. Mindelo is also the seat of the parish of Nossa Senhora da Luz, and the municipality of São Vicente. The city is home to 93% of the entire island's population. Mindelo is known for its colourful and animated carnival celebrations, with roots in
Portuguese traditions
Portuguese may refer to:
* anything of, from, or related to the country and nation of Portugal
** Portuguese cuisine, traditional foods
** Portuguese language, a Romance language
*** Portuguese dialects, variants of the Portuguese language
** Portu ...
Landing at Mindelo 270px, Landing of the liberal forces in Oporto on 8 July 1832
The landing at Mindelo was a landing of Portuguese Liberal forces near Mindelo (Vila do Conde) North of Porto on 8 July 1832, and turning point in the Liberal Wars (1828 - 1834).
T ...
, north of
Porto
Porto or Oporto () is the second-largest city in Portugal, the capital of the Porto District, and one of the Iberian Peninsula's major urban areas. Porto city proper, which is the entire municipality of Porto, is small compared to its metropol ...
. It became a coal deposit for ships of the
British East India Company
The East India Company (EIC) was an English, and later British, joint-stock company founded in 1600 and dissolved in 1874. It was formed to trade in the Indian Ocean region, initially with the East Indies (the Indian subcontinent and South ...
in 1838, followed by the
Royal Mail Steam Packet Company
The Royal Mail Steam Packet Company was a British shipping company founded in London in 1839 by a Scot, James MacQueen. The line's motto was ''Per Mare Ubique'' (everywhere by sea). After a troubled start, it became the largest shipping group ...
in 1850. The settlement became a town (''vila'') in 1858, and had 1,400 inhabitants then. It became a city (''cidade'') in 1879, and had 3,717 inhabitants then. In 1884 a submarine communications cable was laid between Europe, Africa, India and North America, making Mindelo an important communications centre for the British Empire.
From the beginning of the 20th century the port of Mindelo lost its importance for transatlantic navigation. Causes for this were the shift from coal to oil as fuel for ships, the rise of competing ports like Dakar and the Canary Islands and the lack of investment in port infrastructure. Between 1910 and 1940 there were several strikes in Mindelo, and on 7 June 1934 there were riots in the streets of Mindelo, caused by unemployment and poverty. One man was killed; several were injured.
Between 1940 and 1958 three prolonged periods of severe drought, combined with soil erosion and
overgrazing
Overgrazing occurs when plants are exposed to intensive grazing for extended periods of time, or without sufficient recovery periods. It can be caused by either livestock in poorly managed agricultural applications, game reserves, or nature res ...
, brought
famine in Cape Verde
The archipelago of Cape Verde has been struck by a series of drought-related famines between the 1580s and the 1950s. During these periods of drought and famine, tens of thousands of inhabitants died from starvation and diseases.
Background
The C ...
. In the whole archipelago, about 45,000 people died and 20,000 people emigrated. Mindelo attracted immigrants, notably from nearby Santo Antão, and continued to grow.
Mindelo was the cultural capital of the Portuguese-speaking world from November 2002 until November 2003. Mindelo is also considered the cultural capital of Cape Verde.
Geography
Mindelo is situated at the
Porto Grande Bay
Porto Grande Bay ( pt, Baía do Porto Grande), also Mindelo Bay, is a bay on the north coast of the island of São Vicente, Cape Verde. The main city of São Vicente, Mindelo, is situated at the bay. The Porto Grande Bay is a natural harbour. It ...
, a large natural harbour. The town is surrounded by low mountains: the
Monte Cara
Monte Cara is a mountain in western part of the island of São Vicente, Cape Verde. Its elevation is 490 m.Morro Branco headland to the west, and the
Monte Verde
Monte Verde is an archaeological site in the Llanquihue Province in southern Chile, located near Puerto Montt, Southern Chile, which has been dated to as early as 18,500 cal BP (16,500 BC). Previously, the widely accepted date for early occu ...
to the east. The town is crossed by the river
Ribeira de Julião
Ribeira de Julião is a seasonal stream in the central part of the island of São Vicente in Cape Verde.Cesária Évora Airport lies southwest of Mindelo, near the village São Pedro. Ferries for Santo Antão leave from the port.
Subdivisions
The city is divided into the following localities for statistical reasons:
*
Alto Miramar
Alto Miramar is a subdivision of the city of Mindelo
Mindelo is a port cityChã de Alecrim
Chã de Alecrim is a subdivision of the city of Mindelo
Mindelo is a port cityCity center/Morada
*Cruz João Evora
*Dji d'Sal
*Fernando Pó
*
Fonte Cónego
Fonte Cónego is a subdivision of the city of Mindelo in the island of São Vicente, Cape Verde. Its population was 236 at the 2010 census. It is situated directly east of the city centre. Adjacent neighborhoods include Alto Miramar to the nort ...
