![Metro cammel 1973 2013-09-20 14-10](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c4/Metro_cammel_1973_2013-09-20_14-10.jpg)
Metro-Cammell, formally the Metropolitan Cammell Carriage and Wagon Company (MCCW), was an English manufacturer of
railway carriages,
locomotives and
railway wagons, based in
Saltley
Saltley is an inner-city area of Birmingham, east of the city centre. The area is part of the Washwood Heath ward, and was previously part of the Nechells ward. It is part of the Ladywood constituency in the city.
History
Saltley was originally ...
, and subsequently
Washwood Heath
Washwood Heath is a ward in Birmingham, within the formal district of Hodge Hill, roughly two miles north-east of Birmingham city centre, England. Washwood Heath covers the areas of Birmingham that lie between Nechells, Bordesley Green, Stec ...
, in
Birmingham
Birmingham ( ) is a City status in the United Kingdom, city and metropolitan borough in the metropolitan county of West Midlands (county), West Midlands in England. It is the second-largest city in the United Kingdom with a population of 1. ...
. Purchased by
GEC Alsthom in May 1989, the Washwood Heath factory was closed in 2005.
The company designed and built trains for the railways in the United Kingdom and overseas, including the
Mass Transit Railway of Hong Kong,
Kowloon–Canton Railway
The Kowloon–Canton Railway (KCR; ) was a railway network in Hong Kong.Legislative Council information paper CB(1)357/07-08(0 THB(T) CR 8/986/00, CB(1)1749/07-08(0/ref> It was owned and operated by the Kowloon-Canton Railway Corporation (KCR ...
(now
East Rail line
The East Rail line () is one of ten lines of the Mass Transit Railway (MTR) system in Hong Kong. It used to be one of the three lines of the Kowloon–Canton Railway (KCR) network. It was known as the KCR British Section () from 1910 to 199 ...
), the
Channel Tunnel, and the
Tyne and Wear Metro
The Tyne and Wear Metro is an overground and underground light rail rapid transit system serving Newcastle upon Tyne, Gateshead, North Tyneside, South Tyneside, and the City of Sunderland (together forming Tyne and Wear). The network opened in ...
, and locomotives for Malaysia's
Keretapi Tanah Melayu
Keretapi Tanah Melayu Berhad (KTMB) (Jawi: كريتاڤي تانه ملايو برحد) or Malayan Railways Limited is the main rail operator in Peninsular Malaysia. The railway system dates back to the British colonial era, when it was firs ...
. Diesel and electric locomotives were manufactured for
South African Railways
Transnet Freight Rail is a South African rail transport company, formerly known as Spoornet. It was part of the South African Railways and Harbours Administration, a state-controlled organisation that employed hundreds of thousands of people ...
,
Nyasaland Railways
Malawi Railways was a government corporation that ran the national rail network of Malawi, Africa, until privatisation in 1999. With effect from 1 December 1999, the Central East African Railways consortium led by Railroad Development Corporati ...
, Malawi, Nigeria,
Trans-Zambezi Railway and Pakistan.
DMUs were supplied to
Jamaica Railway Corporation Kingston railway station, closed since 1992, as seen in 2007
The Railways of Jamaica, constructed from 1845, were the second British Colony after Canada's Champlain and St Lawrence Railroad of 1836 to receive a railway system.[National Railways of Mexico
National may refer to:
Common uses
* Nation or country
** Nationality – a ''national'' is a person who is subject to a nation, regardless of whether the person has full rights as a citizen
Places in the United States
* National, Maryland, c ...]
. The vast majority of
London Underground
The London Underground (also known simply as the Underground or by its nickname the Tube) is a rapid transit system serving Greater London and some parts of the adjacent counties of Buckinghamshire, Essex and Hertfordshire in England.
The ...
rolling stock manufactured in mid-20th century was produced by the company. It also designed and built the
Blue Pullman
Blue is one of the three primary colours in the RYB colour model (traditional colour theory), as well as in the RGB (additive) colour model. It lies between violet and cyan on the spectrum of visible light. The eye perceives blue when ob ...
for
British Railways.
