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Maryknoll is a name shared by a number of related
Catholic The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with 1.3 billion baptized Catholics worldwide . It is among the world's oldest and largest international institutions, and has played a ...
organizations, including the Maryknoll Fathers and Brothers (also known as the Catholic Foreign Mission Society of America or the Maryknoll Society), the
Maryknoll Sisters __NOTOC__ The Maryknoll Sisters of St. Dominic, or simply Maryknoll Sisters, are a group of Roman Catholic (term), Roman Catholic religious institute, religious women founded in the Ossining (village), New York#Notable buildings, village of Ossinin ...
, and the Maryknoll Lay Missioners. The organizations are independent entities with shared history that work closely together in the joint focus of the overseas mission activity of the Catholic Church particularly in
East Asia East Asia is the eastern region of Asia, which is defined in both geographical and ethno-cultural terms. The modern states of East Asia include China, Japan, Mongolia, North Korea, South Korea, and Taiwan. China, North Korea, South Korea and ...
, the
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,
Latin America Latin America or * french: Amérique Latine, link=no * ht, Amerik Latin, link=no * pt, América Latina, link=no, name=a, sometimes referred to as LatAm is a large cultural region in the Americas where Romance languages — languages derived f ...
, and
Africa Africa is the world's second-largest and second-most populous continent, after Asia in both cases. At about 30.3 million km2 (11.7 million square miles) including adjacent islands, it covers 6% of Earth's total surface area ...
. The organizations officially began in 1911, founded by
Thomas Frederick Price Thomas Frederick Price, MM (August 19, 1860 - September 12, 1919) was the American co-founder of the Catholic Foreign Mission Society of America, better known as the Maryknoll Fathers and Brothers. Youth and education Thomas Frederick Price wa ...
,
James Anthony Walsh James Anthony Walsh (February 24, 1867 – April 14, 1936) was the co-founder of Maryknoll Fathers and Brothers. Background The son of James Walsh and Hanna Shea, James Anthony was born in Cambridge, Massachusetts. After completing his ...
, and
Mary Joseph Rogers Mary Joseph Rogers, MM (October 27, 1882 – October 9, 1955) was the founder of the Maryknoll Sisters, the first congregation of Catholic women to organize a global mission in the United States. Rogers attended Smith College and was inspired in 19 ...
. The name ''Maryknoll'' comes from the hill outside the Village of Ossining,
Westchester County Westchester County is located in the U.S. state of New York. It is the seventh most populous county in the State of New York and the most populous north of New York City. According to the 2020 United States Census, the county had a population o ...
,
New York New York most commonly refers to: * New York City, the most populous city in the United States, located in the state of New York * New York (state), a state in the northeastern United States New York may also refer to: Film and television * '' ...
, which houses the headquarters of all three. Members of the societies are usually called ''Maryknollers''. Maryknollers are sometimes known as the "Marines of the Catholic Church" for their reputation of moving into rough areas, living side-by-side with the indigenous peoples and learning the language. Maryknollers focus on "combating poverty, providing healthcare, building communities and advancing peace and social justice" in the countries they serve and have built numerous orphanages,
primary schools A primary school (in Ireland, the United Kingdom, Australia, Trinidad and Tobago, Jamaica, and South Africa), junior school (in Australia), elementary school or grade school (in North America and the Philippines) is a school for primary ed ...
and
secondary schools A secondary school describes an institution that provides secondary education and also usually includes the building where this takes place. Some secondary schools provide both '' lower secondary education'' (ages 11 to 14) and ''upper seconda ...
. Because of the way in which Maryknollers have especially engaged in
social justice Social justice is justice in terms of the distribution of wealth, opportunities, and privileges within a society. In Western and Asian cultures, the concept of social justice has often referred to the process of ensuring that individuals fu ...
, Maryknoll is also sometimes seen as a
movement Movement may refer to: Common uses * Movement (clockwork), the internal mechanism of a timepiece * Motion, commonly referred to as movement Arts, entertainment, and media Literature * "Movement" (short story), a short story by Nancy Fu ...
that represents
missionary A missionary is a member of a Religious denomination, religious group which is sent into an area in order to promote its faith or provide services to people, such as education, literacy, social justice, health care, and economic development.Tho ...
service concerned with positive action for indigenous people. In the mid-20th century, this movement came to be associated with
liberation theology Liberation theology is a Christian theological approach emphasizing the liberation of the oppressed. In certain contexts, it engages socio-economic analyses, with "social concern for the poor and political liberation for oppressed peoples". In ...
.
The Christophers The Christophers are a Christian inspirational group that was founded in 1945 by Father James Keller. The name of the group is derived from the Greek word ''christophoros'', which means "Christ-bearer". Although the founders were Maryknoll pries ...
and The Maryknoll Affiliates are both associated with the Maryknoll Movement. ''Maryknoll'' is also the current name of the semi-monthly magazine which the Maryknoll Fathers & Brothers publish.


