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The Mesosemiini are one of the
tribe
The term tribe is used in many different contexts to refer to a category of human social group. The predominant worldwide usage of the term in English is in the discipline of anthropology. This definition is contested, in part due to confli ...
s of metalmark
butterflies (
family
Family (from la, familia) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the family is to maintain the well-being of its ...
Riodinidae
Riodinidae is the family of metalmark butterflies. The common name "metalmarks" refers to the small, metallic-looking spots commonly found on their wings. The 1532 species are placed in 146 genera. Although mostly Neotropical in distribution, t ...
). They are the
basalmost living tribe of the
Riodininae
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Riodininae is the largest of the three subfamilies within the metalmark butterfly family, Riodinidae.
Classification
Riodininae contains the following tribes:
* Befrostiini Grishin, 2019
* Calydnini Seraphim, Freitas & Kaminski, 201 ...
, outside the main radiation together with the slightly more advanced
Eurybiini
The Eurybiini are a small tribe of metalmark butterflies (family Riodinidae). They are one of the basal tribes of the Riodininae, outside the main radiation but not quite as primitive as the Mesosemiini. Though numerous Riodinidae genera have n ...
.
Genera
As numerous Riodinidae genera have not yet been unequivocally assigned to a tribe, the genus list is preliminary.
In each subtribe, the genera are arranged in
phylogenetic
In biology, phylogenetics (; from Greek φυλή/ φῦλον [] "tribe, clan, race", and wikt:γενετικός, γενετικός [] "origin, source, birth") is the study of the evolutionary history and relationships among or within groups o ...
sequence, from the most
plesiomorph
In phylogenetics, a plesiomorphy ("near form") and symplesiomorphy are synonyms for an ancestral character shared by all members of a clade, which does not distinguish the clade from other clades.
Plesiomorphy, symplesiomorphy, apomorphy, a ...
ic to the most
apomorph
In phylogenetics, an apomorphy (or derived trait) is a novel character or character state that has evolved from its ancestral form (or plesiomorphy). A synapomorphy is an apomorphy shared by two or more taxa and is therefore hypothesized to have ...
ic.
Some notable Mesosemiini species from the Amazon[Garwood ''et al.'' (2007)]
Mesosemiina
* ''
Mesophthalma idotea''
Westwood, 1851
* ''
Mesosemia anthaerice''
(Hewitson, 1859)
* ''
Mesosemia asa''
* ''
Mesosemia calypso''
* ''
Mesosemia cippus''
* ''
Mesosemia coea''
(Hübner, 1819)
* ''
Mesosemia eumene''
* ''
Mesosemia euphyne''
(Cramer, 1777)
* ''
Mesosemia hyphaea''
* ''
Mesosemia ibycus''
(Hewitson, 1859)
** ''Mesosemia ibycus parishi''
* ''
Mesosemia macella''
Hewitson, 1859
* ''
Mesosemia magete''
* ''
Mesosemia melaene''
* ''
Mesosemia melese''
Hewitson, 1860
* ''
Mesosemia melpia''
* ''
Mesosemia messeis''
* ''
Mesosemia methion''
* ''
Mesosemia metope''
* ''
Mesosemia minos''
* ''
Mesosemia philocles''
(Linnaeus, 1758)
* ''
Mesosemia sifia''
* ''
Mesosemia steli''
(Hewitson, 1857)
* ''
Mesosemia tenura''
* ''
Mesosemia thymetina''
* ''
Mesosemia ulrica''
* ''
Perophthalma tullius''
(Fabricius, 1782)
Napaeina
* ''
Hyphilaria anophthalma''
* ''
Hyphilaria parthensis''
(Westwood, 1851)
* ''
Hyphilaria thasus''
* ''
Napaea actoris''
(Cramer, 1776)
* ''
Napaea eucharila''
(Bates, 1867)
* ''
Napaea nepos''
Footnotes
References
* (2007):
Tree of Life Web Project
The Tree of Life Web Project is an Internet project providing information about the diversity and phylogeny of life on Earth.
This collaborative peer reviewed project began in 1995, and is written by biologists from around the world. The site ...
Mesosemiini Bates, 1859 Version of 2007-JUN-04. Retrieved 2008-JUL-07.
* (2007): ''Butterflies of Southern Amazonia''. Neotropical Butterflies, Mission, Texas.
* (2008)
Version of 2008-FEB-23. Retrieved 2008-JUL-07.
Riodininae
Taxa named by Henry Walter Bates
Butterfly tribes
{{Riodinidae-stub