History
Metropolitan Railway Carriage and Wagon Company Ltd
![Powerhouse Museum, Sydney - 2016-02-13 - Andy Mabbett - 35](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9f/Powerhouse_Museum%2C_Sydney_-_2016-02-13_-_Andy_Mabbett_-_35.jpg)
The company was formed in 1863 as the Metropolitan Railway Carriage and Wagon Company Ltd, successors to Messrs. Joseph Wright and Sons. Joseph Wright built coaches for the
London and Southampton Railway
The London and Southampton Railway was an early railway company between London and Southampton, in England. It opened in stages from 1838 to 1840 after a difficult construction period, but was commercially successful.
On preparing to serve Por ...
in 1837 and the
London and Birmingham Railway
The London and Birmingham Railway (L&BR) was a railway company in the United Kingdom, in operation from 1833 to 1846, when it became part of the London and North Western Railway (L&NWR).
The railway line which the company opened in 1838, betw ...
in 1838. In 1845, he moved the carriage works from London to Birmingham, where he purchased of meadowland in Saltley, adjacent to the
Birmingham and Derby Junction Railway
The Birmingham and Derby Junction Railway was a British railway company. From Birmingham it connected at Derby with the North Midland Railway and the Midland Counties Railway at what became known as the Tri Junct Station. It now forms part ...
line. In 1854, the company built the first 12 carriages for the
Sydney to Parramatta line, New South Wales, the first public railway in Australia, which opened in 1855. Several of those are now in the
Powerhouse Museum
The Powerhouse Museum is the major branch of the Museum of Applied Arts & Sciences (MAAS) in Sydney, the others being the historic Sydney Observatory at Observatory Hill, and the newer Museums Discovery Centre at Castle Hill. Although often de ...
in Sydney.
Metropolitan Amalgamated Railway Carriage and Wagon Company Ltd
In 1902, it merged with four other carriage and wagon builders:
Ashbury Railway Carriage and Iron Company Ltd
The Ashbury Carriage and Iron Company Limited was a manufacturer of railway rolling stock founded by John Ashbury in 1837 in Commercial Street, Knott Mill in Manchester, England, near the original terminus of the Sheffield, Ashton-under-Lyne an ...
.,
Brown, Marshalls and Company Ltd., Lancaster Railway Carriage and Wagon Company Ltd., and Oldbury Railway Carriage and Wagon Company Ltd., and became the Metropolitan Amalgamated Railway Carriage and Wagon Company Ltd.
![Water carrier for Mesopotamia](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/94/Water_carrier_for_Mesopotamia.jpg)
Metropolitan were contracted as a builder of the new tanks for the British Army during the First World War. They built all 400 of the
Mark V tank
The British Mark V tank was an upgraded version of the Mark IV tank.
The tank was improved in several aspects over the Mark IV, chiefly the new steering system, transmission and 150 bhp engine, but it fell short in other areas, particularl ...
and 700 improved Mark V* tanks. They were the most developed heavy tank designs to see service in the war.
In 1917, Metropolitan Railway Carriage and Wagon Company and
Vickers Limited
Vickers Limited was a British engineering conglomerate. The business began in Sheffield in 1828 as a steel foundry and became known for its church bells, going on to make shafts and propellers for ships, armour plate and then artillery. Entir ...
took joint control of
British Westinghouse. In 1919, Vickers bought out the Metropolitan shares and renamed the company
Metropolitan-Vickers
Metropolitan-Vickers, Metrovick, or Metrovicks, was a British heavy electrical engineering company of the early-to-mid 20th century formerly known as British Westinghouse. Highly diversified, it was particularly well known for its industrial el ...
. By 1926, they had changed their name again to Metropolitan Carriage, Wagon and Finance Company Ltd. In 1929, the railway rolling stock business of
Cammell Laird and Company
Cammell Laird is a British shipbuilding company. It was formed from the merger of Laird Brothers of Birkenhead and Johnson Cammell & Co of Sheffield at the turn of the twentieth century. The company also built railway rolling stock until 1929, ...
was merged as Metropolitan-Cammell Carriage and Wagon Company Ltd, the resulting company being part owned by Vickers and the Cammell Laird group.
MCCW also built bus bodies. In 1932,
Metro Cammell Weymann
Metro Cammell Weymann Ltd. (MCW) was once a major contributor in transportation manufacturing in the UK and Europe. It was established in 1932 by Metro-Cammell's bus bodybuilding division and Weymann Motor Bodies to produce bus bodies.
...
was formed by the MCCW's bus bodybuilding business and
Weymann Motor Bodies. In the
Second World War
World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposi ...