History


Background

Prior to 1906, the United States was on a roster of Catholic mission territories compiled by the
Vatican Vatican may refer to: Vatican City, the city-state ruled by the pope in Rome, including St. Peter's Basilica, Sistine Chapel, Vatican Museum The Holy See * The Holy See, the governing body of the Catholic Church and sovereign entity recognized ...
. It was part of an era of heavy migrations of European Catholics to the United States and there was a cultural hostility to Roman Catholicism. The establishment of Maryknoll for foreign missions came at a time when the Catholic church was focussing its energies on that anti-Catholic bias within the United States. "Out of the 17,000 Americans serving as Catholic priests at the time, for example, the number serving in foreign missions was 14." In 1907, Father James Walsh of Boston began publishing ''The Field Afar'', a mission magazine that would later become ''Maryknoll''. The following year, Mary "Mollie" Josephine Rogers (later Mother Mary Joseph, MM) began helping Walsh with editing, translating and writing. In 1910, Father
Thomas Price Thomas Price may refer to: *Thomas Price (South Australian politician) (1852–1909), Premier of South Australia *Thomas Price (bishop) (1599–1685), Church of Ireland archbishop of Cashel *Thomas Price (Carnhuanawc) (1787–1848), Welsh literary ...
was facing the failure of his attempt to begin a Catholic order for domestic
mission Mission (from Latin ''missio'' "the act of sending out") may refer to: Organised activities Religion *Christian mission, an organized effort to spread Christianity *Mission (LDS Church), an administrative area of The Church of Jesus Christ of ...
work in the
South South is one of the cardinal directions or Points of the compass, compass points. The direction is the opposite of north and is perpendicular to both east and west. Etymology The word ''south'' comes from Old English ''sūþ'', from earlier Pro ...
. Price was overwhelmed with fundraising on top of his actual mission work and the many responsibilities he had as the order
Superior Superior may refer to: *Superior (hierarchy), something which is higher in a hierarchical structure of any kind Places *Superior (proposed U.S. state), an unsuccessful proposal for the Upper Peninsula of Michigan to form a separate state *Lake ...
. Price and Walsh had corresponded and met in person that year at a conference in
Montreal Montreal ( ; officially Montréal, ) is the List of the largest municipalities in Canada by population, second-most populous city in Canada and List of towns in Quebec, most populous city in the Provinces and territories of Canada, Canadian ...
, Quebec, Canada. The pair immediately began planning a national foreign mission seminary. They were complementary in character; Walsh had a knack for organization and planning things on a grand scale while Price was a "
Tarheel Tar Heel is a nickname applied to the U.S. state of North Carolina. It is also the nickname of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, University of North Carolina athletic teams, students, alumni, and fans. The origins of the Tar Heel ...
" from North Carolina who was personable and charismatic.


Foundation of the Maryknoll Fathers and Brothers: 1911–1919

The two received permission to travel to Rome, where
Pope Pius X Pope Pius X ( it, Pio X; born Giuseppe Melchiorre Sarto; 2 June 1835 – 20 August 1914) was head of the Catholic Church from 4 August 1903 to his death in August 1914. Pius X is known for vigorously opposing modernist interpretations of C ...
granted their request to found a new society on June 29, 1911. Walsh immediately put an ad in ''The Field Afar'': "Youths or young men who feel a strong desire to toil for the souls of heathen people and who are willing to go afar with no hope of earthly recompense and with no guarantee of a return to their native land are encouraged to write." In 1912, ''The Catholic Foreign Mission Society of America (CFMSA)'' was launched in a rented property
Hawthorne, NY Hawthorne is a hamlet and census-designated place (CDP) located in the town of Mount Pleasant in Westchester County, New York, United States. The population was 4,586 at the 2010 census. History The village was originally known as Hammond's Mill ...
with a total of six men. Thomas McCann was the first candidate to become a full Brother member of the Maryknoll Society on Nov. 21, 1912. That September, Rogers had relocated to New York to continue work on the magazine. She and five other women "secretaries" began living together at Hawthorne. Rogers emerged as their natural leader and envisioned the women as missioners in their own right and not merely serving in supportive roles to the men.


