Military Technical Institute ( sr, Војнотехнички институт, Vojnotehnički institut; abbr. ) is a Serbian

weapons A weapon, arm or armament is any implement or device that can be used to deter, threaten, inflict physical damage, harm, or kill. Weapons are used to increase the efficacy and efficiency of activities such as hunting, crime, law enforcement, s ...

and

aircraft An aircraft is a vehicle that is able to fly by gaining support from the air. It counters the force of gravity by using either static lift or by using the dynamic lift of an airfoil, or in a few cases the downward thrust from jet engines ...

design institute, headquartered in

Belgrade Belgrade ( , ;, ; Names of European cities in different languages: B, names in other languages) is the Capital city, capital and List of cities in Serbia, largest city in Serbia. It is located at the confluence of the Sava and Danube rivers a ...

, and governed by the Serbian Ministry of Defence. It is a top-level military scientific research institution in Serbia, dealing with research and development (R&D) of new weaponry and military equipment as well as with upgrade of the inventory for both branches of the Serbian Armed Forces: Army (including River Flotilla) and Air Force and Defence.

Institute history

After the

World War II World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposin ...

Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia The Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, commonly referred to as SFR Yugoslavia or simply as Yugoslavia, was a country in Central and Southeast Europe. It emerged in 1945, following World War II, and lasted until 1992, with the breakup of Yugo ...

had a need to independently develop military technology and reduce dependence from foreign supply with given political situation of that time and future political course. By a decision of the Secretary of Defense and a proclamation by the Yugoslav president Josip Broz Tito, VTI was founded in 1948 as the Military Technical Institute of the Land Forces ( sr-Latn, Vojnotehnički institut Kopnene vojske; abbr. ) in Belgrade. In 1973, the VTI was integrated with several smaller military research and development institutes. In 1992 it assimilated the dissolved Aeronautical Technical Institute in

Žarkovo Žarkovo ( sr-cyr, Жарково, ) is an urban neighborhood of Belgrade, Serbia. It is located in Belgrade's municipality of Čukarica. Location and divisions Žarkovo (Greater Žarkovo) is one of the most populous single neighborhoods of ...

, and minor parts (located in Serbia) of the Nautical Institute ( sr-Latn, Brodarski institut) from Zagreb, supposedly as an effort to reduce developing cost and maintenance. Since 1992 the institute has changed name several times, reflecting the political changes in the country, starting with ''Technical Institute of the Yugoslav Armed Forces''. Current name is ''Military Technical Institute''. Neither the translation of the name to other languages nor the corresponding acronym have ever been unambiguously defined; both VTI and MTI have been used in English-language documents, against the widely accepted practice not to translate such acronymes.

Today

The institute has 22 laboratories, and it is situated on 212 acres (86 hectares), with 177,000 square meters laboratories and office space, mostly in Belgrade neighborhood of

, on the premises of the former Aeronautical Technical Institute. The institute obtained the certificates of compliance to the SRPS ISO 9001 and SRPS ISO/IEC 17025 standards.

Projects

The institute cooperates with

Serbian Armed Forces The Serbian Armed Forces ( sr, Војска Србије, Vojska Srbije) is the military of Serbia. The President of Serbia acts as commander-in-chief of the armed forces, while administration and defence policy is carried out by the Government o ...

(including its

Technical Testing Center Technical Testing Center ( sr, Технички опитни центар, Tehnički opitni centar) is acceptance testing facility that provides testing of new and existing military aircraft, military vehicles, military equipment, battle systems, ...

) and

Yugoimport SDPR Yugoimport–SDPR ( sr, Југоимпорт–СДПР, Jugoimport–SDPR) is a Serbian state-owned weapons manufacturer as well as intermediary company for the import and export of defense-related equipment. It is headquartered in Belgrade, w ...

in designing and testing new weapons systems. Military Technical Institute (with assimilated predecessor institutes) developed more than 1,300 weapons. However, not all of them entered use in the Yugoslav (later Serbian) Army. The list includes weapons and systems of other companies in which VTI was partly involved in some stage of developing and those systems are given with references. Institute was in charge for domestically produced weapons systems under licence and modification and modernization of such weapons with introducing new technologies and making new materials and tools for production. There are several new weapons developed from licences products that surpass originals in performance. Examples of licences used for domestic new weapons is a licence for tank T-72.

