Opisthorchiidae is a family of

digenea Digenea (Gr. ''Dis'' – double, ''Genos'' – race) is a class of trematodes in the Platyhelminthes phylum, consisting of parasitic flatworms (known as ''flukes'') with a syncytial tegument and, usually, two suckers, one ventral and one oral. ...

n trematodes. Opisthorchiidae have

cosmopolitan distribution In biogeography, cosmopolitan distribution is the term for the range of a taxon that extends across all or most of the world in appropriate habitats. Such a taxon, usually a species, is said to exhibit cosmopolitanism or cosmopolitism. The ext ...

. The most medically important species in the family Opisthorchiidae are ''

Clonorchis sinensis ''Clonorchis sinensis'', the Chinese liver fluke, is a liver fluke belonging to the class Trematoda, phylum Platyhelminthes. It infects fish-eating mammals, including humans. In humans, it infects the common bile duct and gall bladder, feeding on ...

'', ''

Opisthorchis viverrini ''Opisthorchis viverrini'', common name Southeast Asian liver fluke, is a food-borne trematode parasite from the family Opisthorchiidae that infects the bile duct. People are infected after eating raw or undercooked fish. Infection with the par ...

'', and ''

Opisthorchis felineus ''Opisthorchis felineus'', or cat liver fluke is a trematode parasite that infects the liver in mammals. It was first discovered in 1884 in a cat's liver by Sebastiano Rivolta of Italy. In 1891, Russian parasitologist, Konstantin Nikolaevich V ...

'', that are causes of the disease

clonorchiasis Clonorchiasis is an infectious disease caused by the Chinese liver fluke (''Clonorchis sinensis'') and two related species. Clonorchiasis is a known risk factor for the development of cholangiocarcinoma, a neoplasm of the biliary system. Sympt ...

. Some species are parasites of economically important fish, e.g. ''

Clarias gariepinus ''Clarias gariepinus'' or African sharptooth catfish is a species of catfish of the family Clariidae, the airbreathing catfishes. Distribution They are found throughout Africa and the Middle East, and live in freshwater lakes, rivers, and swa ...

''.Jansen van Rensburg, C., van As, J.G. & King, P.H. 2013. New records of digenean parasites of ''Clarias gariepinus'' (Pisces: Clariidae) from the Okavango Delta, Botswana, with description of ''Thaparotrema botswanensis'' sp. n. (Plathelminthes: Trematoda). ''

African Invertebrates ''African Invertebrates'' is a peer-reviewed open access scientific journal that covers the taxonomy, systematics, biogeography, ecology, conservation, and palaeontology of Afrotropical invertebrates, whether terrestrial, freshwater, or marine. I ...

'' 54 (2): 431–44

/ref>

Subfamilies

Thirteen subfamilies are in the family Opisthorchiidae: but their number is inconsistent: *

Allogomtiotrematinae Opisthorchiidae is a family of digenean trematodes. Opisthorchiidae have cosmopolitan distribution. The most medically important species in the family Opisthorchiidae are '' Clonorchis sinensis'', '' Opisthorchis viverrini'', and '' Opisthorch ...

- Gupta, 1955; Yamaguti, 1958 - two genera *

Aphallinae Opisthorchiidae is a family of digenean trematodes. Opisthorchiidae have cosmopolitan distribution. The most medically important species in the family Opisthorchiidae are '' Clonorchis sinensis'', '' Opisthorchis viverrini'', and '' Opisthorch ...

- Yamaguti, 1958 - one genus *

Delphinicolinae Opisthorchiidae is a family of digenean trematodes. Opisthorchiidae have cosmopolitan distribution. The most medically important species in the family Opisthorchiidae are '' Clonorchis sinensis'', '' Opisthorchis viverrini'', and '' Opisthorch ...

- Yamaguti, 1933 - one genus *

Diasiellinae Opisthorchiidae is a family of digenean trematodes. Opisthorchiidae have cosmopolitan distribution. The most medically important species in the family Opisthorchiidae are '' Clonorchis sinensis'', '' Opisthorchis viverrini'', and '' Opisthorch ...