"Mary's Knoll" and Foundation of the Teresians

Walsh and Price had immediately begun a search for a permanent home for their new society. They contracted for a parcel in
Pocantico Hills Pocantico Hills is a hamlet in the Westchester County town of Mount Pleasant, New York, United States. The Rockefeller family estate, anchored by Kykuit, the family seat built by John D. Rockefeller Sr., is located in Pocantico Hills, as is the a ...
in July, 1912 but
John D. Rockefeller John Davison Rockefeller Sr. (July 8, 1839 – May 23, 1937) was an American business magnate and philanthropist. He has been widely considered the wealthiest American of all time and the richest person in modern history. Rockefeller was ...
, who owned the property on the other side and did not want a seminary as a neighbor, contested the purchase in court. In August, CFMSA gave up the parcel in return for a financial arrangement. Walsh and Price found a 93-acre hill in Ossining that included three houses and a barn and was now affordable due to the Rockefeller windfall. Wary of another incident of bias, Rogers, dressed as a "Lady from Boston" and accompanied by a lawyer, negotiated the sale. Walsh, dressed as her chauffeur, waited for two hours with the car. They made the purchase on August 20, 1912, for $44,500, a lower price than what had been offered for the previous parcel. Price dedicated the property to the
Blessed Virgin Mary Mary; arc, ܡܪܝܡ, translit=Mariam; ar, مريم, translit=Maryam; grc, Μαρία, translit=María; la, Maria; cop, Ⲙⲁⲣⲓⲁ, translit=Maria was a first-century Jews, Jewish woman of Nazareth, the wife of Saint Joseph, Jose ...
and the name "Mary's Knoll" was coined. The hilltop had two homesteads at a distance from each other, the larger one became the first Seminary and the other was set aside for the "secretaries". A carriage house with quarters was converted into the chapel. The barn was allocated to the Brothers and seminary students. A few weeks later, Walsh asked the "secretaries" how they wished to be organized after the move to Maryknoll. They had been paid $25 a month by Walsh and Price for their work, which Walsh promised to continue, but he now asked them to make a decision if they wanted to continue as
laywomen In religious organizations, the laity () consists of all members who are not part of the clergy, usually including any non-ordained members of religious orders, e.g. a nun or a lay brother. In both religious and wider secular usage, a layperson ...
or to transform into a
community A community is a social unit (a group of living things) with commonality such as place, norms, religion, values, customs, or identity. Communities may share a sense of place situated in a given geographical area (e.g. a country, village, tow ...
living under
Religious vows Religious vows are the public vows made by the members of religious communities pertaining to their conduct, practices, and views. In the Buddhism tradition, in particular within the Mahayana and Vajrayana tradition, many different kinds of re ...
. "Do you wish Mollie to direct you, i.e., under my direction?… Write me on this subject…" Each of the women responded affirmatively. Rogers replied "I want you to know how wholly I belong to you in every hour of the day and night, to serve you, to love you, to watch over you and with you, under the guidance of the Holy Spirit, for of myself I can do nothing." On October 15, 1912, the women joined Rogers, who had moved to Maryknoll directly after the purchase to cook and help organize. They dubbed their building at Maryknoll " St. Teresa's Lodge". A postcard from a traveling priest in England was addressed to them as the ''Teresians'', and the nickname stuck. The Teresians began studying with the Scranton
Sisters of the Immaculate Heart of Mary The Sisters of the Immaculate Heart of Mary (IHM), founded as the Daughters of the Most Holy and Immaculate Heart of the Blessed Virgin Mary, is a Catholic religious teaching institute for women. The institute was founded in the Catalan city of ...
as they planned to petition for official recognition from Rome. They designed uniforms with the
Chi Rho The Chi Rho (☧, English pronunciation ; also known as ''chrismon'') is one of the earliest forms of Christogram, formed by superimposing the first two (capital) letters— chi and rho (ΧΡ)—of the Greek word ( Christos) in such a way t ...
symbol but rarely wore them and, under the advice of a retreat leader, used the
Missal A missal is a liturgical book containing instructions and texts necessary for the celebration of Mass throughout the liturgical year. Versions differ across liturgical tradition, period, and purpose, with some missals intended to enable a pries ...
for their prayers – a rare occurrence among women at that time. Maryknoll now had nine men serving as
Brothers A brother is a man or boy who shares one or more parents with another; a male sibling. The female counterpart is a sister. Although the term typically refers to a familial relationship, it is sometimes used endearingly to refer to non-familia ...
in addition to McCann. They named their building at Maryknoll " St. Michael's" Residence and themselves "The Brothers of St. Michael". Like the Teresians, most Brothers spent much of those early years building, maintaining and updating the buildings at Maryknoll.
Michael Hoban Brian Michael Stanislaus Hoban (7 October 1921 in British Guiana – 6 July 2003), was a teacher of classics, and Headmaster of Harrow School from 1971–81. His father died when he was a small child and he spent two years in an orpha ...
, bishop of
Scranton, Pennsylvania Scranton is a city in the Commonwealth (U.S. state), Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, United States, and the county seat of Lackawanna County, Pennsylvania, Lackawanna County. With a population of 76,328 as of the 2020 United States census, 2020 U ...
, invited Maryknoll to establish a school in the city. In 1913, ''Maryknoll Preparatory Seminary'' was founded on Clay Avenue and students attended classes at St. Thomas College. Raymond Lane, who made his
profession A profession is a field of work that has been successfully ''professionalized''. It can be defined as a disciplined group of individuals, '' professionals'', who adhere to ethical standards and who hold themselves out as, and are accepted by ...
that year in the inaugural class, wrote that the success of the venture was greatly due to residents of Scranton who supported the new seminary with meals, transportation, and donations. In 1915 the lease expired and the students joined the community outside Ossining for a year. In 1916, Walsh, after some difficulty, acquired 179 acres in
Clarks Summit Clarks Summit is a borough in Lackawanna County, northwest of Scranton in Northeastern Pennsylvania. The population was 5,108 at the 2020 census. It is also the northern terminus of the Pennsylvania Turnpike Northeast Extension, I-476. History T ...
, PA and a school set up in an old farm house on the property. It became known as ''the Venard'' for
Théophane Vénard Jean-Théophane Vénard (November 21, 1829 at Saint-Loup-sur-Thouet, Diocese of Poitiers, France – February 2, 1861 in Tonkin, Vietnam) was a French Catholic missionary to Indo-China. He was a member of the Paris Foreign Missions Society. ...
. Price took charge of the Venard its first year, taking one of the Teresians to assist the new community.


