or on the ethnic name ''Rum'' ('Romans'), as in Arabic ''Rūmiyyat al-kubra'' ('Great City of the Romans') or Persian ''Takht-e Rum'' ('Throne of the Romans').
Judaeo-Spanish
The city is referred to as ''Kostandina'' or ''Kostantina'' (an alteration of
Kostantiniyye) and more often as its short form ''Kosta'' () or ''Kostán'' in most
Judaeo-Spanish
Judaeo-Spanish or Judeo-Spanish (autonym , Hebrew alphabet, Hebrew script: , Cyrillic script, Cyrillic: ), also known as Ladino, is a Romance languages, Romance language derived from Old Spanish language, Old Spanish. Originally spoken in Spain ...
publications during the Ottoman period.
Kosta was the name for the entire province of Istanbul, while the word ''Estambol'' was used for the area of the old city and Pera. Today the word Kosta is restricted only for historical purposes and is no more in common use.
The word ''Estambol'' has widened in meaning to include exclusively the entire European side of Istanbul. The Asian side is usually not considered as Estambol; however, the expression ''la civdad de Estambol'' would encompass the boundaries of the present-day city. There are few expression denoting the Asian side. ''Anatol'', from
Anatolia
Anatolia, tr, Anadolu Yarımadası), and the Anatolian plateau, also known as Asia Minor, is a large peninsula in Western Asia and the westernmost protrusion of the Asian continent. It constitutes the major part of modern-day Turkey. The re ...
and ''Asya'', meaning
Asia
Asia (, ) is one of the world's most notable geographical regions, which is either considered a continent in its own right or a subcontinent of Eurasia, which shares the continental landmass of Afro-Eurasia with Africa. Asia covers an area ...
are common words to denote the Asian side of Istanbul. Moreover, ''el otro lado'' (literally ''the other side'') is a quite simplistic and descriptory expression for the Asian side of Istanbul, especially for those living in the European side. Those living in the Asian side however do not use this expression to denote the European side, but simply call it ''Estambol''. The inhabitants are called ''Estambulí'' or ''Estambullí''.
Hebrew
In Hebrew, the city was sometimes referred to as "Kushtandina" , and sometimes "Kushtandina Rabati" , literally, Great Kushtandina, or shortened to "Kushta" , probably due to a distorted pronunciation of the Judaeo-Spanish ''Kostandina''. This usage was common among non-Sephardic Jews until the early 20th century; however, in present-day
Israel
Israel (; he, יִשְׂרָאֵל, ; ar, إِسْرَائِيل, ), officially the State of Israel ( he, מְדִינַת יִשְׂרָאֵל, label=none, translit=Medīnat Yīsrāʾēl; ), is a country in Western Asia. It is situated ...
it has virtually disappeared, replaced by the Hebrew transliteration of the Turkish "Istanbul" ().
Chinese
* Fulin (Fulin is the Chinese pronunciation of ''Polin'')
* Lumi city (Lumi is the Chinese pronunciation of
Rûm
Rūm ( ar, روم , collective; singulative: Rūmī ; plural: Arwām ; fa, روم Rum or Rumiyān, singular Rumi; tr, Rûm or , singular ), also romanized as ''Roum'', is a derivative of the Aramaic (''rhπmÈ'') and Parthian (''frwm'') te ...
or Rumi) during the
Ming dynasty
The Ming dynasty (), officially the Great Ming, was an Dynasties in Chinese history, imperial dynasty of China, ruling from 1368 to 1644 following the collapse of the Mongol Empire, Mongol-led Yuan dynasty. The Ming dynasty was the last ort ...
* Wulumu (originates from Rûm or Rumi), during the
Qing dynasty
The Qing dynasty ( ), officially the Great Qing,, was a Manchu-led imperial dynasty of China and the last orthodox dynasty in Chinese history. It emerged from the Later Jin dynasty founded by the Jianzhou Jurchens, a Tungusic-speak ...
* Gongsidangdinebole , during the Qing dynasty
* Kangsitanyinuoge'er , during the Qing dynasty
* Junshitandingbao modern transcription of Constantinople, used when referring to the city in a historical sense
Present-day Chinese uses transcriptions of the name Istanbul (Yisitanbu'er or Yisitanbao ) when referring to the modern city.
