Michał Elwiro Andriolli (, ; 2 November 1836, in

Vilnius Vilnius ( , ) is the capital of and List of cities in Lithuania#Cities, largest city in Lithuania and the List of cities in the Baltic states by population, most-populous city in the Baltic states. The city's estimated January 2025 population w ...

23 August 1893, in

Nałęczów Nałęczów is a spa town (population 4,800) situated on the Nałęczów Plateau in Puławy County, Lublin Voivodeship, eastern Poland. Nałęczów belongs to Lesser Poland. History In the 18th century, the discovery there of healing waters ini ...

) was a Polish

illustrator An illustrator is an artist who specializes in enhancing writing or elucidating concepts by providing a visual representation that corresponds to the content of the associated text or idea. The illustration may be intended to clarify complicate ...

, painter and architect of

Italian Italian(s) may refer to: * Anything of, from, or related to the people of Italy over the centuries ** Italians, a Romance ethnic group related to or simply a citizen of the Italian Republic or Italian Kingdom ** Italian language, a Romance languag ...

descent. He is notable for his illustrations to

Mickiewicz Adam Bernard Mickiewicz (24 December 179826 November 1855) was a Polish poet, dramatist, essayist, publicist, translator and political activist. He is regarded as national poet in Poland, Lithuania and Belarus. He also largely influenced Ukra ...

's ''

Pan Tadeusz ''Pan Tadeusz'' (full title: ''Sir Thaddeus, or the Last Foray in Lithuania: A Nobility's Tale of the Years 1811–1812, in Twelve Books of Verse'') is an epic poem by the Polish people, Polish poet, writer, translator and philosopher Adam Micki ...

'', as well as a distinctive style of villas built outside Warsaw. He was probably most well known for his architecture –

Świdermajer ''Świdermajer'' () is a distinct Poland, Polish architectural style developed in late 19th and early 20th century in Masovia along the railroad linking Warsaw with Otwock. The style was applied almost exclusively to wooden villas of the middle c ...

. This was a regional architectural style common in the Otwock, Poland region. These structures were wooden in construction and were popularized from the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries. Its creator was Michał Elwiro Andriolli. It is characterized by gazebos and decorations above the windows, some of the houses also had turrets. Pine trees were planted together with the buildings as part of the composition.

Life

Andriolli was born on 2 November 1836 in

, then under the

Russian Empire The Russian Empire was an empire that spanned most of northern Eurasia from its establishment in November 1721 until the proclamation of the Russian Republic in September 1917. At its height in the late 19th century, it covered about , roughl ...

's rule. He was the son of Francesco Andriolli, an Italian veteran of the

Napoleon Bonaparte Napoleon Bonaparte (born Napoleone di Buonaparte; 15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821), later known by his regnal name Napoleon I, was a French general and statesman who rose to prominence during the French Revolution and led Military career ...

Grande Armée The (; ) was the primary field army of the French Imperial Army (1804–1815), French Imperial Army during the Napoleonic Wars. Commanded by Napoleon, from 1804 to 1808 it won a series of military victories that allowed the First French Empi ...

, and a Polish noblewoman Petronella Gośniewska de Nowina. His first given name was to honour his maternal grandfather, Michał Gośniewski. In 1855, Androlli went to Moscow, where he started his studies at the School of Painting and Sculpture. In 1858 he graduated from the Imperial Academy of Art in Petersburg. Andriolli received a scholarship and in 1861 he went to Rome, where he continued his studies at the

Accademia di San Luca The Accademia di San Luca () is an Italian academy of artists in Rome. The establishment of the Accademia de i Pittori e Scultori di Roma was approved by papal brief in 1577, and in 1593 Federico Zuccari became its first ''principe'' or director; ...

. He returned to Vilnius and took part in the

January Uprising The January Uprising was an insurrection principally in Russia's Kingdom of Poland that was aimed at putting an end to Russian occupation of part of Poland and regaining independence. It began on 22 January 1863 and continued until the last i ...

against Russian rule. Arrested by the tsarist authorities, he managed to escape from Kaunas Prison and reach London and then Paris. An emissary of the Committee of Polish Emigration, he returned to Russian-held Poland, but was again arrested in 1866. Tried for his part in the Uprising, he was deported to Vyatka. Pardoned in 1871, Andriolli returned to Poland and settled in

Warsaw Warsaw, officially the Capital City of Warsaw, is the capital and List of cities and towns in Poland, largest city of Poland. The metropolis stands on the Vistula, River Vistula in east-central Poland. Its population is officially estimated at ...

. There he started his career as an illustrator for various newspapers, notably the '' Tygodnik Illustrowany'', '' Kłosy'' and '' Biesiada Literacka''. His work for various Warsaw-based newspapers made him one of the most renown illustration makers of the time and Andriolli was hired to illustrate some of the classic works of

Polish literature Polish literature is the literary tradition of Poland. Most Polish literature has been written in the Polish language, though other languages used in Poland over the centuries have also contributed to Polish literary traditions, including Latin, ...