First and second departures to China

World War I World War I (28 July 1914 11 November 1918), often abbreviated as WWI, was one of the deadliest global conflicts in history. Belligerents included much of Europe, the Russian Empire, the United States, and the Ottoman Empire, with fightin ...
ended in 1918 and three Maryknoll priests were ready to make the first Maryknoll mission to China.
James Edward Walsh James Edward Walsh, MM (April 30, 1891 – July 29, 1981) was an American Roman Catholic priest and a bishop in China. He was a member of the Maryknoll order, and a missionary in China.Our Sunday Visitor, "They go after priests", Robert P. Lock ...
, Francis X. Ford, and
Bernard F. Meyer Bernard Francis Meyer, M.M. (June 16, 1891 – May 8, 1975) was an American Catholic missionary. As a member of the Catholic Foreign Mission Society of America (Maryknoll), he was assigned to missions in China. He served as the Prefect Apostolic ...
along with Price as Mission Superior departed for China on September 7, 1918. Walsh and Meyer arrived first, Price and Ford some weeks later. Their first stop in Asia was
Hong Kong Hong Kong ( (US) or (UK); , ), officially the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China ( abbr. Hong Kong SAR or HKSAR), is a city and special administrative region of China on the eastern Pearl River Delt ...
(a British colony at the time), to acclimate briefly with the
Paris Foreign Missions Society The Society of Foreign Missions of Paris (french: Société des Missions Etrangères de Paris, short M.E.P.) is a Roman Catholic missionary organization. It is not a religious institute, but an organization of secular priests and lay persons ...
, which was the predominant Catholic organization in China. From Hong Kong, they went to Yeungkong and started their missionary work in China from there. Although he was only successful at learning a few words in the local dialects, Price quickly set the tone for the mission and those that would follow; Daniel Leo McShane led the second Departure Group in 1919. McShanes's first assignment was to assist Meyer. When the Maryknollers arrived, they discovered that Chinese orphanages did not accept infants or sick children. An orphanage was begun in Yeungkong in 1920. McShane was then sent to be the pastor of
Luoding Luoding, alternately romanized as Loting, is a county-level city in the northwestern part of Guangdong province (粤北), South China. It is administered as part of the prefecture-level city of Yunfu. History As early as 10,000 years ago, ther ...
and immediately set up an orphanage for abandoned children there, as well, despite local opposition. The abandoned babies were almost all female and traditionally drowned before the Maryknollers built facilities and began offering a few cents for every child. Soon the Yeungkong orphanage was averaging 450
baptisms Baptism (from grc-x-koine, βάπτισμα, váptisma) is a form of ritual purification—a characteristic of many religions throughout time and geography. In Christianity, it is a Christians, Christian sacrament of initiation and Adoption ...
a year and the Luoding facility close to a thousand.


Death of founder Thomas Price: 1919

In August 1919, Price became seriously ill. With no adequate medical facilities in the area, he was transported to St. Paul's Hospital, Hong Kong. It was a long and arduous journey from Yeungkong by primitive means. Price was admitted on August 19, 1919 and underwent an operation in early September. The treatment was too late and Price died as a result of a burst appendix on September 12, 1919. His body was buried in the priests' plot in St. Michael's Cemetery in Happy Valley, Hong Kong. In 1936, his body was exhumed and transferred to the cemetery at Maryknoll, New York. James E Walsh was named Superior of the mission following Price's death.


Foundation of the Maryknoll Sisters: 1920–1921

In 1914 one of the Teresians earliest benefactors, Julia Ward, took Rogers to Europe. They visited
Our Lady of Lourdes Our Lady of Lourdes (french: Notre-Dame de Lourdes) is a title of the Virgin Mary. She is venerated under this title by the Roman Catholic church due to her apparitions that occurred in Lourdes, France. The first apparition of 11 February 1858, o ...
in France and
Vatican City Vatican City (), officially the Vatican City State ( it, Stato della Città del Vaticano; la, Status Civitatis Vaticanae),—' * german: Vatikanstadt, cf. '—' (in Austria: ') * pl, Miasto Watykańskie, cf. '—' * pt, Cidade do Vati ...
. This was Roger's first experience of the European Catholic approach religious congregation devoted specifically to foreign mission work. Having only been exposed to Protestant missionary attitudes at
Smith College Smith College is a Private university, private Liberal arts colleges in the United States, liberal arts Women's colleges in the United States, women's college in Northampton, Massachusetts. It was chartered in 1871 by Sophia Smith (Smith College ...
, Rogers had patterned the Teresians on that model: active, practical, and pious. This was in sharp contrast to the first group of Sisters who went to Los Angeles and Seattle in 1914 to work with Japanese children. Rogers was taken to Europe, with a special stop in Rome, by early patron Julia Ward. A mission to Korea, begun in 1922, had also grown significantly by 1927, to 17 priests and two Brothers. It was centered in the north of Korea, around the city of
Pyongyang Pyongyang (, , ) is the capital and largest city of North Korea, where it is known as the "Capital of the Revolution". Pyongyang is located on the Taedong River about upstream from its mouth on the Yellow Sea. According to the 2008 populatio ...
.Armstrong p. 15 The early missionaries concentrated in East Asia, particularly
China China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. It is the world's most populous country, with a population exceeding 1.4 billion, slightly ahead of India. China spans the equivalent of five time zones and ...
and
Korea Korea ( ko, 한국, or , ) is a peninsular region in East Asia. Since 1945, it has been divided at or near the 38th parallel, with North Korea (Democratic People's Republic of Korea) comprising its northern half and South Korea (Republic o ...
. During
WW2 World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposing ...
, however, numerous
South America South America is a continent entirely in the Western Hemisphere and mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, with a relatively small portion in the Northern Hemisphere at the northern tip of the continent. It can also be described as the southe ...
n countries were added as mission sites.