Ribeira Bote
Ribeira Bote is a subdivision of the city of Mindelo
Mindelo is a port citydesert climate
The desert climate or arid climate (in the Köppen climate classification ''BWh'' and ''BWk''), is a dry climate sub-type in which there is a severe excess of evaporation over precipitation. The typically bald, rocky, or sandy surfaces in desert ...
(
Köppen Köppen is a German surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Bernd Köppen (born 1951), German pianist and composer
* Carl Köppen (1833-1907), German military advisor in Meiji era Japan
* Edlef Köppen (1893–1939), German author and ...
: ''BWh''). The average annual temperature is . It is very dry with only around annual precipitation.
Economy
Its economy consists mainly of business, fishing, shipping, boating and more commonly tourism which developed more recently. Mindelo has several hotels, restaurants and tourist agencies.
Cityscape
The main streets of Mindelo are Avenida Marginal along the waterfront, and the perpendicular
Rua Libertadores de África
Rua Libertadores de África (Portuguese for "street of the Liberators of Africa") is one of the main streets in the city centre of Mindelo, Cape Verde It was formerly called Rua Lisboa ("Lisbon street").Paços do Concelho, built 1860–1873, the city hall of the municipality of São Vicente
* Palácio do Povo (People's Palace), the former ''Palácio do Governo'' (Government Palace), built in 1874, expanded in 1928-34
* Our Lady of the Light Cathedral, Catholic church built in 1862, seat of the
Roman Catholic Diocese of Mindelo
The Diocese of Mindelo ( la, Dioecesis Mindelensis) is a Latin Church ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Catholic Church in Cabo Verde. Its cathedral is Catedral Nossa Senhora da Luz in the episcopal see of Mindelo. The diocese is immedi ...
* Centro Nacional de Artesanato e Design, built as the house of Senator Vera Cruz at the end of the 19th century, now houses exhibitions from Cape Verdean craftsmen
* Fortim d'El Rei, a former fortress built in 1852
*Torre de Belém, on the waterfront, a 1918-1937 replica of the
Belém Tower
Belém Tower ( pt, Torre de Belém, links=no, ), officially the Tower of Saint Vincent ( pt, Torre de São Vicente, links=no) is a 16th-century fortification located in Lisbon that served as a point of embarkation and disembarkation for Portu ...
Ilhéu dos Pássaros
Ilhéu dos Pássaros is an uninhabited rocky islet in the bay of Mindelo, São Vicente Island, Cape Verde. It lies about west of the headland Ponta João Ribeiro, and northwest of Mindelo city centre. It lies between the Porto Grande Bay an ...
*Municipal market, built in 1878
*the former Customs House, now the Cultural Centre of Mindelo, built 1858-1860
*Former British Consulate, built in the 1870s
Statues
*Statue of
Diogo Afonso
Diogo Afonso ( fl. 15th century) was a Portuguese explorer.
Biography
He took part in several explorations in the northwest and west coast of Africa which were made by Prince Henry.
In 1444, he commanded a ship which had other explorers includ ...
on Mindelo Beach - after the explorer of the island
*Statue of
Baltasar Lopes da Silva
Baltasar Lopes da Silva ( Caleijão, São Nicolau, 23 April 1907 - Lisbon, Portugal, 28 May 1989) was a writer, poet and linguist from Cape Verde, who wrote in both Portuguese and Cape Verdean Creole. With Manuel Lopes and Jorge Barbosa, he w ...
- after one of the most famous writers of Cape Verde
International relations
Mindelo has been twinned with the following cities:
Twin towns – sister cities
*
Porto
Porto or Oporto () is the second-largest city in Portugal, the capital of the Porto District, and one of the Iberian Peninsula's major urban areas. Porto city proper, which is the entire municipality of Porto, is small compared to its metropol ...
, Norte, Portugal
*
Coimbra
Coimbra (, also , , or ) is a city and a municipality in Portugal. The population of the municipality at the 2011 census was 143,397, in an area of .
The fourth-largest urban area in Portugal after Lisbon, Porto, and Braga, it is the largest cit ...
, Centro, Portugal
*
Kronach
Kronach ( East Franconian: ''Gronich'') is a town in Upper Franconia, Germany, located in the Frankenwald area. It is the capital of the district Kronach.
Kronach is the birthplace of Lucas Cranach the Elder and Maximilian von Welsch, as well ...
, Bavaria, Germany
*
New Bedford
New Bedford (Massachusett: ) is a city in Bristol County, Massachusetts. It is located on the Acushnet River in what is known as the South Coast region. Up through the 17th century, the area was the territory of the Wampanoag Native American pe ...