- Yamaguti, 1958 - one genus *

Metorchiinae Opisthorchiidae is a family of digenean trematodes. Opisthorchiidae have cosmopolitan distribution. The most medically important species in the family Opisthorchiidae are ''Clonorchis sinensis'', ''Opisthorchis viverrini'', and ''Opisthorchis fe ...

- Luhe, 1909 - four genera *

Oesophagicolinae Opisthorchiidae is a family of digenean trematodes. Opisthorchiidae have cosmopolitan distribution. The most medically important species in the family Opisthorchiidae are ''Clonorchis sinensis'', '' Opisthorchis viverrini'', and '' Opisthorchis ...

- Yamaguti, 1933 - one genus *

Opisthorchiinae Opisthorchiidae is a family of digenean trematodes. Opisthorchiidae have cosmopolitan distribution. The most medically important species in the family Opisthorchiidae are ''Clonorchis sinensis'', ''Opisthorchis viverrini'', and '' Opisthorchis ...

- Yamaguti, 1899 - 14 genera *

Pachytrematinae Opisthorchiidae is a family of digenean trematodes. Opisthorchiidae have cosmopolitan distribution. The most medically important species in the family Opisthorchiidae are '' Clonorchis sinensis'', '' Opisthorchis viverrini'', and '' Opisthorch ...

Railliet Louis-Joseph Alcide Railliet (also known as Alcide Railliet, born 11 March 1852 at La Neuville-lès-Wasigny in the Ardennes – died 25 December 1930) was a French veterinarian and helminthologist. Professor at the Veterinary School of Alfort, ...

, 1919; Ejsmont, 1931 - one genus *

Plotnikoviinae Opisthorchiidae is a family of digenean trematodes. Opisthorchiidae have cosmopolitan distribution. The most medically important species in the family Opisthorchiidae are ''Clonorchis sinensis'', '' Opisthorchis viverrini'', and '' Opisthorchis ...

- Skrjabin, 1945; Skrjabin et Petrov, 1950 - one genus *

Pseudamphimerinae Opisthorchiidae is a family of digenean trematodes. Opisthorchiidae have cosmopolitan distribution. The most medically important species in the family Opisthorchiidae are ''Clonorchis sinensis'', '' Opisthorchis viverrini'', and '' Opisthorchis ...

- Skrjabin et Petrov, 1950 - three genera *

Pseudamphistominae Opisthorchiidae is a family of digenean trematodes. Opisthorchiidae have cosmopolitan distribution. The most medically important species in the family Opisthorchiidae are ''Clonorchis sinensis'', '' Opisthorchis viverrini'', and '' Opisthorchis ...

- Yamaguti, 1958 - two genera *

Ratziinae Opisthorchiidae is a family of digenean trematodes. Opisthorchiidae have cosmopolitan distribution. The most medically important species in the family Opisthorchiidae are ''Clonorchis sinensis'', '' Opisthorchis viverrini'', and '' Opisthorchis ...

- Dollfus, 1929; Price, 1940 - one genus *

Tubangorchiinae Opisthorchiidae is a family of digenean trematodes. Opisthorchiidae have cosmopolitan distribution. The most medically important species in the family Opisthorchiidae are ''Clonorchis sinensis'', '' Opisthorchis viverrini'', and '' Opisthorchis ...

- Yamaguti, 1958 - one genus

Genera

The family Opisthorchiidae consists of 33 valid genera: * ''

Agrawalotrema Opisthorchiidae is a family of digenean trematodes. Opisthorchiidae have cosmopolitan distribution. The most medically important species in the family Opisthorchiidae are ''Clonorchis sinensis'', '' Opisthorchis viverrini'', and '' Opisthorchis ...

'' Sahay & Sahay, 1988 * ''

Allogomtiotrema Opisthorchiidae is a family of digenean trematodes. Opisthorchiidae have cosmopolitan distribution. The most medically important species in the family Opisthorchiidae are ''Clonorchis sinensis'', '' Opisthorchis viverrini'', and '' Opisthorchis ...