, notably the works by Adam Mickiewicz,

Juliusz Słowacki Juliusz Słowacki (; ; ; 4 September 1809 – 3 April 1849) was a Polish Romantic poet. He is considered one of the " Three Bards" of Polish literature — a major figure in the Polish Romantic period, and the father of modern Polish drama. Hi ...

and

Józef Ignacy Kraszewski Józef Ignacy Kraszewski (28 July 1812 – 19 March 1887) was a Polish novelist, journalist, historian, publisher, painter, and musician. Born in Warsaw into a noble family, he spent much of his youth with his maternal grandparents in Romanów ...

. His pictures for the first editions of Mickiewicz's ''Pan Tadeusz'' and ''

Konrad Wallenrod ''Konrad Wallenrod'' is an 1828 narrative poem, in Polish language, Polish, by Adam Mickiewicz, set in the 14th-century Grand Duchy of Lithuania. Mickiewicz wrote it, while living in St. Petersburg, Russia, in protest against the late-18th-cen ...

'', prepared between 1879 and 1882, are regarded as icons of Polish literature even now. In March 1883, Andriolli visited Paris where he was guest in the home of Władysław Mickiewicz the eldest son of

Adam Mickiewicz Adam Bernard Mickiewicz (24 December 179826 November 1855) was a Polish poet, dramatist, essayist, publicist, translator and political activist. He is regarded as national poet in Poland, Lithuania and Belarus. He also largely influenced Ukra ...

. Between 1883 and 1886, he lived in Paris, where he worked on illustrating the French language editions of works by

William Shakespeare William Shakespeare ( 23 April 1564 – 23 April 1616) was an English playwright, poet and actor. He is widely regarded as the greatest writer in the English language and the world's pre-eminent dramatist. He is often called England's nation ...

and

James Fenimore Cooper James Fenimore Cooper (September 15, 1789 – September 14, 1851) was an American writer of the first half of the 19th century, whose historical romances depicting colonial and indigenous characters from the 17th to the 19th centuries brought h ...

. Upon his return he also worked on frescoes in several churches, notably in

Kaunas Kaunas (; ) is the second-largest city in Lithuania after Vilnius, the fourth largest List of cities in the Baltic states by population, city in the Baltic States and an important centre of Lithuanian economic, academic, and cultural life. Kaun ...

. In the later years of his life, Andriolli found refuge in a small villa he designed for himself near Anielin in what is now the town of

Otwock Otwock (Yiddish: אָטוואָצק) is a city in the Masovian Voivodeship in east-central Poland, some south-east of Warsaw, with 43,895 inhabitants (2024). Otwock is part of the Warsaw metropolitan area. It is situated on the right bank of the ...

at the Świder River, close to Warsaw. Apart from his own house, he designed several other villas in the area, creating a distinctive architectural style of Warsaw's suburbs. The '' świdermajer'', as it was later dubbed by

Konstanty Ildefons Gałczyński Konstanty Ildefons Gałczyński (23 January 1905 – 6 December 1953), alias ''Karakuliambro'', was a Polish poet. He is well known for the "paradramatic" absurd humorous sketches of the . Biography Born to a lower-middle-class family in War ...

, was an eclectic mixture of traditional

Mazovia Mazovia or Masovia ( ) is a historical region in mid-north-eastern Poland. It spans the North European Plain, roughly between Łódź and Białystok, with Warsaw being the largest city and Płock being the capital of the region . Throughout the ...

n village wooden architecture with Alpine and Siberian styles. It remains a distinctive feature of many of Warsaw's suburbs. Michał Andriolli died on 23 August 1893 in

and is buried at the local cemetery.

Works

Michał Andriolli illustrated many books by Polish authors, including: * Eliza Orzeszkowa – "Meir Ezofowicz", *

–

, *

– Stara Baśń in 1879, *

Antoni Malczewski Antoni Malczewski (3 June 1793 – 2 May 1826) was a Polish romantic poet, known for his only work, "a narrative poem of dire pessimism", ''Maria'' (1825). At the times, prominent and scandalizing was his autodestructive romance with a married ...

– "Marya" in 1876, * Władysław Mickiewicz – "Les Récits d'un vieux gentilhomme polonais" 1866,"Les Récits d'un vieux gentilhomme polonais", Mickiewicz Władysław, Paris 1866.

Gallery

File:Michał Andriolli Marya.jpg, Cover of

's book ''Marya'', 1876 File:Andriolli dyngus.jpg, "'' Śmigus-dyngus''" File:Pan Tadeusz 1882 (21148682) (cropped).jpg, Illustration to ''

'' File:Andriolli.Ludwik Narbutt.jpg, Death of Ludwik Narbutt in Dubičiai, Lithuania. National Museum of Lithuania

References

External links

Andriolli's illustrations to ''Pan Tadeusz''

Andriolli's illustrations to ''Stara Baśń''
* http://www.otwock.pl/default.asp?ID=33 * http://www.republika.pl/biblioteka_piotrkow/warsztat/2004/3/040302.htm {{DEFAULTSORT:Andriolli, Michal 1836 births 1893 deaths Architects from Vilnius People from Vilna Governorate Painters from the Russian Empire 19th-century Polish painters 19th-century Polish male artists 19th-century Polish architects Polish illustrators Military art Polish participants of the January Uprising Polish people of Italian descent Polish exiles in the Russian Empire Polish male painters

Life

Works

Gallery

See also

References

Further reading

External links