''Melanogaster'' ("''black-bellied''") may refer to the following organisms:
* Genera:
**
''Melanogaster'' (fungus), a genus of false truffles
**
''Melanogaster'' (fly), a genus of hoverflies
* Species:
** ''
Drosophila melanogaster'', a species of fruit fly, widespread and also important in research
** ''
Acheilognathus melanogaster
''Acheilognathus melanogaster'' is a species of brackish, freshwater ray-finned fish in the genus '' Acheilognathus''. It is endemic to Japan
Japan ( ja, 日本, or , and formally , ''Nihonkoku'') is an island country in East Asia. It ...
'', a species of brackish-freshwater ray-finned fish in Japan
** ''Anhinga melanogaster'', the
Oriental darter (snakebird), a water bird of tropical South Asia and Southeast Asia
** ''Turnix melanogaster'', the
black-breasted buttonquail (a rare bird in Australia)
{{Genus disambiguation