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The International Baccalaureate Middle Years Programme (MYP) is an educational programme for students between the ages of 11 to 16 around the world as part of the
International Baccalaureate The International Baccalaureate (IB), formerly known as the International Baccalaureate Organization (IBO), is a nonprofit foundation headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland, and founded in 1968. It offers four educational programmes: the IB Dip ...
(IB) continuum. Middle Year Programme is intended to prepare students for the two-year
IB Diploma Programme The International Baccalaureate Diploma Programme (IBDP) is a two-year educational programme primarily aimed at 16-to-19-year-olds in 140 countries around the world. The programme provides an internationally accepted qualification for entry into ...
. It is used by 1,358 schools in 108 countries. It has been available since 1994. It was updated in 2014 and called MYP:New chapter. In the Middle Year Programme students are required to receive instruction in all eight subject groups; Language Acquisition, Language and Literature, Individuals and Societies, Sciences, Mathematics, Arts, Physical and Health Education, and Design.


Overview

In 2014 the International Baccalaureate Organisation introduced a new more flexible programme for the middle years, which was then called the MYP:Next Chapter but this by 2019 had transitioned into MYP. It was possible to embed local curriculum in the framework. The full strategy involve approaches to learning strategy, concept-driven teaching and the global context strategy, and school organisation with collective planning, vertical structuring and cooperation with the community. In order to officially participate in an official IB Middle Years Programme, students must attend an authorised IB World School. In the U.S., the MYP is often taught throughout middle school and the first two years of high school. Typically, middle schools and high schools work in coordination with each other. A student receives at least 50 hours of instruction per year in each of eight subject groups each year though certain flexibility is permitted to reduce this to six during the final two years.The full programme lasts five years although shorter programmes, of two, three, or four years, could be negotiated in 2016.


Learner profile

At the centre of the MYP is the IB Learner Profile, which defines the type of students all the IB programmes (
Primary Years Programme The International Baccalaureate Primary Years Programme (PYP) is an educational programme managed by the International Baccalaureate (IB) for students in grades Kindergarten to Fifth grade. While the programme prepares students for the IB Middle Y ...
(PYP), Middle Years Programme (MYP), and
Diploma Programme The International Baccalaureate Diploma Programme (IBDP) is a two-year educational programme primarily aimed at 16-to-19-year-olds in 140 countries around the world. The programme provides an internationally accepted qualification for entry into ...
(DP)) are intended to develop. They are: :*Caring :*Balanced :*Open-minded :*Knowledgeable :*Communicators :*Risk-takers :*Principled :*Reflective :*Inquirers :*Thinkers


Global Contexts

There are six Global Contexts (GCs) which are applied to every course the student takes. They are designed to help students recognize the connection between what they learn in the classroom and the world around them, to tie the various subject areas together, and eventually to help students "see knowledge as an interrelated, coherent whole." The Global Contexts should be linked to every topic taught in class and every assessment they set. The Global Contexts are as follows: # identities and relationships # personal and cultural identity # orientations in space and time # scientific and technical innovation # fairness and development # globalisation and sustainability


Community service

A core part of IB MYP is
community service Community service is unpaid work performed by a person or group of people for the benefit and betterment of their community without any form of compensation. Community service can be distinct from volunteering, since it is not always performed ...
. The community and service area requires students to study and perform community studies and service throughout the programme. For example, in the United States, some schools and districts, like the Upper St. Clair School District and
Montgomery County Public Schools (Maryland) Montgomery County Public Schools (MCPS) is a public school district that serves Montgomery County, Maryland. With 210 schools, it is the largest school district in the state of Maryland. For the 2022–2023 school year, the district has 13,994 ...
either require or highly encourage a set number of hours of community service to be completed by each student, while schools like
Charlotte-Mecklenburg Schools Charlotte-Mecklenburg Schools (abbreviated CMS) is a local education agency headquartered in Charlotte, North Carolina and is the public school system for Mecklenburg County. With over 147,000 students enrolled, it is the second-largest school ...
and
Round Rock Independent School District Round Rock Independent School District (RRISD) is a school district headquartered in the city of Round Rock, Texas, United States. As of 2022, the school district serves over 48,000 students, prekindergarten through grade 12. District bounda ...
require students to complete the "Community Project" for students to complete the programme during Year 3 or 4.


Personal Project

The "Personal Project" is meant to be a culmination of student learning, with a focus of the areas of interaction. Just as with the extended essay in the
IB Diploma Programme The International Baccalaureate Diploma Programme (IBDP) is a two-year educational programme primarily aimed at 16-to-19-year-olds in 140 countries around the world. The programme provides an internationally accepted qualification for entry into ...
, students are required to choose an academic or non-academic topic or subject for their project, which they are expected to complete over the course of the school year. Students are required to keep a ''personal journal'' while working on the process, and schedule regular meetings with an MYP teacher who will serve as their adviser throughout the year; in addition, a final reflection must be written upon the completion of the project which explains how it ties in with at least one of the Global Contexts. To get the MYP certificate, the candidate must get at least 3 out of 7 in the final score.