Maryknolls Today

As of 2008, there are over 475 Maryknoll priests and Brothers serving in countries around the world, principally in Africa, Asia and Latin America. Throughout their history, especially in the first half of the 20th century, Maryknoll missioners played a large role in the
Catholic Church The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with 1.3 billion baptized Catholics worldwide . It is among the world's oldest and largest international institutions, and has played a ...
in East Asia where some missioners still work. Maryknoll also has extensive connections with many Latin American countries, where it has long worked to help alleviate poverty and bring constructive changes to the life of Latin America's poor.


Maryknoll Seminary Building

The Maryknoll Seminary Building is located in Ossining, Westchester County, New York. The building currently houses the headquarters of Maryknoll missions. The building has distinctive design, specifically with
pagoda A pagoda is an Asian tiered tower with multiple eaves common to Nepal, India, China, Japan, Korea, Myanmar, Vietnam, and other parts of Asia. Most pagodas were built to have a religious function, most often Buddhist but sometimes Taoist, ...
s built into its architecture, to honor its founding purpose as a mission order to the
Far East The ''Far East'' was a European term to refer to the geographical regions that includes East and Southeast Asia as well as the Russian Far East to a lesser extent. South Asia is sometimes also included for economic and cultural reasons. The ter ...
.


Martyrs

*
Maura Clarke Maura Clarke (January 13, 1931 – December 2, 1980), was an American Catholic Maryknoll sister who served as a missionary in Nicaragua and El Salvador. She worked with the poor and refugees in Central America from 1959 until her murder in 1980. ...
, Maryknoll martyr 1980 murders of U.S. missionaries in El Salvador *
Francis Xavier Ford Francis Xavier Ford, MM was an American people, American Bishop (Catholic Church), bishop of the Catholic Church and a Maryknoll missionary in China. Because of his torture by the Communist Chinese and death in prison in 1952, he is considered a m ...
, Maryknoll martyr. Fr. Ford was one of the first four Maryknollers to arrive in China in 1918 and died in a Canton prison in 1953. A primary school named Bishop Ford Memorial School was founded by the Maryknoll Fathers in Hong Kong in 1952. The school is now run by the
Catholic Diocese of Hong Kong The Catholic Diocese of Hong Kong (; la, Dioecesis Sciiamchiamensis) is a Latin Church , native_name_lang = la , image = San Giovanni in Laterano - Rome.jpg , imagewidth = 250px , alt = Façade ...
*
Ita Ford Sister Ita Ford, M.M. (April 23, 1940 – December 2, 1980) was an American Catholic Maryknoll Sister who served as a missionary in Bolivia, Chile and El Salvador. She worked with the poor and war refugees. On December 2, 1980, she was beaten, ra ...
, Maryknoll martyr 1980 murders of U.S. missionaries in El Salvador