, United States
*
St Helena Bay
Saint Helena Bay ( af, St. Helenabaai) is a settlement in West Coast District Municipality in the Western Cape province of South Africa.
Nicknamed by locals as ''Agterbaai'',''St Helena Bay.'' CapeWestCoast.org. http://www.capewestcoast.org/reg ...
, Western Cape, South Africa
Education
*
University of Cape Verde
The University of Cape Verde ( pt, Universidade de Cabo Verde, abbreviated "Uni-CVV") is the only public university of Cape Verde. The main campus is in Palmarejo, Praia, but there are also institutes in Mindelo, Assomada and São Jorge dos Ór ...
, Faculty of Engineering and Maritime Sciences and School of Business and Governance
*
Jean Piaget University of Cape Verde
The Jean Piaget University of Cape Verde ( pt, Universidade Jean Piaget de Cabo Verde) is a private university in Cape Verde. The university is named after the famous Swiss child psychologist and philosopher Jean Piaget. The university was establi ...
- Mindelo campus
*
University of Mindelo
University of Mindelo ( pt, Universidade do Mindelo) is an institute of higher education in the city of Mindelo, island of São Vicente, Cape Verde
, national_anthem = ()
, official_languages = Portuguese
, national_langua ...
- Cape Verde's third university
*
Escola Jorge Barbosa
Liceu Velho is a building in the eastern part of the city centre of Mindelo, Cape Verde. It is situated on Praça Dr. Duarte Silva,Liceu Ludgero Lima
Liceu Ludgero Lima is a secondary school in Mindelo, Cape Verde. The school is named after Ludgero Lima, a former employee and fighter for Cape Verdean independence, who died in an aviation accident in March 1975.
* Abílio Duarte, independence a ...
- A high school
Demography
At the 2010 census, Mindelo had 70,468 inhabitants. It is the second largest city in Cape Verde after Praia.
Sporting teams
Mindelo has several sports teams that includes the city, Académica, Corinthians and Derby are clubs that includes the entire island.
*
Académica do Mindelo
Associação Académica do Mindelo ( Capeverdean Crioulo, ALUPEC or ALUPEK: ''Akadémika'', São Vicente Crioulo: ''Académica'' or ''Akadémika'') is a football club that had played in the Premier division and the São Vicente Island League in ...
– football, basketball, athletics
*
Batuque FC
Batuque Futebol Clube ( Capeverdean Crioulo, ALUPEC: ''Batuki Futibol Klubi'', São Vicente: ''Batúque Futebol Klube'') is a football club that plays in the São Vicente Premier Division in Cape Verde. It is based in the city of Mindelo on t ...
- football
*GS Castilho – football, cricket
*
FC Derby
Futebol Clube Derby (short form: FC Derby, second name: Derby São Vicente) is a football club that had played in the Premier division and the São Vicente Island League in Cape Verde and is Cape Verde's only affiliate of FC Porto and the old ...
– football
*
CS Mindelense
Clube Sportivo Mindelense ( Capeverdean Crioulo, ALUPEC or ALUPEK: ''KS Mindelensi'' (''KS'' – ''Klubi Sporting''), São Vicente Crioulo: ''KS Mindelense'' (''KS'' – ''Klube or Clube (CS)'') is a football club that plays in the P ...
– football, the oldest club in Cape Verde
The main football stadium is
Estádio Municipal Adérito Sena
Estádio Municipal Adérito Sena is a multi-use stadium in Mindelo, Cape Verde. It is currently used mostly for football matches and is the home stadium of FC Derby as well as CS Mindelense, Académica, GD Amarantes and Batuque FC and the ...
. Basketball, volleyball and futsal are played at Polivalente de Amarante in the southwest.
Notable people
* Bana – singer
* Bau – guitar and cavaquinho player
*
Yorgan de Castro
Yorgan De Castro (born December 19, 1987) is a Cape Verdean professional mixed martial artist who competes in the Heavyweight division of Professional Fighters League (PFL). He is most notable for fighting in the Ultimate Fighting Championship (U ...
-
mixed martial artist
Mixed martial arts (MMA), sometimes referred to as cage fighting, no holds barred (NHB), and ultimate fighting, and originally referred to as Vale Tudo is a full-contact combat sport based on striking, grappling and ground fighting, incorpo ...
who competes in the Heavyweight division of the
UFC
The Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC) is an American mixed martial arts (MMA) promotion company based in Las Vegas, Nevada. It is owned and operated by Zuffa, a wholly owned subsidiary of Endeavor Group Holdings. It is the largest MMA ...
* B. Leza (1905-1958) – writer, composer and singer
* Josimar Dias (born 1986) – footballer, also called Vozinha
*
Bela Duarte
Bela Duarte is an artist from Cape Verde, Born in the island of São Vicente and was studied decorative arts in Lisbon, Portugal. During the Portuguese Carnation Revolution in 1974, she returned to Cape Verde in Mindelo, together with Manu ...