Curricular framework

The programme is based on the six global contexts. They are not generally taught as separate courses, but rather as themes that are reflected in all eight subject groups. In addition to these eight subject groups, in MYP year 5, students complete the long-term project (the personal project) on a topic of their choice, with teacher supervision (which is graded on separate criteria). Students in MYP year 3-4 complete the community project.


Subject groups

The subjects taught in the MYP are divided into eight subject groups. : Schools can choose the subjects they teach within each subject group and how many. However, each subject group must receive a minimum of 50 hours of curriculum time each academic year. In years 4 and 5, schools can request to only require students to receive 50 hours of instruction in six of the eight subject groups. A student could take another "Language and Literature" course if they have sufficient proficiency in both (In MYP years 4&5 this could replace the Language Acquisition course). Schools are given much flexibility to allow them to introduce subjects they consider important and organize their own student assessment and reporting procedures. However, the MYP gives clear criteria for each subject group. The criteria get progressively harder with the first year of MYP using the MYP 1 criteria set, then the second and third year using the MYP 3 criteria set and finally the last two years using the MYP 5 criteria set. Each year, MYP students participate in one interdisciplinary activity that combines at least two of the subject groups; there is a separate criteria set for interdisciplinary learning.


IB MYP Certificate (Optional)

The MYP Certificate is the formal internationally recognised award related to the MYP. The MYP eAssessments are the form of the optional external moderation introduced in 2016. To receive the MYP Certificate, each candidate must complete at least one eAssessment in each of these areas: * Language and literature * Individuals and societies * Sciences * Mathematics * Interdisciplinary learning * Language acquisition (or second Language and literature) * Physical and health education, Arts, or Design * The MYP Personal project Within each area, the subject with the highest score, on the scale of 1 to 7 is counted, the results will be tallied to create a total out of 56. The pass mark is 28 and the candidate must meet the Service and Actions requirements set by the school.


Assessment criteria

Each subject group uses four criteria to mark a student's ability in the subject. At the end of the year, teachers give a final score, out of eight, on each criterion based on the student's performance throughout the whole year. : The scores of the four criteria are added up and converted to a grade out of seven. This grade is meant to demonstrate the student's overall ability in the subject, with 1 being the lowest achievement and 7 the highest achievement. Language and Literature * A: Analysing * B: Organizing * C: Producing Text * D: Using Language Language Acquisition * A: Comprehending spoken and visual text * B: Comprehending written and visual text * C: Communicating in response to spoken and/or written and/or visual text * D: Using language in spoken and/or written form Individuals and Societies * A: Knowing and Understanding * B: Investigating * C: Communicating * D: Thinking Critically Sciences * A: Knowing and Understanding * B: Inquiring and Designing * C: Processing and Evaluating * D: Reflecting on the Impacts of Science Mathematics * A: Knowing and Understanding * B: Investigating Patterns * C: Communicating * D: Applying Mathematics in Real-Life Contexts The Arts * A: Knowing and Understanding * B: Developing Skills * C: Thinking Creatively * D: Responding Physical and Health Education * A: Knowing and Understanding * B: Planning for Performance * C: Applying and Performing * D: Reflecting and Improving Performance Design * A: Inquiring and Analysing * B: Developing Ideas * C: Creating the Solution * D: Evaluating Interdisciplinary learning * A: Disciplinary Grounding * B: Synthesizing * C: Communicating * D: Reflecting Personal Project * A: Investigating * B: Planning * C: Taking action * D: Reflecting


