Matupiri State Park ( pt, Parque Estadual do Matupiri) is a
state park
State parks are parks or other protected areas managed at the sub-national level within those nations which use "state" as a political subdivision. State parks are typically established by a state to preserve a location on account of its natural ...
in the state of
Amazonas, Brazil.
It protects a rich area of Amazon rainforest and an ecologically important area of woodland savanna along the
Matupiri River
The Matupiri River ( pt, Rio Matupiri) is a river of Amazonas state in north-western Brazil.
It is a tributary of the Igapó-Açu River.
Course
The Matupiri River forms in the Rio Amapá Sustainable Development Reserve where the Jutaí and ...
.
Unusually for a state park, it includes an "indigenous special use zone" that allows the
Mura people
The Muras are an indigenous people who live in the central and eastern parts of Amazonas, Brazil, along the Amazon river from the Madeira to the Purus. They played an important part in Brazilian history during colonial times and were known for t ...
to continue to fish and extract forest products, as they have for many generations.
Location
![Purus Madeira Interfluvial UCs](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/41/Purus_Madeira_Interfluvial_UCs.svg)
Matupiri State Park is divided between the municipalities of
Borba (9.95%) and
Manicoré
Manicoré is a municipality located in the south-east of the Brazilian state of Amazonas.
Location
The population of Manicoré was 56,583 (2020) and its area is 48,282 km2. The town is located on the banks of the Madeira River about downst ...
(90.05%) in the state of Amazonas.
It has an area of .
The park is to the south of the
BR-319 highway.
It is in the Médio Madeira microregion of Amazonas.
The park is in the
Purus -
Madeira
)
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, song_type = Regional anthem
, image_map=EU-Portugal_with_Madeira_circled.svg
, map_alt=Location of Madeira
, map_caption=Location of Madeira
, subdivision_type=Sovereign st ...
inter-fluvial region, in the basins of the
Matupiri and
Amapá
Amapá () is one of the 26 states of Brazil. It is in the northern region of Brazil. It is the second least populous state and the eighteenth largest by area. Located in the far northern part of the country, Amapá is bordered clockwise by Fr ...
rivers.
The Matupiri river runs through the centre of the park from southwest to northeast, and provides the main way to access the interior of the park.
To the southeast it adjoins the
Rio Madeira Sustainable Development Reserve
The Rio Madeira Sustainable Development Reserve ( pt, Reserva de Desenvolvimento Sustentável do Rio Madeira) is a Sustainable development reserve (Brazil), sustainable development reserve in the state of Amazonas (Brazilian state), Amazonas, Braz ...
.
To the south it adjoins the PAE Jenipapo settlement.
To the southwest it is bounded by the AM-464 highway, and borders the
Rio Amapá Sustainable Development Reserve
The Rio Amapá Sustainable Development Reserve ( pt, Reserva de Desenvolvimento Sustentável do Rio Amapá is a sustainable development reserve in the state of Amazonas, Brazil.
Location
The Rio Amapá Sustainable Development Reserve is in the ...
.
To the north it borders the
Igapó-Açu Sustainable Development Reserve
The Igapó-Açu Sustainable Development Reserve ( pt, Reserva de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Igapó-Açu) is a sustainable development reserve in the state of Amazonas, Brazil. It is part of a "green barrier" created to prevent deforestation al ...
, which contains the zone affected by BR-319.
To the northeast it adjoins the Cunhã-Sapucaia Indigenous Territory and the
Matupiri Sustainable Development Reserve
The Matupiri Sustainable Development Reserve ( pt, Reserva de Desenvolvimento Sustentável do Matupiri) is a sustainable development reserve in the state of Amazonas, Brazil.
Location
The Matupiri Sustainable Development Reserve is in the munic ...
.
Environment
The park is part of an important ecological corridor in the region between the Purus and
Madeira
)
, anthem = ( en, "Anthem of the Autonomous Region of Madeira")
, song_type = Regional anthem
, image_map=EU-Portugal_with_Madeira_circled.svg
, map_alt=Location of Madeira
, map_caption=Location of Madeira
, subdivision_type=Sovereign st ...
rivers in combination with the
Nascentes do Lago Jari National Park
Nascentes do Lago Jari National Park ( pt, Parque Nacional Nascentes do Lago Jari) is a National park (Brazil), national park in the state of Amazonas (Brazilian state), Amazonas, Brazil. It protects an area of Amazon rainforest in the BR-319 high ...
, Apurinã do Igarapé Tauamirim Indigenous Territory,
Abufari Biological Reserve
Abufari Biological Reserve ( pt, Reserva Biológica do Abufari) is a biological reserve in the state of Amazonas, Brazil.
It is mostly lowland tropical rainforest, with very diverse flora and fauna.
Location
The Abufari Biological Reserve is in ...
and
Piagaçu-Purus Sustainable Development Reserve
Piagaçu-Purus Sustainable Development Reserve ( pt, Reserva de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Piagaçu-Purus) is a sustainable development reserve in the state of Amazonas, Brazil.
Location
The Piagaçu-Purus Sustainable Development Reserve (RDS ...
on the Purus River and the
Lago do Capanã Grande Extractive Reserve
The Lago do Capanã Grande Extractive Reserve ( pt, Reserva Extrativista do Lago do Capanã Grande) is an extractive reserve in the state of Amazonas.