– artist
*
Cesária Évora
Cesária Évora GCIH (; 27 August 194117 December 2011), more commonly known as Cize, was a Cape Verdean singer-songwriter. She received a Grammy Award in 2004 for her album ''Voz d'Amor''. Nicknamed the "Barefoot Diva" for performing without ...
(1941-2011) – folk singer
*
Fantcha
Fantcha (born Francelina Durão Almeida on October 14, 1965) is a Cape Verdean singer.
Biography
Fantcha was born as Francelina Durão Almeida in chã De Alecrim on São Vicente Island, Cape Verde. She grew up singing in a musically rich ho ...
Corsino Fortes
Corsino António Fortes (14 February 1933 – 24 July 2015) was a Cape Verdean writer, poet and diplomat. He served as the first Ambassador of Cape Verde to Portugal from 1975 until 1981 following his country's independence.
Biography
Forte ...
Sergio Frusoni
Sergio Frusoni (August 10, 1901 – May 29, 1975) was a poet and promoter of the Cape Verdean Creole language.
Biography
Sérgio was born in Mindelo on the island of São Vicente, the son of Italian immigrants Giuseppe Frusoni and Erminia Bonucc ...
(1901-1975) – poet
*
António Aurélio Gonçalves
António Aurélio Gonçalves, better known as Nhô Roque (25 September 1901 – 30 September 1984), was a Cape Verdean writer, critic, historian and professor.
Life
Gonçalves was born in the city of Mindelo, capital of the island of São Vicen ...
(1901-1984)– writer, critic, historian and professor
* Leão Lopes – community developer, documentary-maker, politician
* Manuel Lopes (1907–2005) – writer, one of the founders of ''
Claridade
''Claridade'' (Portuguese for "light") was a literary review inaugurated in 1936 in the city of Mindelo on the island of São Vicente, Cape Verde. It was part of a movement of cultural, social, and political emancipations of the Cape Verdean soc ...
''
*
João Cleofas Martins
João is the Portuguese equivalent of the given name John. The diminutive is Joãozinho and the feminine is Joana. It is widespread in Portuguese-speaking countries. Notable people with the name are enumerated in the sections below.
Kings
* ...
(born 1901) - photographer and humorist
*
Ovídio Martins
Ovídio de Sousa Martins (September 17, 1928 in Mindelo, São Vicente – April 29, 1999 in Lisbon, Portugal) was a famous Cape Verdean poet and journalist. He attended high school in his home country, he went to pursue studies in PortugalLo ...
(born 1928) - poet
*
Vasco Martins
Vasco Martins is a Cape Verdean musician and composer. Born in Queluz, Portugal, in 1956, he lives now in Calhau, Cape Verde.
Biography
Self-taught, he began his studies in 1974. He was a member of the band Colá in 1976, but then went to Por ...
Gualberto do Rosário
António Gualberto do Rosário () (born October 12, 1950) was Prime Minister of Cape Verde from 29 July 2000 to 1 February 2001. He was also the acting Prime Minister from July to October 2000 and Leader of the Movement for Democracy.
Political ...
(born 1950) – acting Prime Minister and later Prime Minister of Cape Verde
*
Onésimo Silveira
Onésimo Silveira (February 10, 1935 – April 29, 2021) was a Cape Verdean politician and writer.
Biography
As a young poet, Silveira was one of the most prominent critics of the literary elite in Cape Verde. He was associated with the views of ...
(1935–2021) – poet, diplomat and a political activist
*
Jenifer Solidade Jenifer Solidade Almeida (born 13 June 1984) is a singer from Cape Verde.
Jenifer Solidade Almeida was born on 13 June 1984, in the town of Mindelo on the island of São Vicente, Cape Verde.
Solidade started her career as a backing singer for oth ...
(born 1984) - singer
* Carlos Veiga (born 1949) – former
Prime Minister of Cape Verde
This article lists the prime ministers of Cape Verde, an island country in the Atlantic Ocean off the coast of West Africa, since the establishment of the office of prime minister in 1975. Pedro Pires was the first person to hold the office, ta ...
See also
*
History of Cape Verde
The recorded history of Cape Verde begins with the Portuguese discovery of the island in 1456. Possible early references to Cape Verde date back at least 2000 years.
Prehistory
Cape Verde's first seamount rose above the water about 20 mill ...
*
Economy of Cape Verde
The economy of Cape Verde is a service-oriented economy that is focused on commerce, trade, transport and public services. Cape Verde is a small archipelagic nation that lacks resources and has experienced severe droughts. Agriculture is made di ...