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Meyer Kayserling (also '' Meir'' or ''Moritz'', 17 June 1829 – 21 April 1905) was a German rabbi and historian.


Life

Kayserling was born in
Hanover Hanover (; german: Hannover ; nds, Hannober) is the capital and largest city of the German state of Lower Saxony. Its 535,932 (2021) inhabitants make it the 13th-largest city in Germany as well as the fourth-largest city in Northern Germany ...
, and was the brother of writer and educator Simon Kayserling. He was educated at
Halberstadt Halberstadt ( Eastphalian: ''Halverstidde'') is a town in the German state of Saxony-Anhalt, the capital of Harz district. Located north of the Harz mountain range, it is known for its old town center that was greatly destroyed by Allied bombi ...
, at
Nikolsburg Mikulov (; german: Nikolsburg; yi, ניקאלשבורג, ''Nikolshburg'') is a town in Břeclav District in the South Moravian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 7,400 inhabitants. The historic centre of Mikulov is well preserved and i ...
(Moravia) where he studied under
Samson Raphael Hirsch Samson Raphael Hirsch (; June 20, 1808 – December 31, 1888) was a German Orthodox rabbi best known as the intellectual founder of the '' Torah im Derech Eretz'' school of contemporary Orthodox Judaism. Occasionally termed ''neo-Orthodoxy'', hi ...
, at
Prague Prague ( ; cs, Praha ; german: Prag, ; la, Praga) is the capital and largest city in the Czech Republic, and the historical capital of Bohemia. On the Vltava river, Prague is home to about 1.3 million people. The city has a temperate ...
where he studied under S.J. Rapoport, at
Würzburg Würzburg (; Main-Franconian: ) is a city in the region of Franconia in the north of the German state of Bavaria. Würzburg is the administrative seat of the ''Regierungsbezirk'' Lower Franconia. It spans the banks of the Main River. Würzburg is ...
where he studied under
Seligman Baer Bamberger Seligman Baer (Isaac Dov) Bamberger (born Wiesenbronn, near Kitzingen, Bavaria, 6 November 1807; died Würzburg 13 October 1878) was a Talmudist and a leader of Orthodox Judaism in Germany. Between 1840 and his death he served as rabbi of Würzb ...
, and finally at the
Humboldt University of Berlin Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin (german: Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, abbreviated HU Berlin) is a German public research university in the central borough of Mitte in Berlin. It was established by Frederick William III on the initiative o ...
. He devoted himself to history and philosophy. Encouraged in historical researches in Berlin by
Leopold von Ranke Leopold von Ranke (; 21 December 1795 – 23 May 1886) was a German historian and a founder of modern source-based history. He was able to implement the seminar teaching method in his classroom and focused on archival research and the analysis of ...
, Kayserling turned his attention to the history and literature of the Jews of the Iberian Peninsula. In 1861 the government of
Aargau Aargau, more formally the Canton of Aargau (german: Kanton Aargau; rm, Chantun Argovia; french: Canton d'Argovie; it, Canton Argovia), is one of the 26 cantons forming the Swiss Confederation. It is composed of eleven districts and its capita ...
appointed him rabbi of the two Swiss Jewish municipalities of Endingen and Lengnau in Surbtal, an office he held until 1870. During his residence in Switzerland he argued in favor of civil equality for his coreligionists, and also maintained contacts with high-ranking Swiss politicians such as
Jakob Dubs Jakob Dubs (26 July 1822 – 13 January 1879) was a Swiss politician and member of the Swiss Federal Council (1861–1872). Along with Gustave Moynier and Guillaume-Henri Dufour Guillaume Henri Dufour (15 September 178714 July 1875) was a S ...
,
Emil Welti Friedrich Emil Welti (23 April 1825, in Zurzach – 24 February 1899, in Bern, called exclusively ''Emil Welti'') was a Swiss politician, lawyer and judge. From 1856 to 1866, he was a member of the government of the canton of Aargau and, beginning ...
, and
Augustin Keller Augustin Keller (10 November 1805, in Sarmenstorf, Aargau – 8 January 1883) was a Swiss politician and a co-founder of the Christian Catholic Church of Switzerland, the Old Catholic Church in Switzerland. He is considered to have started the ...
. Kayserling founded the Swiss Jewish Cultural Society (''Kulturverein der Israeliten in der Schweiz'') which campaigned for the civil rights of Jews in the Aargau region (achieved in 1879). In the Aargau, the Jewish communities were given special exemption from a law requiring that animals had to killed by a blow to the head. Proponents of
animal rights Animal rights is the philosophy according to which many or all sentient animals have moral worth that is independent of their utility for humans, and that their most basic interests—such as avoiding suffering—should be afforded the sa ...
attacked this exemption for the purposes of schechita. Kayserling (1869) published a pamphlet in defence of the practice. The society for animal rights and the Jewis community reached a compromise in 1889, which required the animals to be anasthesized before schechita. Nevertheless, the practice of schechita was outlawed in Switzerland in the first
popular initiative In political science, an initiative (also known as a popular initiative or citizens' initiative) is a means by which a petition signed by a certain number of registered voters can force a government to choose either to enact a law or hold a p ...
, in 1893.Alex Baur: "Streit ums Vieh". In: ''Die Weltwoche'' 51/09, 16 Dezember 2009. Bereits 1854 schrieb der Kanton Aargau die Tötung des Viehs mittels Kopfschlag gesetzlich vor. Davon ausgenommen waren jedoch die jüdischen Gemeinden von Lengnau und Endingen. Ihnen war das Schächten gestattet. In Genf fanden der «Thierschutzverein» und die Israelitische Gemeinde 1889 einen Kompromiss: Das Schlachtvieh musste beim Schächten betäubt werden. Dasselbe wurde schliesslich auch in der eidgenössischen Volksinitiative verlangt. In 1870, Kayserling accepted a call as preacher and rabbi to the Jewish community of Budapest, where he died 35 years later, aged 75. Kayserling was a member of the Royal Academy in Madrid and of the Trinity Historical Society.