Other notable Maryknollers

*
Maryknoll Seminary alumni Maryknoll is a name shared by a number of related Catholic organizations, including the Maryknoll Fathers and Brothers (also known as the Catholic Foreign Mission Society of America or the Maryknoll Society), the Maryknoll Sisters, and the Mary ...
*
Roy Bourgeois Roy Bourgeois (born January 27, 1938 in Lutcher, Louisiana) is an American activist, a laicized Roman Catholic priest, and the founder of the human rights group School of the Americas Watch (SOA Watch). He is the 1994 recipient of the Gandhi Pe ...
was ordained to the priesthood in the Maryknoll Fathers and Brothers in 1972, after which he worked with the poor in Bolivia until 1975. An outspoken critic of US foreign policy in Latin America, he founded the non-profit human rights organization, School of the Americas Watch (
SOA Watch School of the Americas Watch is an advocacy organization founded by former Maryknoll Father Roy Bourgeois and a small group of supporters in 1990 to protest the training of mainly Latin American military officers, by the United States Department o ...
) in 1990. In 2005 he was awarded the Thomas Merton Award for his work. Following his participation in a women's ordination-to-the-priesthood ceremony in August 2008, he was warned of possible excommunication
latae sententiae (Latin meaning "of a/the sentence lreadypassed") and (Latin meaning "sentence to be passed") are ways sentences are imposed in the Catholic Church in its canon law. A penalty is a penalty that is inflicted , automatically, by force of the l ...
, marking the beginning of a four-year-long period of discussion and negotiation between Bourgeois and the Church, through the Maryknoll Society. Finally, on November 19, 2012, it was announced that Bourgeois had been officially canonically dismissed from both the Maryknoll Society, and the Roman Catholic priesthood, effective October 4, 2012. *
Everett Francis Briggs Father Everett Francis Briggs, MM (January 27, 1908 – December 20, 2006) was a Catholic priest and miners' activist who served as a member of the Maryknoll society. Early life Born in Fitchburg, Massachusetts, Briggs attended St. Patrick's Sc ...
, Maryknoll missionary, studied the history of the
Monongah Mining Disaster The Monongah mining disaster of Monongah, West Virginia occurred on December 6, 1907, and has been described as "the worst mining disaster in American history." 362 miners were killed. The explosion occurred in Fairmont Coal Company’s No. 6 ...
of December 6, 1907 described as "the worst mining disaster in American History". After discovering there was no memorial, he sought to ensure that the victims of the tragedy were not forgotten. *
Miguel d'Escoto Brockmann Miguel d’Escoto Brockmann (February 5, 1933 – June 8, 2017) was an American-born Nicaraguan diplomat, politician and Catholic priest of the Maryknoll Missionary Society. As the President of the United Nations General Assembly from September 2 ...
, Foreign Minister of Nicaragua in the Sandinista government. Pope John Paul refused to meet him during his papal visit to the country on 4 March 1983, as he remained in that government contrary to Church discipline. *
Patrick Joseph Byrne Patrick James Byrne, M.M. (October 26, 1888 – November 25, 1950) was an American-born Catholic missionary and Bishop. As a member of the Catholic Foreign Mission Society of America (Maryknoll), he was assigned for missions in Korea and Japan ...
, Apostolic Delegate to Korea from 1949 to 1950 who died in the custody of the Communists in Korea. *Fr.
Vincent Robert Capodanno Vincent Robert Capodanno Jr., M.M. (February 13, 1929 – September 4, 1967) was a Catholic The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with 1.3 billion baptized Catholics worldw ...
former Maryknoll missionary,
Servant of God "Servant of God" is a title used in the Catholic Church to indicate that an individual is on the first step toward possible canonization as a saint. Terminology The expression "servant of God" appears nine times in the Bible, the first five in th ...
, and
Medal of Honor The Medal of Honor (MOH) is the United States Armed Forces' highest military decoration and is awarded to recognize American soldiers, sailors, marines, airmen, guardians and coast guardsmen who have distinguished themselves by acts of valor. ...
winner during the
Viet Nam Vietnam or Viet Nam ( vi, Việt Nam, ), officially the Socialist Republic of Vietnam,., group="n" is a country in Southeast Asia, at the eastern edge of mainland Southeast Asia, with an area of and population of 96 million, making it ...
War as a
Navy A navy, naval force, or maritime force is the branch of a nation's armed forces principally designated for naval warfare, naval and amphibious warfare; namely, lake-borne, riverine, littoral zone, littoral, or ocean-borne combat operations and ...
Chaplain A chaplain is, traditionally, a cleric (such as a Minister (Christianity), minister, priest, pastor, rabbi, purohit, or imam), or a laity, lay representative of a religious tradition, attached to a secularity, secular institution (such as a hosp ...
attached to the
US Marines The United States Marine Corps (USMC), also referred to as the United States Marines, is the maritime land force service branch of the United States Armed Forces responsible for conducting expeditionary and amphibious operations through combi ...
. He did his missionary work in
Taiwan Taiwan, officially the Republic of China (ROC), is a country in East Asia, at the junction of the East and South China Seas in the northwestern Pacific Ocean, with the People's Republic of China (PRC) to the northwest, Japan to the nort ...
. *Fr. Robert W. Greene, served in China; placed under house arrest on Oct. 15, 1950; banished from China and marched under guard to Hong Kong on Apr. 13, 1952. Later authored best-selling novel "Calvary in China" about his work and incarceration, published in 1953.https://maryknollmissionarchives.org/deceased-fathers-bro/father-robert-w-greene-mm/ *Fr.