'' Yamaguti, 1958 * ''

Amphimerus Opisthorchiidae is a family of digenean trematodes. Opisthorchiidae have cosmopolitan distribution. The most medically important species in the family Opisthorchiidae are ''Clonorchis sinensis'', '' Opisthorchis viverrini'', and '' Opisthorchis ...

'' Barker, 1911 * ''

Cladocystis Opisthorchiidae is a family of digenean trematodes. Opisthorchiidae have cosmopolitan distribution. The most medically important species in the family Opisthorchiidae are ''Clonorchis sinensis'', '' Opisthorchis viverrini'', and '' Opisthorchis ...

'' Poche, 1926 * ''

Clonorchis ''Clonorchis sinensis'', the Chinese liver fluke, is a liver fluke belonging to the class Trematoda, phylum Platyhelminthes. It infects fish-eating mammals, including humans. In humans, it infects the common bile duct and gall bladder, feeding on ...

'' Looss, 1907 * '' Cyclorchis'' Luhe, 1908 * '' Delphinicola'' Yamaguti, 1933 * '' Diasiella'' Travassos, 1949 * '' Erschoviorchis'' Skrjabin, 1945 * '' Euamphimerus'' Yamaguti, 1941 * '' Evranorchis'' Skrjabin, 1944 * '' Gomtia'' Thapar, 1930 * '' Hepatiarius'' Fedzullaev, 1961 * '' Holometra'' Looss, 1899 * '' Metametorchis'' Morozov, 1939 * '' Metorchis'' Looss, 1899 * ''

Microtrema Opisthorchiidae is a family of digenean trematodes. Opisthorchiidae have cosmopolitan distribution. The most medically important species in the family Opisthorchiidae are ''Clonorchis sinensis'', '' Opisthorchis viverrini'', and '' Opisthorchis ...

'' Kobayashi, 1915 * '' Nigerina'' Baugh, 1958 * '' Oesophagicola'' Yamaguti, 1933 * ''

Opisthorchis ''Opisthorchis'' is a genus of flukes in the family Opisthorchiidae. Species Species in the genus ''Opisthorchis'' include: * '' Opisthorchis chabaudi'' Bourgat & Kulo, 1977 * ''Opisthorchis felineus'' (Rivolta, 1884) * '' Opisthorchis gomti ...

'' Blanchard, 1895 * '' Pachytrema'' Looss, 1907 * ''

Parametorchis Opisthorchiidae is a family of digenean trematodes. Opisthorchiidae have cosmopolitan distribution. The most medically important species in the family Opisthorchiidae are ''Clonorchis sinensis'', ''Opisthorchis viverrini'', and ''Opisthorchis fe ...

'' Skrjabin, 1913 * ''

Paropisthorchis Opisthorchiidae is a family of digenean trematodes. Opisthorchiidae have cosmopolitan distribution. The most medically important species in the family Opisthorchiidae are ''Clonorchis sinensis'', '' Opisthorchis viverrini'', and '' Opisthorchis ...

'' Stephens, 1912 * '' Plotnikovia'' Skrjabin, 1945 * '' Pseudamphimerus'' Gower, 1940 * ''

Pseudamphistomum Opisthorchiidae is a family of digenean trematodes. Opisthorchiidae have cosmopolitan distribution. The most medically important species in the family Opisthorchiidae are ''Clonorchis sinensis'', ''Opisthorchis viverrini'', and ''Opisthorchis fe ...

'' Luhe, 1908 * '' Pseudogomtiotrema'' Gupta & Jain, 1991 * '' Ratzia'' Poche, 1926 * '' Satyapalia'' Lakshminarayana & Hafeezullah, 1974 * '' Thaparotrema'' Gupta, 1955 * '' Trionychotrema'' Chin & Zhang, 1981 * '' Tubangorchis'' Skrjabin, 1944 * '' Witenbergia'' Vaz, 1932

References

{{Taxonbar, from=Q3354237 Trematode families Plagiorchiida