, Metro again built tanks, including the
Valentine tank
The Tank, Infantry, Mk III, Valentine was an infantry tank produced in the United Kingdom during World War II. More than 8,000 of the type were produced in eleven marks, plus various specialised variants, accounting for approximately a quarter ...
and
Light Tank Mk VIII
The Tank, Light, Mk VIII (A25), also known as the Harry Hopkins, after American President Roosevelt's chief diplomatic advisor, was a British light tank produced by Vickers-Armstrong during the Second World War. The Mk VIII was the last in the l ...
. The Saltley works was closed in 1962 and group administration concentrated at Washwood Heath in 1967.
Closure by Alstom
In May 1989, the railway business was sold to
GEC Alsthom (now
Alstom). The last trains to be built at the
Washwood Heath
Washwood Heath is a ward in Birmingham, within the formal district of Hodge Hill, roughly two miles north-east of Birmingham city centre, England. Washwood Heath covers the areas of Birmingham that lie between Nechells, Bordesley Green, Stec ...
plant before its closure in 2005 were the
Class 390 "Pendolino"
tilting train
A tilting train is a train that has a mechanism enabling increased speed on regular rail tracks. As a train (or other vehicle) rounds a curve at speed, objects inside the train experience centrifugal force. This can cause packages to slide ab ...
s for the
West Coast Main Line
The West Coast Main Line (WCML) is one of the most important railway corridors in the United Kingdom, connecting the major cities of London and Glasgow with branches to Birmingham, Liverpool, Manchester and Edinburgh. It is one of the busiest ...
modernisation.
Products
Heavy rail
*
Southern Railway "Brighton Belle" EMU
*
Southern Railway "Crystal Palace" EMU
*
Southern Railway "Coulsdon North & Sutton stock" EMU
*
LNER Tyneside electric units
The LNER electric units were electric multiple units that ran on the Tyneside Electrics, a suburban system based on the English city of Newcastle upon Tyne. In 1937 the London and North Eastern Railway (LNER) received articulated twin passenge ...
*
LNER Shenfield line electric units (driving motors and intermediate trailers only)
*
LNER Glossop line electric units (driving motors and intermediate trailers only)
*
The Blue Pullman
*
Metro-Cammell Lightweight "Heritage" diesel multiple unit
*
British Rail Class 101
The British Rail Classes 101 and 102 diesel mechanical multiple units were built by Metro-Cammell at Washwood Heath in Birmingham, England from 1956 to 1959, following construction of a series of prototype units. These classes proved to be som ...
"Heritage" diesel multiple unit
*
British Rail Class 111
The Class 111 DMUs were based on Class 101/2s, but with different engines. The only external body difference was on the final batch of cars where a four character headcode box was fitted above the front cab windows, with the destination indica ...
"Heritage" diesel multiple unit
*
British Rail Class 151
The British Rail Class 151 was a prototype class of diesel multiple unit (DMU) developed and constructed by the British railway equipment manufacturer Metro Cammell. It was designed primarily to serve as a successor to the earlier first-genera ...
diesel multiple unit
*
British Rail Class 156 "Super Sprinter" diesel multiple unit
*
British Rail Class 373
The British Rail Class 373 or TGV TMST, sometimes referred to as Eurostar e300, is a French designed and Anglo-French built electric multiple unit train that is used for Eurostar international high-speed rail services from the United Kingdom to ...
"TGV" electric multiple unit
*
British Rail Class 465
The British Rail Class 465 '' Networker'' is a class of 147 electric multiple units built by Metro-Cammell, British Rail Engineering Limited (BREL) and ABB Rail between 1991 and 1994. Originally operated by Network South East, these units are ...
/2 "Networker" electric multiple unit
*
British Rail Class 466
The British Rail Class 466 '' Networker'' are a fleet of 43 electric multiple units that were built by Metro-Cammell in 1993 and 1994. The units are currently operated by Southeastern.
Description
The Class 466 EMUs were built between 1993 and ...
"Networker" electric multiple unit
*
British Rail Class 483
The British Rail Class 483 electric multiple units were originally built as 1938 tube stock units for London Underground. They were extensively refurbished between 1989 and 1992 by Eastleigh Works, for use on services on the Isle of Wight's Isl ...
electric multiple unit (Originally constructed as
London Underground 1938 Stock
The London Underground 1938 Stock was a London Underground tube stock design. A total of 1,121 cars were built by Metro-Cammell and Birmingham RC&W. An additional 173 cars were added to the fleet by the end of 1953, comprising 91 new bui ...