Aircraft

Ikarus S-49 The Ikarus S-49 was a Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, Yugoslav single-seat, single-engine fighter aircraft built for the Yugoslav Air Force ( sh, Ratno vazduhoplovstvo i protivvazdušna obrana – RV i PVO) shortly after World War II. ...

Soko J-20 Kraguj The Soko J-20 Kraguj (''Sparrowhawk'') is a light military, single-engine, low-wing single-seat aircraft with a metal airframe, capable of performing close air support, counterinsurgency (COIN), and reconnaissance missions, that was designed by ...

* Soko G-2 Galeb *

Soko J-21 Jastreb The Soko J-21 ''Jastreb'' ( en, Hawk), referred to as the J-1 ''Jastreb'' in some sources, is a Yugoslav single-seat, single-engine, light attack aircraft, designed by the Aeronautical Technical Institute (ATI) and Vojnotehnički Institut Beogra ...

Soko J-22 Orao The Soko J-22 Orao ( sr-cyr, text=Oрао, translation=eagle) is a Yugoslav twin-engined, subsonic ground-attack and aerial reconnaissance aircraft. It was developed and built in collaboration by SOKO in Yugoslavia and by Avioane Craiova i ...

Soko G-4 Super Galeb The Soko G-4 Super Galeb ( en, Super Seagull), also referred to as N-62, is a Yugoslav single-engine, advanced jet trainer and light ground-attack aircraft designed by the Aeronautical Technical Institute at Žarkovo and manufactured by the SOK ...

UTVA 75 The UTVA 75 is a compact, low-wing monoplane, piston-engine aircraft manufactured by UTVA. It is mainly used as a military basic trainer and sporting aircraft. Development The Utva 75 made its maiden flight in 1976. Between 1978 and 1985 ...

(above mentioned developed by the Aeronautical Technical Institute) *

Kobac The UTVA Kobac (English: ''Sparrowhawk'') was a prototype Serbian single-engine, low-wing tandem-seat turboprop training/light attack aircraft manufactured by Pančevo based UTVA Aviation Industry and designed by the Military Technical Institute ...

Lasta 95 The Utva Lasta 95 is a light military trainer aircraft produced by Utva Aviation Industry, subsidiary of Yugoimport SDPR. It is a tandem two-seater low-wing trainer with a metal airframe. The aircraft is capable of basic training functions includi ...

* HN-45M Gama * HN-45M Gama 2

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles

* Vrabac *

Pegaz 011 The PEGAZ 011 ( sr, text=Пегаз, translation=Pegasus) is a medium-range tactical UAV for day and night attack (armed variant), reconnaissance and surveillance missions, target acquisition and designation developed by Military Technical Instit ...

* IBL-2000

Unmanned Ground Vehicles

* Mali Miloš Robot vti

Armoured Vehicles

Tanks

* M-84 and A/AB/ABN/ABK/ AS variants (1985–present) ** M-84A – An upgraded version similar to the Soviet

T-72M1 The T-72 is a family of Soviet Union, Soviet/Russian main battle tanks that entered production in 1969. The T-72 was a development of the T-64, which was troubled by high costs and its reliance on immature developmental technology. About 25,000 ...

but with a significantly more powerful engine and additional armour plating ** M-84AB – Kuwaiti version of the M-84A ** M-84AB – The M-84AB fitted with land navigation equipment ** M-84ABK Command Tank – M-84AB version fitted with extensive communication equipment, land navigation equipment, and a generator for the command role ** M-84AI armored recovery vehicle (Yugoslavia and Poland) – During the mid-1990s Kuwait requested an armored recovery vehicle variant of the M-84A tank as part of the deal to buy a large batch of M-84A tanks. **

M-84AS The M-84AS prototype main battle tank is a modernized version of the M-84 produced by Yugoimport SDPR in Serbia. M-84AS is sometimes referred to as ''M-84AB1'' and ''M-2001'' and is based mostly on imported components. Design The modernization give ...

– Upgrade package of the M-84A in service with the Serbian Army **

M-84AS1 The M-84AS1 and M-84AS2 are substantially modernized versions of the M-84 main battle tank designed by the Military Technical Institute and produced by Technical Overhauling Institute "Čačak" in Serbia. The first version designated as M-84AS1 wa ...

– Adds additional armor, including

explosive reactive armor Reactive armour is a type of vehicle armour that reacts in some way to the impact of a weapon to reduce the damage done to the vehicle being protected. It is most effective in protecting against shaped charges and specially hardened kinetic ene ...