Works

Kayserling contributed to the different Jewish magazines published in Hebrew, German, English, and French; he also issued a new revised edition of Hecht's ''Handbuch der Israelitischen Geschichte'' (1874; 7th ed., 1901). From 1884 he prepared the part of the ''Jahresberichte der Geschichtsforschung'' (Berlin) which treated Jewish history. Selected works: *1856, Moses Mendelssohn's Philosophische und Religiöse Grundsätze mit Hinblick auf Lessing, Leibzig *1859, Sephardim. Romanische Poesien der Juden in Spanien. Ein Beitrag zur Literatur und Geschichte der Spanisch-Portugiesischen Juden, Leibzig *1859, Ein Feiertag in Madrid. Zur Geschichte der Spanisch-Portugiesischen Juden, Berlin. *1861, Geschichte der Juden in Navarra, den Baskenländern und auf den Balearen, oder Geschichte der Juden in Spanien, I., Berlin. *1861, Menasse ben Israel. Sein Leben und Wirken. Zugleich ein Beitrag zur Geschichte der Juden in England, Berlin; English transl. by F. de Sola Mendes, London, 1877. *1862, Moses Mendelssohn. Sein Leben und Seine Werke, Leibzig; a second edition of this work, enlarged and revised, bears the title "Moses Mendelssohn. Sein Leben und Wirken," Leibzig, 1888. *1864, Der Dichter Ephraim Kuh. Ein Beitrag zur Geschichte der Deutschen Literatur, Berlin. *1866, Zum Siegesfeste. Dankpredigt und Danklieder von Moses Mendelssohn, Berlin. *1867, Geschichte der Juden in Portugal, Berlin. *1867, Die Rituale Schlachtfrage, oder Ist Schächten Thierquälerei? Aargau.
ub.uni-frankfurt.de
*1870-72, Bibliothek Jüdischer Kanzelredner. Eine Chronologische Sammlung der Predigten, Biographien und Charakteristiken der Vorzüglichsten Jüdischen Prediger. Nebst einem Homiletischen und Literarischen Beiblatte, 2 vols., Berlin. *1871, Die Judeninsel und der Schiffbruch bei Koblenz, Baden. *1879, Die Jüdischen Frauen in der Geschichte, Literatur und Kunst, Leibzig; translated into Hungarian by M. Reismann, Budapest, 1883. *1882, Das Moralgesetz des Judenthums in Beziehung auf Familie, Staat und Gesellschaft, published anonymously, Vienna. *1882, Die Blutbeschuldigung von Tisza-Eszlár Beleuchtet; also in Hungarian, Budapest. *1882, Der Wucher und das Judenthum; also in Hungarian, Budapest. *1883, Moses Mendelssohn. Ungedrucktes und Unbekanntes von Ihm und über Ihn, Leibzig. *1889, Refranos é Proverbios de los Judios Españoles, Budapest. *1890, Biblioteca Española-Portugueza-Judaica. Dictionnaire Bibliographique, Strasbourg. *1891, Dr. W. A. Meisel. Ein Lebens- und Zeitbild, Leibzig. *1891, Sterbetage aus Alter und Neuer Zeit, Prague. *1892, Gedenkblätter. Hervorragende Jüdische Persönlichkeiten des Neunzehnten Jahrhunderts. In Kurzen Charakteristiken, Leibzig. *1894, Christopher Columbus and the Participation of the Jews in the Spanish and Portuguese Discoveries, translated from the author's manuscript by Charles Gross, New York, 1894; German ed., Berlin, 1894; Hebrew transl., Warsaw, 1895. *1896, Die Jüdische Litteratur von Moses Mendelssohn bis auf die Gegenwart, reprinted from Winter and Wünsche, "Die Jüdische Litteratur seit Abschluss des Kanons," Treves. *1898,
Ludwig Philippson Ludwig Philippson (28 December 1811 – 29 December 1889) was a German rabbi and author. Early life and education Ludwig Philippson was born in Dessau, the son of , a printer, writer, teacher, translator, publisher and a member of the Haskalah. H ...
. Eine Biographie, Leibzig. *1898, Die Juden als Patrioten, a lecture, Berlin. *1901, Die Juden von Toledo, a lecture, Leibzig. *1902, Isaak Aboab III. Sein Leben und Seine Dichtungen, in Hebrew, Berdychev.


