__NOTOC__
The Mesosemiini are one of the
tribe
The term tribe is used in many different contexts to refer to a category of human social group. The predominant worldwide usage of the term in English is in the discipline of anthropology. This definition is contested, in part due to confl ...
s of metalmark
butterflies
Butterflies are insects in the macrolepidopteran clade Rhopalocera from the order Lepidoptera, which also includes moths. Adult butterflies have large, often brightly coloured wings, and conspicuous, fluttering flight. The group comprises t ...
(
family
Family (from la, familia) is a group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the family is to maintain the well-being of its members and of society. Idea ...
Riodinidae). They are the
basal
Basal or basilar is a term meaning ''base'', ''bottom'', or ''minimum''.
Science
* Basal (anatomy), an anatomical term of location for features associated with the base of an organism or structure
* Basal (medicine), a minimal level that is nec ...
most living tribe of the
Riodininae
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Riodininae is the largest of the three subfamilies within the metalmark butterfly family, Riodinidae.
Classification
Riodininae contains the following tribes:
* Befrostiini Grishin, 2019
* Calydnini Seraphim, Freitas & Kaminski, 2018 ...
, outside the main radiation together with the slightly more advanced
Eurybiini.
Genera
As numerous Riodinidae genera have not yet been unequivocally assigned to a tribe, the genus list is preliminary.
In each subtribe, the genera are arranged in
phylogenetic
In biology, phylogenetics (; from Greek φυλή/ φῦλον [] "tribe, clan, race", and wikt:γενετικός, γενετικός [] "origin, source, birth") is the study of the evolutionary history and relationships among or within groups o ...
sequence, from the most
plesiomorphic to the most
apomorphic.
Subtribe Mesosemiina
*''
Eunogyra''
*''
Teratophthalma''
*''
Mesosemia''
*''
Leucochimona''
*''
Semomesia
''Semomesia'' is a genus
Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In the hierarchy of biologi ...
''
*''
Mesophthalma''
*''
Perophthalma
:''Eyemark is also a term used for the CBS network's longtime Eye Device logo.''
''Perophthalma'' is a very small butterfly genus in the family Riodinidae. The genus comprises only two species, both found only in Central and South America
...
''
Subtribe Napaeina
*''
Hyphilaria''
*''
Napaea'' - includes ''Cremna''
*''
Voltinia'' - includes ''Eucorna''
*''
Ionotus'' - formerly in ''Cremna''
*''
Hermathena''
*''
Ithomiola
''Ithomiola'' is a butterfly genus in the butterfly family Riodinidae present only in the Neotropical realm.
Species
*'' Ithomiola buckleyi'' Hall & Willmott, 1998 present in Ecuador and Peru
*'' Ithomiola callixena'' (Hewitson, 1870 present i ...
''
Some notable Mesosemiini species from the Amazon[Garwood ''et al.'' (2007)]
Mesosemiina
* ''
Mesophthalma idotea''
Westwood, 1851
* ''
Mesosemia anthaerice''
(Hewitson, 1859)
* ''
Mesosemia asa
''Mesosemia'' is a genus in the butterfly family Riodinidae present only in the Neotropical realm.
This genus rather closely approximates the genus '' Eurybia'', though it is by no means so uniform. Also here there is in most of the species alm ...
''
* ''
Mesosemia calypso
''Mesosemia'' is a genus in the butterfly family Riodinidae present only in the Neotropical realm.
This genus rather closely approximates the genus '' Eurybia'', though it is by no means so uniform. Also here there is in most of the species a ...
''
* ''
Mesosemia cippus
''Mesosemia'' is a genus in the butterfly family Riodinidae present only in the Neotropical realm.
This genus rather closely approximates the genus '' Eurybia'', though it is by no means so uniform. Also here there is in most of the species alm ...
''
* ''
Mesosemia coea''
(Hübner, 1819)
* ''
Mesosemia eumene
''Mesosemia'' is a genus in the butterfly family Riodinidae present only in the Neotropical realm.
This genus rather closely approximates the genus '' Eurybia'', though it is by no means so uniform. Also here there is in most of the species a ...
''
* ''
Mesosemia euphyne''
(Cramer, 1777)
* ''
Mesosemia hyphaea''
* ''
Mesosemia ibycus
''Mesosemia'' is a genus in the butterfly family Riodinidae present only in the Neotropical realm.
This genus rather closely approximates the genus '' Eurybia'', though it is by no means so uniform. Also here there is in most of the species a ...
''
(Hewitson, 1859)
** ''Mesosemia ibycus parishi''
* ''
Mesosemia macella
''Mesosemia'' is a genus in the butterfly family Riodinidae present only in the Neotropical realm.
This genus rather closely approximates the genus '' Eurybia'', though it is by no means so uniform. Also here there is in most of the species alm ...
''
Hewitson, 1859
* ''
Mesosemia magete''
* ''
Mesosemia melaene
''Mesosemia'' is a genus in the butterfly family Riodinidae present only in the Neotropical realm.