, integrated day-night sighting system with thermal imager, command information system, a soft-kill active protection system, new radio system, remote-controlled weapons station with 12.7mm machine gun, and

CBRN Chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear defence (CBRN defence) are protective measures taken in situations in which chemical, biological, radiological or nuclear warfare (including terrorism) hazards may be present. CBRN defence consi ...

protection equipment

Infantry Fighting Vehicles

BVP M-80 The BVP M-80, is a tracked Yugoslavian-made infantry fighting vehicle, produced from the 1980s until the country's collapse in the 1990s. Development Early research and development of the M-80 began in 1969, with testing of the first completed pr ...

(1979–present) ** M-80A – Improved version with 320 hp engine, full production ** M-80A1 or SPAT 30/2 – Improved version with a dual 30mm gun system called "Foka". Prototype only. ** M-80A/98 – Further improvements of M-80A1 with new "Vidra" turret ** M-80A KC – Company commander's vehicle ** M-80A KB – Battalion commander's vehicle ** M-80A VK - Turretless commander's vehicle ** M-80A Sn – Medical, no turret. Single oblong hatch in the roof and single rear door. Carries 4 stretcher patients or 8 seated patients. ** M-80A LT – Tank hunter with six AT-3 launchers ** Sava M-90 – SA-13 SAM version, designated Strela-10MJ, prototype ** MOS – Self-propelled mine layer ** M-80AK/M-98A – New

gun turret A gun turret (or simply turret) is a mounting platform from which weapons can be fired that affords protection, visibility and ability to turn and aim. A modern gun turret is generally a rotatable weapon mount that houses the crew or mechani ...

with 30 mm M86 cannon or 30 mm dual feed M89 cannon ** M-80AB1 – Advanced armour, turret gun control equipment, optronics package, smoke grenade launchers and the ability to mount and launch the most recent

9M14 Malyutka The 9M14 Malyutka (russian: Малютка, links=no; "Little one", NATO reporting name: AT-3 Sagger) is a manual command to line of sight (MCLOS) wire-guided anti-tank guided missile (ATGM) system developed in the Soviet Union. It was the first ...

missile variants

= Armoured Personnel Carriers

= *

OT M-60 The OT M-60 is a Yugoslav armoured personnel carrier produced from 1962 to 1979. Development The OT (''Oklopni transporter - armoured personnel carrier'') M-60 was the first Yugoslav armored vehicle to enter serial production. Research and devel ...

(1962-1979) * BOV 4 x 4 (1980–present) ** BOV VP ** BOV M11 ** BOV M15 ** BOV APC

= Reconnaissance Vehicles

= *

BOV M11 The BOV M11 is part of the BOV family of light armored vehicles. The M11 is a 4x4 all-wheel drive vehicle specialized in reconnaissance. It is armored vehicle manufactured in Yugoimport SDPR factory in Velika Plana, Serbia. Description The B ...

* Kurjak

Air Defence Vehicles

* BOV 3 * BOV 30 * BOV AX Hybrid

= Engineering Vehicles

= *

VIU-55 Munja VIU-55 Munja ( sr, Муња, lit. 'lightning') is a combat engineering vehicle produced by Serbia. VTI did the conceptual design of the ''Munja'' general-purpose engineer vehicle and the Technical Overhauling Institute "Čačak" built the vehicle ...

(T-55 conversion) * M-84AI

Artillery

Field artillery

Nora M-84 Gun howitzer NORA ( sr, Топ — хаубица НОРА, tr. ''Top — haubica NORA''; ''NORA'' acronymic for sr, Ново оруђе артиљерије, tr. ''Novo oruđe artiljerije'', "New Artillery Tool") is a Yugoslav and ...

* M-56

Self-propelled artillery

Nora B-52 The Nora B-52 is a 155 mm self-propelled howitzer developed by Military Technical Institute and manufactured by Yugoimport SDPR in Velika Plana, Serbia. History The first self-propelled Nora B (developed on the basis of Nora C) was designed ...

Sora 122mm Self-propelled howitzer 122mm SORA ( sr, Самоходна хаубица 122mm СОРА, Samohodna haubica 122mm SORA) is a Serbian 122mm self-propelled howitzer developed by the Military Technical Institute for the Serbian Army. Self-propelled ...

