Matrix H

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''Matrix H'' was developed by

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engineers in the late 1970s to carry

quadraphonic Quadraphonic (or quadrophonic and sometimes quadrasonic) sound – equivalent to what is now called 4.0 surround sound – uses four audio channels in which speakers are positioned at the four corners of a listening space. The system allows for th ...

sound via FM radio in a way that would be most compatible with existing

mono Mono may refer to: Common meanings * Infectious mononucleosis, "the kissing disease" * Monaural, monophonic sound reproduction, often shortened to mono * Mono-, a numerical prefix representing anything single Music Performers * Mono (Japanese b ...

and stereo receivers.

History

Test broadcasts

Several quadraphonic test programs were made for Radios 3 and 4, including a number of

plays Play most commonly refers to: * Play (activity), an activity done for enjoyment * Play (theatre), a work of drama Play may refer also to: Computers and technology * Google Play, a digital content service * Play Framework, a Java framework * P ...

and some

Promenade Concerts The BBC Proms or Proms, formally named the Henry Wood Promenade Concerts Presented by the BBC, is an eight-week summer season of daily orchestral classical music concerts and other events held annually, predominantly in the Royal Albert Hal ...

, while

Radio 1 Radio 1 or Radio One most commonly refers to: *BBC Radio 1, a music radio station from the BBC ** BBC Radio 1Xtra, a digital radio station broadcasting black music *CBC Radio One, a talk radio station operated by the Canadian Broadcasting Corporatio ...

carried quadraphonic session recordings by various bands. On April 30, 1977 the first program was transmitted, followed by seven further transmissions during the following week. The experimental broadcasts lasted for one year, after which the BBC assessed the public reaction. Since very few listeners had suitable decoders, the BBC arranged demonstrations at the Langham Gallery in

London London is the capital and largest city of England and the United Kingdom, with a population of just under 9 million. It stands on the River Thames in south-east England at the head of a estuary down to the North Sea, and has been a majo ...

. The existing matrix formats where tested first. The "H" has no meaning; they called the first matrix assessed Matrix A, and then worked through the alphabet. Matrix H emerged as the best solution for mono compatibility and radio transmission. Although the QS system was similar to Matrix H, no specific available commercially.

BBC/NRDC System HJ

The BBC later cooperated with the developers of

Ambisonics Ambisonics is a ''full-sphere'' surround sound format: in addition to the horizontal plane, it covers sound sources above and below the listener. Unlike some other multichannel surround formats, its transmission channels do not carry speaker si ...

to produce ''BBC/NRDC System HJ''. This was based on tolerance zones designed to include modified versions of both ''Matrix H'' and the prototype two-channel encoding of

, known as ''System 45J''. Subsequently, the Nippon-Columbia ''UMX'' matrix was brought into the standard, leading in 1977 to the ''UHJ'', now associated with

Usage

''j = 20° phase-shift'' ''k = 25° phase-shift'' ''l = 55° phase-shift'' ''m = 115° phase-shift''

References

{{Quadraphonic sound Surround sound Quadraphonic sound