Modern languages
Most modern Western languages have adopted the name ''Istanbul'' for the modern city during the 20th century, following the current usage in the Turkish Republic. However, many languages also preserve other, traditional names. Greeks continue to call the city Constantinople (Κωνσταντινούπολη ''Konstantinupoli'' in Modern Greek) or simply "The City" (η Πόλη ''i Poli''). Languages that use forms based on ''Stamboul'' include
Russian
Russian(s) refers to anything related to Russia, including:
*Russians (, ''russkiye''), an ethnic group of the East Slavic peoples, primarily living in Russia and neighboring countries
*Rossiyane (), Russian language term for all citizens and peo ...
,
Polish
Polish may refer to:
* Anything from or related to Poland, a country in Europe
* Polish language
* Poles
Poles,, ; singular masculine: ''Polak'', singular feminine: ''Polka'' or Polish people, are a West Slavic nation and ethnic group, w ...
(though the alternative form of ''Istambuł'' is also universally accepted and employed in many translations),
Latvian,
Lithuanian,
Georgian
Georgian may refer to:
Common meanings
* Anything related to, or originating from Georgia (country)
** Georgians, an indigenous Caucasian ethnic group
** Georgian language, a Kartvelian language spoken by Georgians
**Georgian scripts, three scrip ...
and
Albanian
Albanian may refer to:
*Pertaining to Albania in Southeast Europe; in particular:
**Albanians, an ethnic group native to the Balkans
**Albanian language
**Albanian culture
**Demographics of Albania, includes other ethnic groups within the country ...
. The Albanian form is ''Stamboll''; the
Spanish
Spanish might refer to:
* Items from or related to Spain:
**Spaniards are a nation and ethnic group indigenous to Spain
**Spanish language, spoken in Spain and many Latin American countries
**Spanish cuisine
Other places
* Spanish, Ontario, Can ...
form is ''Estambul''; the
Portuguese
Portuguese may refer to:
* anything of, from, or related to the country and nation of Portugal
** Portuguese cuisine, traditional foods
** Portuguese language, a Romance language
*** Portuguese dialects, variants of the Portuguese language
** Portu ...
form is ''Istambul'', with an ''m'' instead of an ''n''; the
Hungarian form is ''Isztambul,'' with the digraph ''sz'' pronounced /s/ in the Hungarian language.
Armenian
Armenian may refer to:
* Something of, from, or related to Armenia, a country in the South Caucasus region of Eurasia
* Armenians, the national people of Armenia, or people of Armenian descent
** Armenian Diaspora, Armenian communities across the ...
uses ''Polis''/''Bolis'' (Eastern and Western Armenian pronunciation, respectively), shortened from ''Kostandnupolis''/''Gostantnubolis'' (ultimately borrowed from Greek), although ''Stambul'' () from Istanbul is also used in everyday speech and officially used in the Republic of Armenia.
Icelandic preserves the old Norse name ''Mikligarður'', though the form ''Istanbúl'' is generally used. In
Slovene ''Carigrad'' is still largely used and often preferred over the official name.
[Seznam tujih imen v slovenskem jeziku. Geodetska uprava Republike Slovenije. Ljubljana 2001. p. 18.]
See also
* "
Istanbul (Not Constantinople)
"Istanbul (Not Constantinople)" is a 1953 novelty song, with lyrics by Jimmy Kennedy and music by Nat Simon. It was written on the 500th anniversary of the fall of Constantinople to the Ottomans. The lyrics humorously refer to the official ren ...
", a 1953
novelty song
A novelty song is a type of song built upon some form of novel concept, such as a gimmick, a piece of humor, or a sample of popular culture. Novelty songs partially overlap with comedy songs, which are more explicitly based on humor, and w ...
References
Bibliography
{{DEFAULTSORT:Names Of Istanbul
Constantinople
Istanbul, Names of
Istanbul, Names of
Istanbul, Names of
History of Istanbul
Istanbul, Names of