Miass ( rus, Миа́сс, p=mʲɪˈas) is a
city
A city is a human settlement of notable size.Goodall, B. (1987) ''The Penguin Dictionary of Human Geography''. London: Penguin.Kuper, A. and Kuper, J., eds (1996) ''The Social Science Encyclopedia''. 2nd edition. London: Routledge. It can be def ...
in
Chelyabinsk Oblast,
Russia
Russia (, , ), or the Russian Federation, is a transcontinental country spanning Eastern Europe and Northern Asia. It is the largest country in the world, with its internationally recognised territory covering , and encompassing one-eig ...
, located west of
Chelyabinsk
Chelyabinsk ( rus, Челя́бинск, p=tɕɪˈlʲæbʲɪnsk, a=Ru-Chelyabinsk.ogg; ba, Силәбе, ''Siläbe'') is the administrative center and largest city of Chelyabinsk Oblast, Russia. It is the seventh-largest city in Russia, with a ...
, on the eastern slope of the Southern
Ural Mountains
The Ural Mountains ( ; rus, Ура́льские го́ры, r=Uralskiye gory, p=ʊˈralʲskʲɪjə ˈɡorɨ; ba, Урал тауҙары) or simply the Urals, are a mountain range that runs approximately from north to south through western ...
, on the bank of the river
Miass
Miass ( rus, Миа́сс, p=mʲɪˈas) is a city in Chelyabinsk Oblast, Russia, located west of Chelyabinsk, on the eastern slope of the Southern Ural Mountains, on the bank of the river Miass. Population:
Name
The name Miass is taken from ...
. Population:
Name
The name Miass is taken from the Bashkirs ( ba, Мейәс), the indigenous inhabitants of these places.
History
It was founded in 1773 as a copper mining factory. During the 19th century, the development was driven by the discovery of the richest
gold
Gold is a chemical element with the symbol Au (from la, aurum) and atomic number 79. This makes it one of the higher atomic number elements that occur naturally. It is a bright, slightly orange-yellow, dense, soft, malleable, and ductile me ...
deposits in the Urals. Average annual extraction of gold from the Miass region was about . In the mid-19th century, the volume of gold mining went down, and the development of Miass also slowed. Town status was granted to Miass in 1923. In 1941, an automobile factory (which still operates as
UralAZ
The Urals Automotive Plant, an Open Stock Company, (Russian: ''Ура́льский автомоби́льный заво́д, УралАЗ''; translit. Uralskiy Avtomobilnyi Zavod, UralAZ) is a major Russian manufacturer of off-road trucks unde ...
) was built.
Administrative and municipal status
Within the
framework of administrative divisions, it is, together with twenty-eight
rural localities, incorporated as the
City
A city is a human settlement of notable size.Goodall, B. (1987) ''The Penguin Dictionary of Human Geography''. London: Penguin.Kuper, A. and Kuper, J., eds (1996) ''The Social Science Encyclopedia''. 2nd edition. London: Routledge. It can be def ...
of Miass—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the
districts.
[Resolution #161] As a
municipal division, the City of Miass is incorporated as Miassky Urban Okrug.
Economy and education
Currently Miass is a major machinery center. The truck manufacturer UralAZ is one of its most important factories.
UralAZ
UralAZ
The Urals Automotive Plant, an Open Stock Company, (Russian: ''Ура́льский автомоби́льный заво́д, УралАЗ''; translit. Uralskiy Avtomobilnyi Zavod, UralAZ) is a major Russian manufacturer of off-road trucks unde ...
produces multiaxle-axle, full-drive trucks of high cross-country passability and exports 8% of the trucks. "UralAZ" was included in the rating of 200 biggest Russian companies in 2000 in volume of sales, and employs 105,000 people. It was established in 1942, when the
ZiS factory was evacuated from
Moscow
Moscow ( , US chiefly ; rus, links=no, Москва, r=Moskva, p=mɐskˈva, a=Москва.ogg) is the capital and largest city of Russia. The city stands on the Moskva River in Central Russia, with a population estimated at 13.0 millio ...
during
World War II
World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposing ...
.
The State Rocket Center
The
Makeyev Rocket Design Bureau creates
submarine-launched ballistic missiles. In 1955, it was moved from
Zlatoust
Zlatoust ( rus, Златоуст, p=zlətɐˈust) is a city in Chelyabinsk Oblast, Russia, located on the Ay River (in the Kama basin), west of Chelyabinsk. Population: 181,000 (1971); 161,000 (1959); 99,000 (1939); 48,000 (1926); 21,000 ...
, where it was established in 1947, to Miass.
Population
Ethnic composition (2010):.
*
Russians
, native_name_lang = ru
, image =
, caption =
, population =
, popplace =
118 million Russians in the Russian Federation (2002 '' Winkler Prins'' estimate)
, region1 =
, pop1 ...
– 89.4%
*
Bashkirs
, native_name_lang = bak
, flag = File:Bashkirs of Baymak rayon.jpg
, flag_caption = Bashkirs of Baymak in traditional dress
, image =
, caption =
, population = approx. 2 million
, popplace ...
– 3.6%
*
Tatars
The Tatars ()[Tatar]
in the Collins English Dictionary is an umbrella term for different – 3.4%
*
Ukrainians
Ukrainians ( uk, Українці, Ukraintsi, ) are an East Slavic ethnic group native to Ukraine. They are the seventh-largest nation in Europe. The native language of the Ukrainians is Ukrainian. The majority of Ukrainians are Eastern Ort ...
1.1%
* others – 2.5%
Tourism
The old part of the city comprises 19th-century wooden houses with original
balconies
A balcony (from it, balcone, "scaffold") is a platform projecting from the wall of a building, supported by columns or console brackets, and enclosed with a balustrade, usually above the ground floor.
Types
The traditional Maltese balcony is ...
,
jamb
A jamb (from French ''jambe'', "leg"), in architecture, is the side-post or lining of a doorway or other aperture. The jambs of a window outside the frame are called “reveals.” Small shafts to doors and windows with caps and bases are known ...
s, and
lintels. The house of the gold mine's administrator, Simonov, has also been preserved.
Lake Turgoyak
Turgoyak (russian: Тургояк) is a lake in Chelyabinsk Oblast, near the city of Miass, Russia. It has a surface of 2638 hectares. The water of the lake has a great transparency (from 10-17.5 m). The quality of the water is comparable to that o ...
is located near Miass and is a popular tourist location, with crystal clear water.
Miass has a rich mineralogical museum, as it is close to the Ilmensky Mineral conservation area.
To the East of Miass is the Ilmenskyy Zapovednik, a large protected forest. Not far into the forest, trails lead to fresh-water springs.
Gallery
File:Mixed forest Miass.JPG, This photo was taken in a protected forest in Miass, Chelyabinsk Oblast, Russia next to a fresh-water spring. It shows Birch (Betula spp.) and Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris).
File:Miass_pond_2014_1.jpg, The Miass pond, Proletarskaya street. November 16, 2014.
File:Miass_pond_2014_2.jpg, The Miass pond, Proletarskaya street. November 16, 2014.
File:Miass_Proletarskaya_street_2014.jpg, The Miass, Proletarskaya street. November 16, 2014.
References
Notes
Sources
*
External links
Official website of MiassUnofficial website of Miass
{{Authority control
Cities and towns in Chelyabinsk Oblast
Naukograds