Multiple rocket launcher

LRSVM Morava The LRSVM Morava ( sr, Лансер Ракета Самоходни Вишецевни Модуларни (ЛРСВМ) Морава, Lanser Raketa Samohodni Višecevni Modularni (LRSVM) Morava) is a modular, multi-calibre, multi-pod self-propelle ...

M-87 Orkan The M-87 Orkan is a Yugoslavian fully automated self-propelled multiple rocket launcher. The generic M-87 project was configured with 12 launch tubes mounted on a FAP 2832 truck. It has a range of about 50 to 120 km, with the ability to del ...

* M-96 Orkan 2 *

M-77 Oganj The M-77 Oganj is a 128mm Self-propelled artillery, self-propelled multiple rocket launcher developed in the former Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, Yugoslavia. NATO designation is the YMRL-32. Development Development started in 1968. Pro ...

M-63 Plamen M-63 Plamen ( sr, Пламен; "flame") is a 128mm multiple rocket launcher developed in 1963 in Yugoslavia for use in the Yugoslav People's Army. Development Serbian Prof. Obrad Vučurović, mechanical engineer at the Military Technical Instit ...

* Nimr

Mortars

M57 mortar The Yugoslavian 60mm M57 Mortar was generally based on the design of the US 60mm M2 Mortar. Currently, the M57 Mortar is produced by the Serbian company PPT Namenska, and is still used by the 72nd Brigade for Special Operations of the Serbian Arme ...

Universal Mortar UB M52 The Universal Mortar UB M52 is a 120 mm (4.75 inch) mortar that was developed by Military Technical Institute, in former Yugoslavia. It is long-range heavy mortar developed from the Soviet M1938 mortar but with integral wheels carriage. Des ...

M74 light mortar The M74 mortar is designed by Military Technical Institute in Yugoslavia. It is smooth bore, muzzle-loading, high-angle-of-fire weapon used for long-range indirect fire support. Today they are produced by Serbian company PPT Namenska and BNT from ...

* M75 light mortar * M95 mortar * Mortar 60mm M70 * Mortar 60mm M95 * Mortar 60 mm M06C * Mortar 82mm M69A

Anti-tank Weapons

Bumbar The Bumbar ( sr-cyr, Бумбар, Bumbar, lit=Bumblebee) is a Serbian short-range portable anti-tank missile system. Description The Bumbar is a wire-guided, man-portable, short-ranged missile system for use against ground targets. The missile h ...

M79 Osa The M79 Osa ( sr, Оса; "wasp") is a Yugoslav-made portable 90 mm anti-tank weapon made of fibre-reinforced plastics. It resembles the French portable anti-tank launcher 89 mm LRAC F1. It consists of the launcher, a CN-6 sighting pi ...

* M80 Zolja *

M90 Stršljen The RBR-120 mm M90 (nicknamed "Стршљен" or "Stršljen", meaning "Hornet") is a light-weight, single-use, unguided anti-tank rocket launcher. The launcher is produced by Eurokompozit of Prilep, North Macedonia and Poliester of Priboj, S ...

* M-80A LT * POLO M-83 * Malyutka-2T

Anti-Aircraft Weapons

* Sava M-90 * SPAT 30/2 * BOV-3 * BOV-30 * Strela 2M2J * Sava * Strela-10M

Mines and Mine layers

* Self-Propelled Minelayer MOS * TMA–4 * TMRP–6

Military trucks

FAP 1118 The FAP 1118 is a series of 4x4 military trucks manufactured by Fabrika automobila Priboj (FAP), based on the Mercedes-Benz NG series. The FAP 1118 is intended to replace the TAM 110 series of military trucks in the Serbian Armed Forces. Descr ...

FAP 2026 FAP 2026 is a general purpose off-road lorry made by Serbian vehicle manufacturer Fabrika automobila Priboj (FAP). The six-wheel drive lorry is designed for transport of personnel, weapons and material up to 6 tons of total weight, as for tract ...

FAP 2228 Korporacija Fabrika automobila Priboj ( sr, Корпорација Фабрика Аутомобила Прибој, Korporacija Fabrika Automobila Priboj; abbr. FAP) is a Serbian automotive manufacturer of military vehicles and with the headqua ...

* FAP 3232 * FAP 3240 *

Zastava NTV The Zastava NTV ( sr, Ново теренско возило, Novo terensko vozilo, italics=yes; ) is a Serbian 4x4, multipurpose, all-terrain infantry mobility vehicle designed by the Military Technical Institute and Zastava Trucks, and manufac ...