Location
The Lago do Capanã Grande Extractive Reserve is in the municipality of Manicoré, ...
and Rio Amapá Sustainable Development Reserve near the Madeira.
The park is 91% covered by dense lowland rainforest with emergent canopy, and 7% by grassy wooded savanna, or Amazon
campina, without gallery forest.
The savannah/campina area is ecologically very important, holding species unique to this type of environment.
As of 2005 just had been deforested, or 0.08% of the total area.
No further
deforestation
Deforestation or forest clearance is the removal of a forest or stand of trees from land that is then converted to non-forest use. Deforestation can involve conversion of forest land to farms, ranches, or urban use. The most concentrated d ...
was observed from then until 2010.
Two possibly new species of fish have been identified and three possibly new species of herpetofauna.
There are six species of birds endemic to the Purus-Madeira inter-fluvial.
There are healthy populations of species that are extensively hunted such as
South American tapir
The South American tapir (''Tapirus terrestris''), also commonly called the Brazilian tapir (from the Tupi ''tapi'ira''), the Amazonian tapir, the maned tapir, the lowland tapir, the ''anta'' (Portuguese), and ''la sachavaca'' (literally "bushco ...
(''Tapirus terrestris''),
white-lipped peccary
The white-lipped peccary (''Tayassu pecari'') is a species of peccary found in Central America, Central and South America and the only member of the genus ''Tayassu''. Multiple subspecies have been identified. White-lipped peccaries are similar ...
(''Tayassu pecari''),
collared peccary
The collared peccary (''Dicotyles tajacu'') is a species of artiodactyl (even-toed) mammal in the family Tayassuidae found in North, Central, and South America. It is the only member of the genus ''Dicotyles''. They are commonly referred to as ...
(''Pecari tajacu''),
brocket deer (''Mazama'' species) and
gray woolly monkey
The gray woolly monkey (''Lagothrix lagothricha cana'') or Geoffroy's woolly monkey is a subspecies of the common woolly monkey from South America. It is found in Bolivia, Brazil and Peru. ''L. l. cana'' gets its common name, gray woolly monkey, ...
(''Lagothrix cana'').
History
Matupiri State Park was created by Amazonas state decree 28424 of 27 March 2009.
The park was created with participation of the
Mura, who occupy the Cunhã-Sapucaia Indigenous Territory adjacent to the east of the park, with an innovative model of sharing management of the park with the indigenous people.
A zone of special indigenous use was defined in the management plan.
The management plan was approved on 22 July 2014.
As of 2016 the park was supported by the
Amazon Region Protected Areas Program.
Indigenous special use zone
The Mura people occupy the Cunhã-Sapucaia Indigenous Territory lower down along the Matupiri River, the primary route for accessing the park.
The 2006 study of the creation of the Matupiri Igapó-Açu Mosaic of Conservation Areas did not account for these people, who were noted only for "invading" fishing lakes in the Igapó-Acu Sustainable Development Reserve.
The Mura claimed they should be recognised as historical protectors of the Matupiri river basin and users of its natural resources.
When monitoring of the park began in 2011 traces of Mura presence were indeed found, including house structures, wood work areas and ''capoeira'' vegetation in early succession stages.
The Mura have traditionally used the park as a source of wood for their homes and boats, and of
Brazil nut
The Brazil nut (''Bertholletia excelsa'') is a South American tree in the family Lecythidaceae, and it is also the name of the tree's commercially harvested edible seeds. It is one of the largest and longest-lived trees in the Amazon rainforest. ...
s, lianas,
copaiba
Copaiba is a stimulant oleoresin obtained from the trunk of several pinnate-leaved South American leguminous trees (genus '' Copaifera''). The thick, transparent exudate varies in color from light gold to dark brown, depending on the ratio of re ...
and
andiroba
''Carapa'' is a genus of flowering plants in the mahogany family, Meliaceae. These are trees up to 30 meters tall occurring in tropical South America, Central America,Hogan, C. M. 2008Isthmian-Atlantic moist forests.Encyclopedia of Earth, World ...
oils,
açaí,
buriti
''Mauritia flexuosa'', known as the moriche palm, ''ité'' palm, ''ita'', ''buriti'', ''muriti'', ''miriti'' (Brazil), ''canangucho'' (Colombia), ''acho'' (Ecuador), or ''aguaje'' (Peru), is a palm tree. It grows in and near swamps and other wet ...
,
bacaba
''Oenocarpus bacaba'' is an economically important monoecious fruiting palm native to South America and the Amazon Rainforest, which has edible fruits. This plant is cited in Flora Brasiliensis by Carl Friedrich Philipp von Martius. It can reach ...
,
patauá and honey.
They have also used it for fishing, and have acted as guides for sports fishing tourists.
Creation of the park has caused a drop by almost 50% of tourism revenue.
There was no legal precedent in Brazil for allowing indigenous people to use the resources of a state park, but Colombia and Peru had defined relevant principles.
To avoid ongoing conflicts and to recognise the conservation role of the Mura people, the management plan recognised the Indigenous Special Use Zone (ZUEI) in the park, basically consisting of land along the major rivers and streams upstream from the indigenous territory.
References
Sources
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{{authority control
State parks of Brazil
Protected areas of Amazonas (Brazilian state)
Protected areas established in 2009
2009 establishments in Brazil