Joseph G. Healey Joseph Graham Healey is an American academic who specializes in Small Christian Communities (also known as Basic ecclesial community) as a teacher, researcher, and writer. Father Healey is a communications specialist with experience in the United ...
serves in Kenya. He is noted for his innovative use of proverbs and other local verbal arts in ministry. *
James Keller James Keller, M.M. (June 27, 1900 – February 7, 1977) was a Catholic priest in the Maryknoll Order. In 1945 he founded of The Christophers, a Christian inspirational group which broadcast a weekly inspirational television show (of the same ...
, founder of
The Christophers The Christophers are a Christian inspirational group that was founded in 1945 by Father James Keller. The name of the group is derived from the Greek word ''christophoros'', which means "Christ-bearer". Although the founders were Maryknoll pries ...
. *Thomas Melville, a former Maryknoll priest, Catholic activist, one of the nine Catholic activists of
Catonsville Nine The Catonsville Nine were nine Catholic activists who burned draft files to protest the Vietnam War. On May 17, 1968, they took 378 draft files from the draft board office in Catonsville, Maryland and burned them in the parking lot. List of the N ...
* Bishop Adolph John Paschang, Maryknoll missionary. A primary school named
Bishop Paschang Memorial School Bishop Paschang Catholic School () is a government-aided, whole day Roman Catholic coeducational primary school located in Kowloon Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong. The school is in Primary One Admission Net 46 of Kwun Tong. With the exception of ...
was set up by Fr. John M. Mcloughlin, M.M. in Hong Kong in 1969. The school is still run by the Maryknoll Fathers in Hong Kong *
Thomas Frederick Price Thomas Frederick Price, MM (August 19, 1860 - September 12, 1919) was the American co-founder of the Catholic Foreign Mission Society of America, better known as the Maryknoll Fathers and Brothers. Youth and education Thomas Frederick Price wa ...
, one of the two Maryknoll founders. Fr Price was one of the first four Maryknollers to arrive in China in 1918. Price Memorial Catholic Primary School was founded in Hong Kong for his labour in missionary work. * Bishop James E. Walsh, Maryknoll missionary. Fr James Edward Walsh was one of the first four Maryknollers to arrive in China in 1918. Consecrated bishop of Kongmoon in 1927, he was imprisoned in 1959 and released in 1970 due to the improving US-China relationship. He became the last American missionary to be released by the Communist Chinese government. A primary school named
Bishop Walsh Primary School Wong Tai Sin District is one of the 18 districts of Hong Kong. It is the only landlocked district in Hong Kong. It is located in Kowloon, and is the northernmost district in Kowloon. It borders the districts of Kwun Tong to its southeast, K ...
was set up by the Maryknoll Fathers in Hong Kong in 1963. The school is now run by the
Catholic Diocese of Hong Kong The Catholic Diocese of Hong Kong (; la, Dioecesis Sciiamchiamensis) is a Latin Church , native_name_lang = la , image = San Giovanni in Laterano - Rome.jpg , imagewidth = 250px , alt = Façade ...
Unfortunately, as with many dioceses and religious orders within the Catholic Church around the world, Maryknoll has been tainted with sex abuse allegations among its clergy. About eight priests, all now deceased, were part of the
sexual abuse scandal in the Catholic Diocese of Honolulu The sexual abuse scandal in Honolulu diocese is a significant chapter in the series of Catholic sex abuse cases in the United States and Ireland. Accusations against clergy In 1989, Joseph Anthony Ferrario became the first bishop to be publicly acc ...
. Though Maryknoll is a foreign mission order, priests and brothers are assigned, at times, to dioceses around the country. From the time it was a U.S. territory, Maryknoll priests have served in Hawaii. According to the 2015 Maryknoll annual report, the organization charged a significant amount ($19+ million) to address claims in Hawaii. Currently, at its headquarters in New York, several priests are monitored as they have been associated with inappropriate engagement with youth or vulnerable adults either while serving overseas or in the U.S. An ex-Maryknoll priest, now deceased, recently was reported to have sexually abused a young boy for about eight years during the 1960s when he was assigned to parishes in Westchester County. This filing was reported in the June 13, 2019 issue of ''The Journal News.'' Another former Maryknoll priest, also deceased, has been cited for child sex abuse allegations in the
Virginia Virginia, officially the Commonwealth of Virginia, is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Southeastern regions of the United States, between the Atlantic Coast and the Appalachian Mountains. The geography and climate of the Commonwealth ar ...
Diocese of Richmond The Diocese of Richmond ( la, Diœcesis Richmondiensis) is a Latin Church ecclesiastical jurisdiction or diocese of the Catholic Church in the United States. Its current territory encompasses all of central and southern Virginia, Hampton Roads, ...
. He is one of six clergy recently added to the list priests from the diocese cited for 'credible and substantiated' allegations of sexual abuse against a minor. The announcement was made during June 2019. A deceased Maryknoll priest, was accused of abuse in a claim filed during 2019 by the son of lay missioners who lived close to the Maryknoll campus in Ossining, New York. The family ate their meals at the Maryknoll dining room. The claim was reported in the January 13, 2020 issue of ''The Journal News''.