Turrets, cupolas and RCWS

* M91 * M86 * M86/06 * M10 RCWS * 12,7mm RCWS * M20 RCWS

Missiles

Unguided missiles

* M-77 * Plamen A * Plamen D

Air-to-surface missile

* Grom A * Grom B * LVBF-250

Surface to surface missiles

* Košava 1

Projectiles and large calibers ammunition

* 105mm HE ER-BB M02 * 105 mm HE ER * 125mm APFSDS–T M88 * 155mm HEERFB–BB M03

Rifles, guns, sub-machine guns and snipers

Zastava M21 The Zastava M21 is a series of 5.56×45mm NATO rifles developed and manufactured by Zastava Arms in Serbia. Description The M21 is based on the Kalashnikov rifle, chambered in the 5.56×45mm NATO cartridge. The current models use a 1.5mm thick ...

* Zastava M97 * Zastava M97K *

Zastava M70 The Zastava M70 ( sr-Cyrl, Застава М70) is a 7.62x39mm assault rifle. Developed in Yugoslavia by Zastava Arms during the 1960s, the M70 was an unlicensed derivative of the Soviet AK-47 (specifically the Type 3 variant). It became the st ...

Radars

* PR15 * Žirafa M-85http://www.vti.mod.gov.rs/index.php?view=actuality&type=news&id=315

Electronics, optoelectronic stations, fuzes, homing heads, sensors, etc

MIP 11, TV Homing Heads for Guided missiles, Laser Homing Heads for Guided missiles, System for acoustic source localization - HEMERA, inertial guidance systems for missiles, Explosive reactive armour M99, Battery command and control system for

, M07G Mortar ballistic computer, Tank engine protection from wrong start-up, system for automatic control and jamming of mobile telephony, Radio jammers against remotely controlled improvised explosive devices, Software packages for command and control of air defense assets from the command and control centers, MOMS surveillance-sighting system

Upgrades modernization and modifications

Neva-M1T, SA-341, Upgraded Howitzer 105 mm M56/33, Upgraded Howitzer 105mm M101/33, Programs for modernization of the T-55 family of tanks, including their Chinese derivatives, as well as of the T-72 family of tanks, Upgraded BTR-50

Specialized laboratories

* Aerodynamics * Spatial Forms and Lengths Measuring * Experimental Modal Analysis, Vibration and Balancing Analysis * Experimental Strength * Experimental Ballistics * Testing of Solid Propellant Rocket Motors * Power-Generating Materials * Servo-Systems * Hardware in the Loop (HIL) Simulation and Telemetry * Electro-Inertial Sensors * NBC Protection * Electromagnetic Compatibility * Radio-Relay Systems and Multiplex Equipment * Micrography * Optoelectronics * Guidance and Control * Electric Power Devices

Fairs and scientific-technical gatherings

Military Technical Institute regularly exhibits at Partner and IDEX military fairs as well as organizing OTEX scientific-technical gathering.

Technical cooperation

Military Technical Institute cooperates with following overhaul institutes: *Technical Overhaul Institute "Čačak" ( sr-Latn, Tehnički remontni zavod "Čačak") http://www.trzcacak.rs/en/index.html *Technical Overhaul Institute "Đurđe Dimitrijević-Đura" ( sr-Latn, Tehnički remontni zavod "Đurđe Dimitrijević-Đura") http://www.trzk.co.rs/English/first.htm *Aeronautical Overhaul Institute "Moma Stanojlović" ( sr-Latn, Vazduhoplovni tehnički zavod "Moma Stanojlović")

Documentary and publishing activity

Making of technical documentation, films and books represents an important part of VTI as publisher, it represents institute output and quantifier of more than sixty years involvement in R&D missions. The institute possesses technical documentation for over 1300 items of weaponry and defense equipment developed through institute history that are introduced in service in the armed forces. This documentation being intellectual property of MoD, it has an outstanding value and use for future projects.

Media

Mali Miloš in action - story about development and use, presented by official Serbia RTS state defense TV channel "Dozvolite" - /www.youtube.com/watch?v=BrQqVF0WZWk Little Milos - robot

References

{{reflist Aerospace companies of Serbia Manufacturing companies established in 1948 Companies based in Belgrade Ministry of Defence (Serbia) Research institutes established in 1948 1948 establishments in Serbia Defense industry of Serbia Čukarica