Reference Notes


Sources

*Cecil Roth: KAYSERLING, MEYER in: ''
Encyclopedia Judaica The ''Encyclopaedia Judaica'' is a 22-volume English-language encyclopedia of the Jewish people, Judaism, and Israel. It covers diverse areas of the Jewish world and civilization, including Jewish history of all eras, culture, holidays, langua ...
'' 9, 1972, p. 1106 . * Hans Lamm: Kayserling, Meyer. In: '' Neue Deutsche Biographie'' (NDB) 11, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1977, p. 386. *''Das Literarische Deutschland'', Berlin, 1887. *L. Philippson, ''Biography of Meyer Kayserling'' (1898). *W. A. Meisel, ''Ein Lebens-und Zeitbild'' … (1891). *M. Weisz, ''Bibliographie der Schriften Dr. M. Kayserlings'' (1929). *E. Neumann (ed.), ''Kayserling'' (1906).


External links

*''
Jewish Encyclopedia ''The Jewish Encyclopedia: A Descriptive Record of the History, Religion, Literature, and Customs of the Jewish People from the Earliest Times to the Present Day'' is an English-language encyclopedia containing over 15,000 articles on th ...
''
"Kayserling, Meyer"
by
Isidore Singer Isidore Singer (10 November 1859 – 20 February 1939) was an American encyclopedist and editor of ''The Jewish Encyclopedia'' and founder of the American League for the Rights of Man. Biography Singer was born in 1859 in Weisskirchen, M ...
(1906). *''
Encyclopaedia Judaica The ''Encyclopaedia Judaica'' is a 22-volume English-language encyclopedia of the Jewish people, Judaism, and Israel. It covers diverse areas of the Jewish world and civilization, including Jewish history of all eras, culture, holidays, langua ...
''
"Meyer Kayserling"
(2008). *
Literature by and about Meyer Kayserling in University Library JCS Frankfurt am Main: Digital Collections Judaica

Digitized works by Meyer Kayserling
at the
Leo Baeck Institute, New York The Leo Baeck Institute New York (LBI) is a research institute in New York City dedicated to the study of German-Jewish history and culture, founded in 1955. It is one of three independent research centers founded by a group of German-speaking J ...
{{DEFAULTSORT:Kayserling, Meyer 19th-century German rabbis 19th-century German historians Swiss rabbis Hungarian rabbis German Hispanists German expatriates in Switzerland German expatriates in Hungary Clergy from Hanover 1829 births 1905 deaths Contributors to the Jewish Encyclopedia German male non-fiction writers