''Millingtonia hortensis'', the tree jasmine or Indian cork tree, is the sole species in the genus ''Millingtonia'', a tree native to

South Asia South Asia is the southern subregion of Asia, which is defined in both geographical Geography (from Greek: , ''geographia''. Combination of Greek words ‘Geo’ (The Earth) and ‘Graphien’ (to describe), literally "earth descr ...

and

South East Asia Southeast Asia, also spelled South East Asia and South-East Asia, and also known as Southeastern Asia, South-eastern Asia or SEA, is the geographical south-eastern region of Asia, consisting of the regions that are situated south of mainland ...

. In the name ''Millingtonia hortensis'', ''Millingtonia'' is named for

Sir Thomas Millington Sir Thomas Millington FRS (1628 in Newbury – 5 January 1703/04 in Gosfield), the son of Thomas Millington, was an English physician. Greatly respected in his day, he was eulogised by Samuel Garth under the name of ''Machaon'' in his poem "Th ...

who was an inspiration to

Carl Linnaeus the Younger Carl Linnaeus the Younger, Carolus Linnaeus the Younger, Carl von Linné den yngre ( Swedish; abbreviated Carl von Linné d. y.), or ''Linnaeus filius'' ( Latin for ''Linnaeus the son''; abbreviated L.fil. (outdated) or L.f. (modern) as a botan ...

who first described the genus. The specific epithet 'hortensia' derives from 'hortensis' and 'hortus' which in Latin is related to garden. In its synonym, ''Bignonia suberosa'', 'suberosa' derives from 'suberos' which means 'corky' in Latin. Millingtonia Avenue in

Lucknow Lucknow (, ) is the capital and the largest city of the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh and it is also the second largest urban agglomeration in Uttar Pradesh. Lucknow is the administrative headquarters of the eponymous district and division ...

is named after ''Millingtonia hortensis''.

Description

The tree grows to height of between 18 and 25 metres and has a spread of 7 to 11 metres. It reaches maturity between 6 and 8 years of age and lives for up to 40 years. It is a versatile tree which can grow in various soil types and climates with a preference for moist climates. Like Parijata it blooms in night and sheds during morning. Flowers give very pleasant smell.

Stem

The tree is evergreen and has an elongated pyramidal stem. The soft, yellowish-white wood is brittle and can break under strong gusts of wind.

Leaf

The leaf is

imparipinnate Pinnation (also called pennation) is the arrangement of feather-like or multi-divided features arising from both sides of a common axis. Pinnation occurs in biological morphology, in crystals, such as some forms of ice or metal crystals, and in ...

and resembles that of the

neem ''Azadirachta indica'', commonly known as neem, nimtree or Indian lilac, is a tree in the mahogany family Meliaceae. It is one of two species in the genus '' Azadirachta'', and is native to the Indian subcontinent and most of the countries in Afr ...

. Leaves are prone to attack by '' Acherontia styx'' and ''

Hyblaea puera ''Hyblaea puera'', the teak defoliator, is a moth and cryptic species complex native to South Asia and South-east Asia. It was first described by Pieter Cramer in 1777. The species has also been recently reported to be present in Central America ...

''.

Flower

The white flowers come as large

panicles A panicle is a much-branched inflorescence. (softcover ). Some authors distinguish it from a compound spike inflorescence, by requiring that the flowers (and fruit) be pedicellate (having a single stem per flower). The branches of a panicle are o ...

which emit a pleasant fragrance. They are bisexual and

zygomorphic Floral symmetry describes whether, and how, a flower, in particular its perianth, can be divided into two or more identical or mirror-image parts. Uncommonly, flowers may have no axis of symmetry at all, typically because their parts are spirall ...

. The bell-shaped sepals of the flower have five small lobes. The flower has four

stamens The stamen (plural ''stamina'' or ''stamens'') is the pollen-producing reproductive organ of a flower. Collectively the stamens form the androecium., p. 10 Morphology and terminology A stamen typically consists of a stalk called the filame ...

with parallel anthers unlike in most other plants of this family where the anthers are divergent. The corolla is a long tube with five lobes.

Fruit and seed

The fruit is a smooth flat capsule and is partitioned into two. It contains broad-winged seeds. The fruits are fed on by birds which aid in seed dispersal. In cultivation, the viability of seeds is low unless they are sown immediately after the fruit ripens, so the plant is generally propagated through cuttings.

Uses

The tree is considered ornamental and the pleasant fragrance of the flowers renders it ideal as a garden tree. The wood is also used as timber and the bark is used as an inferior substitute for cork. The leaves are also used as a cheap substitute for

tobacco Tobacco is the common name of several plants in the genus '' Nicotiana'' of the family Solanaceae, and the general term for any product prepared from the cured leaves of these plants. More than 70 species of tobacco are known, but the ...

cigarettes A cigarette is a narrow cylinder containing a combustible material, typically tobacco, that is rolled into thin paper for smoking. The cigarette is ignited at one end, causing it to smolder; the resulting smoke is orally inhaled via the opp ...

Views of different aspects

File:Millingtonia hortensis (Akash Neem) in Hyderabad, AP W IMG 1483.jpg, In

Hyderabad Hyderabad ( ; , ) is the capital and largest city of the Indian state of Telangana and the ''de jure'' capital of Andhra Pradesh. It occupies on the Deccan Plateau along the banks of the Musi River, in the northern part of Southern India ...

, India File:Millingtonia hortensis (Akash Neem) pod in Hyderabad W IMG 7057.jpg, In Hyderabad File:Millingtonia hortensis (Akash Neem) pod in Hyderabad W2 IMG 7056.jpg, In Hyderabad File:Millingtonia hortensis (Akash Neem) in Hyderabad, AP W IMG 1482.jpg, In Hyderabad File:Millingtonia hortensis (Akash Neem) in Hyderabad, AP W IMG 1481.jpg, In Hyderabad File:Millingtonia hortensis (Akash Neem) pod in Hyderabad W IMG 7056.jpg, In Hyderabad

References

{{Taxonbar , from1=Q16744557, from2=Q1549453 Bignoniaceae Bignoniaceae genera Monotypic Lamiales genera Trees of China Flora of tropical Asia