he was active. * Mehmed Rifat Pasha (1909-1911) *

İbrahim Hakkı Pasha Ibrahim Hakki Pasha ( tr, İbrahim Hakkı Paşa 1862–1918) was an Ottoman statesman, who served as Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire between 1910 and 1911. He served as Ottoman ambassador to Germany and to the Kingdom of Italy. Hakki Pasha a ...

(1911) * Mustafa Asım Bey (1911-1912) *

Gabriel Noradunkyan Gabriel (Kapriel) Efendi Noradunkyan ( hy, Գաբրիել Նորատունկեան, tr, Gabriyel Noradunkyan Efendi; 6 November 1852 Constantinople - 1936 Paris) was an Ottoman Armenian statesman and bureaucrat. He served as the Minister of Trade ...

(1912-1913) *

(1913-1915) * Halil Bey (1915-1917) * Ahmed Nesimi Bey (1917-1918) * Mehmed Nabi Bey (1918) *

(1918-1919) * Yusuf Franko Pasha (1919) *

Damat Ferid Pasha Damat Mehmed Adil Ferid Pasha ( ota, محمد عادل فريد پاشا tr, Damat Ferit Paşa;‎ 1853 – 6 October 1923), known simply as Damat Ferid Pasha, was an Ottoman liberal statesman, who held the office of Grand Vizier, the ' ...

(1919) * Abdüllatif Safa Bey (1919) *

(1919-1920) * Abdüllatif Safa Bey (1920) *

(1920) * Abdüllatif Safa Bey (1920-1921) * Ahmed İzzet Pasha (1921-1922)

References

External links

* - The abstract states that this was a department of the Ottoman Foreign Ministry * {{authority control Foreign relations of the Ottoman Empire Ottoman Foreign Affairs 1836 establishments in the Ottoman Empire 1922 disestablishments in the Ottoman Empire

Organisation

List of ministers

See also

References

External links