This genus rather closely approximates the genus '' Eurybia'', though it is by no means so uniform. Also here there is in most of the species alm ...
''
* ''
Mesosemia melese
''Mesosemia'' is a genus in the butterfly family Riodinidae present only in the Neotropical realm.
This genus rather closely approximates the genus '' Eurybia'', though it is by no means so uniform. Also here there is in most of the species alm ...
''
Hewitson, 1860
* ''
Mesosemia melpia
''Mesosemia'' is a genus in the butterfly family Riodinidae present only in the Neotropical realm.
This genus rather closely approximates the genus '' Eurybia'', though it is by no means so uniform. Also here there is in most of the species alm ...
''
* ''
Mesosemia messeis
''Mesosemia'' is a genus in the butterfly family Riodinidae present only in the Neotropical realm.
This genus rather closely approximates the genus '' Eurybia'', though it is by no means so uniform. Also here there is in most of the species alm ...
''
* ''
Mesosemia methion
''Mesosemia'' is a genus in the butterfly family Riodinidae present only in the Neotropical realm.
This genus rather closely approximates the genus '' Eurybia'', though it is by no means so uniform. Also here there is in most of the species a ...
''
* ''
Mesosemia metope
''Mesosemia'' is a genus in the butterfly family Riodinidae present only in the Neotropical realm.
This genus rather closely approximates the genus '' Eurybia'', though it is by no means so uniform. Also here there is in most of the species alm ...
''
* ''
Mesosemia minos
''Mesosemia'' is a genus in the butterfly family Riodinidae present only in the Neotropical realm.
This genus rather closely approximates the genus '' Eurybia'', though it is by no means so uniform. Also here there is in most of the species a ...
''
* ''
Mesosemia philocles
''Mesosemia'' is a genus in the butterfly family Riodinidae present only in the Neotropical realm.
This genus rather closely approximates the genus '' Eurybia'', though it is by no means so uniform. Also here there is in most of the species alm ...
''
(Linnaeus, 1758)
* ''
Mesosemia sifia
''Mesosemia'' is a genus in the butterfly family Riodinidae present only in the Neotropical realm.
This genus rather closely approximates the genus '' Eurybia'', though it is by no means so uniform. Also here there is in most of the species alm ...
''
* ''
Mesosemia steli
''Mesosemia'' is a genus in the butterfly family Riodinidae present only in the Neotropical realm.
This genus rather closely approximates the genus '' Eurybia'', though it is by no means so uniform. Also here there is in most of the species alm ...
''
(Hewitson, 1857)
* ''
Mesosemia tenura
''Mesosemia'' is a genus in the butterfly family Riodinidae present only in the Neotropical realm.
This genus rather closely approximates the genus '' Eurybia'', though it is by no means so uniform. Also here there is in most of the species a ...
''
* ''
Mesosemia thymetina
''Semomesia croesus'', also known as the Croesus eyemark, is a species of butterfly in the family Riodinidae. It is found in most of South America
South America is a continent entirely in the Western Hemisphere and mostly in the Sout ...
''
* ''
Mesosemia ulrica
''Mesosemia'' is a genus in the butterfly family Riodinidae present only in the Neotropical realm.
This genus rather closely approximates the genus '' Eurybia'', though it is by no means so uniform. Also here there is in most of the species a ...
''
* ''
Perophthalma tullius
:''Eyemark is also a term used for the CBS network's longtime Eye Device logo.''
''Perophthalma'' is a very small butterfly genus in the family Riodinidae. The genus comprises only two species, both found only in Central and South America
...
''
(Fabricius, 1782)
Napaeina
* ''
Hyphilaria anophthalma''
* ''
Hyphilaria parthensis''
(Westwood, 1851)
* ''
Hyphilaria thasus''
* ''
Napaea actoris''
(Cramer, 1776)
* ''
Napaea eucharila
Napaea may refer to:
* ''Napaea'' (butterfly), a metalmark butterflies genus in the subfamily Mesosemiini and the family Riodinidae
* ''Napaea'' (plant), a flowering plant genus in the family Malvaceae
Species
* ''Boloria napaea'', the mountai ...
''
(Bates, 1867)
* ''
Napaea nepos
Napaea may refer to:
* ''Napaea'' (butterfly), a metalmark butterflies genus in the subfamily Mesosemiini and the family Riodinidae
* ''Napaea'' (plant), a flowering plant genus in the family Malvaceae
Species
* ''Boloria napaea'', the mountai ...
''
Footnotes
References
* (2007):
Tree of Life Web Project Mesosemiini Bates, 1859 Version of 2007-JUN-04. Retrieved 2008-JUL-07.
* (2007): ''Butterflies of Southern Amazonia''. Neotropical Butterflies, Mission, Texas.
* (2008)
Version of 2008-FEB-23. Retrieved 2008-JUL-07.
Riodininae
Taxa named by Henry Walter Bates
Butterfly tribes
{{Riodinidae-stub