History and Development of the IB Middle Years Program

The Middle Years Program was developed significantly later than the
Diploma Programme The International Baccalaureate Diploma Programme (IBDP) is a two-year educational programme primarily aimed at 16-to-19-year-olds in 140 countries around the world. The programme provides an internationally accepted qualification for entry into ...
, and in parallel to and independently of what would become the
Primary Years Programme The International Baccalaureate Primary Years Programme (PYP) is an educational programme managed by the International Baccalaureate (IB) for students in grades Kindergarten to Fifth grade. While the programme prepares students for the IB Middle Y ...
. The Middle Years Programme's "birthplace" is considered to be the International School Moshi, in Tanzania, today known as the
United World College East Africa United World College East Africa (UWCEA) is an independent international school in Tanzania, and a member of the United World Colleges movement. Established in 1969 as International School Moshi, the school is based on two campuses on the slopes o ...
, which had been the first school to introduce the IB diploma to the African continent. In the late 1970s the school identified a pedagogical disconnect stemming from teaching the British
O-levels The O-Level (Ordinary Level) is a subject-based qualification conferred as part of the General Certificate of Education. It was introduced in place of the School Certificate in 1951 as part of an educational reform alongside the more in-depth ...
curriculum to students aged 11-16, and then the International Baccalaureate Diploma for students 16-18. The headmaster at the time, Lister Hannah, led discussions on the potential of developing a new two year pre-IB curriculum at the ''Association of International Schools in Africa'' conference in Nairobi in October 1978. Hannah, together with the heads of the
International School of Lusaka International School of Lusaka (ISL) is an international school in Ridgeway, Lusaka, Zambia. It is equivalent to an American PK-12 school, and it serves levels preschool through IGCSE/IB Diploma The International Baccalaureate Diploma Programm ...
, Zambia, and the
International School of Tanganyika The International School of Tanganyika (IST), founded in 1963, is an international school in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. The school is an IB World School that hosts the Primary Years, Middle Years, and Diploma programmes. IST operates on two camp ...
in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, engaged in discussions with the
International Baccalaureate Organization The International Baccalaureate (IB), formerly known as the International Baccalaureate Organization (IBO), is a nonprofit foundation headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland, and founded in 1968. It offers four educational programmes: the IB Dip ...
and the ''International Schools Association (ISA)'' about establishing a new pre-IB programme. In 1980, the school hosted a conference of the ''International Schools Association (ISA)'' in Moshi, titled 'The Needs of the Child in the Middle Years of Schooling (ages 11-16)'. This conference recommended the development of a course to meet the needs of students aged 11-16 years, with a focus on six key ‘needs’, which were described as ''Global'', ''Intellectual'', ''Personal'', ''Physical'', ''Creative'', and ''Social''. Further workshops and conferences (Lusaka in 1981, New York in 1981, Wersen in 1981, London in 1982, and Cyprus in 1983) brought additional schools into the conversation, including the International School of Geneva (Ecolint), the United Nations International School (UNIS) in New York, and the
Vienna International School Vienna International School (VIS) is a non-profit List of international schools, international school in Vienna, Austria. The school was built to accommodate the children of United Nations (UN) employees and diplomats when the UN decided to locat ...
, and established a framework for what would become the ISA curriculum (ISAC), and later the Middle Years Programme. It was during this time that Gérard Renaud, previously a teacher at Ecolint and then Director General of the IB, and Robert Belle-Isle, who was the director at UNIS and had previously been the superintendent of the Chambly school district in Quebec, became involved in the initiative. From 1983-1990 the discussions crystalized into a five-year curriculum for students aged 11–16, rather than a purely pre-IB course. At the 1987 ISA annual conference in Svendborg, it was decided to pilot the newly designed curriculum. Three schools took part in the initial pilot: the
MacDonald Cartier High School Heritage Regional High School is a public secondary school located in Longueuil. Before being known as Heritage, the school was known as MacDonald-Cartier Memorial High School. HRTV Heritage Regional High School is the owner of its own television ...
in Quebec, Canada (in Belle-Isle's former school district of Chambly); Het Rijnlands Lyceum in the Netherlands; and St Catherine’s School in Buenos Aires, Argentina. The
Vienna International School Vienna International School (VIS) is a non-profit List of international schools, international school in Vienna, Austria. The school was built to accommodate the children of United Nations (UN) employees and diplomats when the UN decided to locat ...
joined soon after, and other school boards in Quebec became interested in the program at MacDonald Cartier, and around 20 schools soon began implementing the experimental program. The ISAC programme was taken over by the International Baccalaureate Organization in the early 1990s, officially becoming the IB Middle Years Programme in 1994.


Discussion


Evidence of benefit

The ''Chicago Tribune'' reported that in 1998 in that city's Beverly area, only 67 students in the 8th grade chose to attend a local public high school offering an IB curriculum. When a cluster of Beverly schools introduced the IB Middle Years Programme in the 1999–2000 school year, the number of 8th graders who chose to attend the local high school then increased to about 150. One student was quoted, "I had really good teachers in the IB."


References

{{Cite web, url=https://blog.prepscholar.com/international-baccalaureate-schools-in-us-complete-list, title=Complete List of IB Schools in the USA, by State, last=Seigel, first=Dora, website=blog.prepscholar.com, language=en-us, access-date=2019-04-30


External links


Middle Years Programme MYP:From Principles into Practice (2014)
Full description of the MYP on the cusp of introduction of MYP:Next Chapter
The Middle Years Programme
Official website International Baccalaureate