Akshamsaddin (Muhammad Shams al-Din bin Hamzah, tr, Akşemseddin) (1389,

Damascus )), is an adjective which means "spacious". , motto = , image_flag = Flag of Damascus.svg , image_seal = Emblem of Damascus.svg , seal_type = Seal , map_caption = , ...

– 16 February 1459,

Göynük Göynük is a town in Bolu Province in the Black Sea region of Turkey. It is the seat of Göynük District.Bolu), was an influential Ottoman

Sunni Sunni Islam () is the largest branch of Islam, followed by 85–90% of the world's Muslims. Its name comes from the word '' Sunnah'', referring to the tradition of Muhammad. The differences between Sunni and Shia Muslims arose from a disagr ...

Muslim scholar, poet, and mystic

saint In religious belief, a saint is a person who is recognized as having an exceptional degree of Q-D-Š, holiness, likeness, or closeness to God. However, the use of the term ''saint'' depends on the context and Christian denomination, denominat ...

Biography

He was the grandson of Shahab al-Din al-Suhrawardi and a descendant of

Abu Bakr al-Siddiq Abu Bakr Abdallah ibn Uthman Abi Quhafa (; – 23 August 634) was the senior companion and was, through his daughter Aisha, a father-in-law of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, as well as the first caliph of Islam. He is known with the honorif ...

. He was an influential tutor and adviser to Sultan Mehmed the Conqueror. After completing his work with his master Sheikh

Hacı Bayram-ı Veli Haji Bayram Veli or Wali ( ar, الحاج بيرم ولي) (1352–1430) was an Ottoman poet, Sufi saint, and the founder of the Bayrami Order.Levine, Lynn A. (editor) (2006) "Hacı Bayram Mosque (Hacı Bayram Camii)" ''Frommer's Turkey'' ...

, he founded the Shamsiyya-

Bayramiyya Bayrami, Bayramiye, Bayramiyya, Bayramiyye, and Bayramilik refer to a Turkish Sufi order (tariqah) founded by Hajji Bayram ''(Hacı Bayram-ı Veli)'' in Ankara around the year 1400 as a combination of Khalwatī, Naqshbandī, and Akbarī Sufi ...

Sufi Sufism ( ar, ''aṣ-ṣūfiyya''), also known as Tasawwuf ( ''at-taṣawwuf''), is a mystic body of religious practice, found mainly within Sunni Islam but also within Shia Islam, which is characterized by a focus on Islamic spirituality, ...

order. He discovered the lost grave of

Abu Ayyub al-Ansari Abu Ayyub al-Ansari ( ar, أبو أيوب الأنصاري, Abū Ayyūb al-Anṣārī, tr, Ebu Eyyûb el-Ensarî, died c. 674) — born Khalid ibn Zayd ibn Kulayb ibn Tha'laba ( ar, خالد ابن زيد ابن كُليب ابن ثعلبه, Kh ...

(the

companion Companion may refer to: Relationships Currently * Any of several interpersonal relationships such as friend or acquaintance * A domestic partner, akin to a spouse * Sober companion, an addiction treatment coach * Companion (caregiving), a caregive ...

of Muhammad) in Constantinople preceding the Siege of Constantinople. In addition to his fame in religious sciences and Tasawwuf, Akshemsaddin was popular in the fields of medicine and

pharmacology Pharmacology is a branch of medicine, biology and pharmaceutical sciences concerned with drug or medication action, where a drug may be defined as any artificial, natural, or endogenous (from within the body) molecule which exerts a biochemica ...

. There is not much reference to how he acquired this knowledge, but the Orientalist Elias John Wilkinson Gibb notes in his work ''History of Ottoman Poetry'' that Akshamsaddin learned from Haji Bayram Wali during his years with him. Akshamsaddin was also knowledgeable in the treatment of

psychological Psychology is the scientific study of mind and behavior. Psychology includes the study of conscious and unconscious phenomena, including feelings and thoughts. It is an academic discipline of immense scope, crossing the boundaries between t ...

and

spiritual disorder Spiritual is the adjective for spirit. Spiritual may also refer to: Religion *Spirituality, a concern with matters of the spirit **Spiritual attack, an attack by Satan and his demons on a Christian **Spiritual body, a Christian term for resurrec ...

s.İslam Ansiklopedisi, v. 1, p. 320 Akshamsaddin mentioned the

microbe A microorganism, or microbe,, ''mikros'', "small") and ''organism'' from the el, ὀργανισμός, ''organismós'', "organism"). It is usually written as a single word but is sometimes hyphenated (''micro-organism''), especially in olde ...

in his work ''Maddat ul-Hayat'' (The Material of Life) about two centuries prior to

Antonie van Leeuwenhoek Antonie Philips van Leeuwenhoek ( ; ; 24 October 1632 – 26 August 1723) was a Dutch microbiologist and microscopist in the Golden Age of Dutch science and technology. A largely self-taught man in science, he is commonly known as " the ...

's discovery through experimentation:

Works

* Risalat an-Nuriya * Khall-e Mushkilat * Maqamat-e Awliya * Kitab ut-Tib * Maddat ul-Hayat

References

Abu Ayyub al-Ansari Abu Bakr Bayramiye order Turkish Muslims 15th-century Muslim scholars of Islam 15th-century Muslim theologians Ottoman Sufis Turkish Sufis Sunni Sufis Sunni Muslim scholars 15th-century writers from the Ottoman Empire 1389 births 1459 deaths Microbiology 15th-century poets from the Ottoman Empire Mehmed the Conqueror Male poets from the Ottoman Empire Scholars of the Ottoman Empire {{Ottoman-bio-stub