)
*
British Rail Class 503
British Rail Class 503 trains were electric multiple units. They were introduced in two batches. The first were in 1938, by the London, Midland and Scottish Railway (LMS) with a further batch (built to a similar design) in 1956 by the then nat ...
electric multiple unit
*
British Rail Mark 4
The British Rail Mark 4 is a class of passenger carriages built for use in InterCity 225 sets on the East Coast Main Line between King's Cross, Leeds and Edinburgh. Withdrawals began in 2019, with some being sold for further use with Transp ...
coaching stock
*
Arlanda Express
Arlanda Express is an airport rail link connecting Stockholm Central Station with the Stockholm Arlanda Airport outside Stockholm, Sweden. Operated by A-Train AB, the trip takes 18 minutes and runs four to six times per hour using seven X3 ele ...
(
X3) electric multiple unit
*
Via Rail
Via Rail Canada Inc. (), operating as Via Rail or Via, is a Canadian Crown corporation that is mandated to operate intercity passenger rail service in Canada. It receives an annual subsidy from Transport Canada to offset the cost of operating ...
Renaissance Fleet
*
MTR Metro Cammell EMU (AC) (
East Rail line
The East Rail line () is one of ten lines of the Mass Transit Railway (MTR) system in Hong Kong. It used to be one of the three lines of the Kowloon–Canton Railway (KCR) network. It was known as the KCR British Section () from 1910 to 199 ...
, Hong Kong – formerly operated by
Kowloon–Canton Railway
The Kowloon–Canton Railway (KCR; ) was a railway network in Hong Kong.Legislative Council information paper CB(1)357/07-08(0 THB(T) CR 8/986/00, CB(1)1749/07-08(0/ref> It was owned and operated by the Kowloon-Canton Railway Corporation (KCR ...
, leased to MTR post-merger)
Rapid transit
London Underground
*
London Underground Standard Stock
The Standard Stock title was applied to a variety of Tube stock built between 1923 and 1934, all of which shared the same basic characteristics, but with some detailed differences. This design is sometimes referred to as 1923 Tube Stock, 1923 St ...
(Bakerloo, Central, Piccadilly, Northern lines)
*
London Underground 1935 Stock
The London Underground 1935 Stock was an experimental train design by Metropolitan Cammell in London. Twelve two-car units, marshalled into four six-car trains, were built. They served as the prototypes for the later 1938 Stock.
Three of the ...
(Central line)
*
London Underground 1938 Stock
The London Underground 1938 Stock was a London Underground tube stock design. A total of 1,121 cars were built by Metro-Cammell and Birmingham RC&W. An additional 173 cars were added to the fleet by the end of 1953, comprising 91 new bui ...
(Northern, Bakerloo, Piccadilly, East London and Central lines)
*
London Underground R49 & R59 Stock (District line)
*
London Underground 1959 Stock (Piccadilly line, then Bakerloo and Northern line)
*
London Underground 1962 Stock
The London Underground 1962 Stock was a type of London Underground tube train built for use on the Central line. They were used on the Central line between 1962 and 1995, with some later being transferred to the Northern line where they were us ...
(Central line)
*
London Underground 1967 Stock
The London Underground 1967 Stock was a type of deep-level train that operated on the Victoria line of the London Underground from the line's opening on 1 September 1968 until 30 June 2011. It was also used on the Central line between Woodford ...
(Victoria line)
*
London Underground C69 and C77 Stock
The London Underground C69 and C77 Stock, commonly referred to as the C Stock, was a type of sub-surface rolling stock used on the Circle, District and Hammersmith & City (formerly Metropolitan) lines of the London Underground between 1970 and ...
(Circle, District and
Hammersmith & City Lines)
*
London Underground 1972 Stock
The London Underground 1972 Stock is a type of rolling stock used on the London Underground. The 1972 Stock was originally ordered to make up the shortfall in trains on the Northern line's 1959 Tube Stock fleet, but is nowadays used on the Bake ...
(Bakerloo line)
*
London Underground 1973 Stock
The London Underground 1973 Stock is a type of rolling stock used on the Piccadilly line of the London Underground. It was introduced into service in 1975 with the extension of the line to Hatton Cross, followed by a further extension to Hea ...
(Piccadilly line)
*
London Underground D78 Stock
The London Underground D78 Stock, commonly referred to as D Stock, was a type of sub-surface rolling stock which operated on the District line of the London Underground, except on the Wimbledon to Edgware Road service. The first units were wit ...
(District line)
*
London Underground 1983 Stock (Jubilee line)
*
London Underground 1986 Stock (Central line)
*
London Underground 1995 Stock
The London Underground 1995 Stock is a type of rolling stock used on the Northern line of the London Underground. A total of 106 six-car trains were built, entering service between June 1998 and April 2001, replacing the 1959 Stock, 1962 Stoc ...
(Northern line)
*
London Underground 1996 Stock
The London Underground 1996 Stock is a type of rolling stock used on the Jubilee line of the London Underground. The trains were built by GEC Alsthom-Metro-Cammell and entered service in 1997. They are similar to the 1995 Stock used on the Nor ...
(Jubilee line)
*
London Underground battery-electric locomotives
Other systems
*
Glasgow Subway rolling stock (
Glasgow Subway, Scotland)
*
Tyne and Wear Metrocar
The Tyne and Wear Metrocars are a fleet of light rail vehicles manufactured by Metro-Cammell for the Tyne and Wear Metro in North East England between 1978 and 1981. For operation on Network Rail controlled tracks between Pelaw Junction and ...
s (
Tyne & Wear Metro
The Tyne and Wear Metro is an overground and underground light rail rapid transit system serving Newcastle upon Tyne, Gateshead, North Tyneside, South Tyneside, and the City of Sunderland (together forming Tyne and Wear). The network opened in ...
, England)
*
MTR Metro Cammell EMU (DC)
The Metro Cammell EMU (also known as M-Train or Modernisation Train) () is the oldest variation of electric multiple unit that operates on the MTR rapid transit railway system in Hong Kong. A total of 768 cars were built by Metro-Cammell in ...
(
Kwun Tong line
The Kwun Tong line is a heavy-rail rapid transit line of the MTR network in Hong Kong, coloured green on the MTR map. Starting at Whampoa station, Whampoa in Hung Hom and ending at Tiu Keng Leng station, Tiu Keng Leng in Tseung Kwan O, S ...
,
Tsuen Wan line
The Tsuen Wan line is one of the eleven lines of the metro network in Hong Kong's MTR. It is indicated in red on the MTR map.
There are 16 stations on the line. The southern terminus is Central station on Hong Kong Island and the no ...
,
Island line Island Line or Island line may refer to:
* Island line (MTR), one of the lines of the MTR metro system in Hong Kong
* Island Line, Isle of Wight, a railway line on the Isle of Wight, England
** Island Line (brand)
Island Line is a brand of the ...
,
Tseung Kwan O line
The Tseung Kwan O line is one of the eleven lines of the MTR system in Hong Kong, indicated by the colour purple. It is currently long, taking 15 minutes to travel throughout the entire line.
The line runs from North Point on the Hong Kong Is ...
,
Disneyland Resort line
The Disneyland Resort line is a heavy rail MTR line connecting Sunny Bay to the Hong Kong Disneyland Resort, coloured pink on the network diagram. It is the seventh line of the former MTR network before the merger of MTR and KCR, and the w ...
, Hong Kong – operated by
MTR)
*
Birmingham Maglev (
Birmingham International Airport
Birmingham Airport , formerly ''Birmingham International Airport'', is an international airport located east-southeast of Birmingham city centre, west-northwest of Coventry slightly north of Bickenhill village, in the Metropolitan Boroug ...
– 3 carriages built, in service from 1984–1995)
References
Bibliography
*
*
*
* {{Cite book
, title=The 'R' Stock Story
, last=Connor
, first=Piers
, year=1983
, publisher=London Underground Railway Society
, location=Hemel Hempstead
, isbn=0-9508793-0-4
External links
MCW archives at the Historical Model Railway Society, at Butterley in DerbyshireMetro-Cammell website
Locomotive manufacturers of the United Kingdom
Defunct manufacturing companies of the United Kingdom
Former defence companies of the United Kingdom
Defunct bus manufacturers of the United Kingdom
Rolling stock manufacturers of the United Kingdom
1925 establishments in England
2005 disestablishments in England
Manufacturing companies based in Birmingham, West Midlands
Defunct companies based in Birmingham, West Midlands
United Kingdom in World War I
History of the tank
United Kingdom in World War II
British companies disestablished in 2005
British companies established in 1925
1989 mergers and acquisitions