Schools in Hong Kong

Several notable schools in Hong Kong were founded by Maryknollers; and several are still run by them.


Founded by the Maryknollers

* Bishop Ford Memorial School, a co-educational primary school. This is the first ever school founded by the Maryknoll Fathers in Hong Kong after the
Second World War World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposin ...
. It was founded in 1952 after the Maryknoller, Fr.
Francis Xavier Ford Francis Xavier Ford, MM was an American people, American Bishop (Catholic Church), bishop of the Catholic Church and a Maryknoll missionary in China. Because of his torture by the Communist Chinese and death in prison in 1952, he is considered a m ...
for his mission in China. This school is now managed by the
Catholic Diocese of Hong Kong The Catholic Diocese of Hong Kong (; la, Dioecesis Sciiamchiamensis) is a Latin Church , native_name_lang = la , image = San Giovanni in Laterano - Rome.jpg , imagewidth = 250px , alt = Façade ...
, * Kwun Tong Maryknoll College, a secondary school for boys, now managed by the
Catholic Diocese of Hong Kong The Catholic Diocese of Hong Kong (; la, Dioecesis Sciiamchiamensis) is a Latin Church , native_name_lang = la , image = San Giovanni in Laterano - Rome.jpg , imagewidth = 250px , alt = Façade ...
, *
Bishop Walsh Primary School Wong Tai Sin District is one of the 18 districts of Hong Kong. It is the only landlocked district in Hong Kong. It is located in Kowloon, and is the northernmost district in Kowloon. It borders the districts of Kwun Tong to its southeast, K ...
, a co-educational primary school. This school was founded in 1963 after the Maryknoller, Bishop James Edward Walsh, who had suffered a lot for his mission in China. This school is now managed by the
Catholic Diocese of Hong Kong The Catholic Diocese of Hong Kong (; la, Dioecesis Sciiamchiamensis) is a Latin Church , native_name_lang = la , image = San Giovanni in Laterano - Rome.jpg , imagewidth = 250px , alt = Façade ...
, * Pope Pius XII Primary School, a
co-educational Mixed-sex education, also known as mixed-gender education, co-education, or coeducation (abbreviated to co-ed or coed), is a system of education where males and females are educated together. Whereas single-sex education was more common up to t ...
primary school A primary school (in Ireland, the United Kingdom, Australia, Trinidad and Tobago, Jamaica, and South Africa), junior school (in Australia), elementary school or grade school (in North America and the Philippines) is a school for primary e ...
in
Hong Kong Hong Kong ( (US) or (UK); , ), officially the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China ( abbr. Hong Kong SAR or HKSAR), is a city and special administrative region of China on the eastern Pearl River Delt ...
, founded in 1953, closed in 1979. Her legacy is inherited by
Chai Wan Kok Catholic Primary School Chai most often refers to: *Chai, a word for tea in numerous languages, derived from Chinese () *Masala chai, a blend of black tea and herbs and spices, originating in India Chai or CHAI may also refer to: People Names *Chai (surname) (柴 ...
and
Sham Tseng Catholic Primary School Sham may refer to: Arabic use * Al-Sham or Shām (شام), the historical name for the Greater Syria region, now most commonly known as the Levant or the eastern Mediterranean, including the modern countries of Syria, Lebanon, Palestine, Israel ...
, both now run by the
Roman Catholic Diocese of Hong Kong The Catholic Diocese of Hong Kong (; la, Dioecesis Sciiamchiamensis) is a Latin Church diocese of the Catholic Church. The diocese takes its name from the see city, the metropolitan area where the bishop resides. The Roman Catholic Diocese o ...
) *St. Patrick's School, a co-educational primary school, now managed by the
Catholic Diocese of Hong Kong The Catholic Diocese of Hong Kong (; la, Dioecesis Sciiamchiamensis) is a Latin Church , native_name_lang = la , image = San Giovanni in Laterano - Rome.jpg , imagewidth = 250px , alt = Façade ...
, *St. Patrick's Catholic Primary School (Po Kong Village Road), formerly PM section of St Patrick's School, also a co-educational primary school, now managed by the
Catholic Diocese of Hong Kong The Catholic Diocese of Hong Kong (; la, Dioecesis Sciiamchiamensis) is a Latin Church , native_name_lang = la , image = San Giovanni in Laterano - Rome.jpg , imagewidth = 250px , alt = Façade ...
*
Marymount Secondary School Marymount Secondary School (Abbreviation: MSS; Chinese: 瑪利曼中學; Demonym: Marymountian) is an all-girls Roman Catholic secondary school located in Happy Valley, Hong Kong Island, Hong Kong. The medium of instruction is English. It ...
initially known as the Holy Spirit School, then the
Maryknoll Sisters' School Maryknoll is a name shared by a number of related Catholic organizations, including the Maryknoll Fathers and Brothers (also known as the Catholic Foreign Mission Society of America or the Maryknoll Society), the Maryknoll Sisters, and the Mary ...
, a secondary school for girls founded in 1927. This is the very second school set up by Maryknollers in Hong Kong. *
Marymount Primary School Marymount Primary School () is a Catholic primary school currently located on Tai Hang Road, Happy Valley, Hong Kong Island, Hong Kong. The secondary school arm is Marymount Secondary School. Address: 336 Tai Hang Road, Happy Valley, HK. Map Te ...
, a primary school for girls, *
Maryknoll Convent School Maryknoll Convent School (MCS, ) is a Roman Catholic girls' school with primary and secondary sections at Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong. It was founded by the American Maryknoll Sisters in Hong Kong in 1925 at Kowloon Tsai, Hong Kong. MCS is a pres ...
, primary and secondary school for girls. The last three schools were in fact founded by the
Maryknoll Sisters of St. Dominic __NOTOC__ The Maryknoll Sisters of St. Dominic, or simply Maryknoll Sisters, are a group of Roman Catholic religious women founded in the village of Ossining, Westchester County, New York, in 1912, six months after the 1911 creation of the Mar ...
, commonly just known as the
Maryknoll Sisters __NOTOC__ The Maryknoll Sisters of St. Dominic, or simply Maryknoll Sisters, are a group of Roman Catholic (term), Roman Catholic religious institute, religious women founded in the Ossining (village), New York#Notable buildings, village of Ossinin ...
. Maryknoll Convent School is still managed by them in Hong Kong. However, sponsorship of the two Marymount schools was transferred to Christian Life Community. Nevertheless, these three schools are frequently viewed as members of the Maryknoll family in Hong Kong. (The first school managed by the Maryknollers in Hong Kong was called St. Louis Industrial School, between 1921 and 1927, run by Fr Raymond Lane and Brother
Albert Staubli Albert may refer to: Companies * Albert (supermarket), a supermarket chain in the Czech Republic * Albert Heijn, a supermarket chain in the Netherlands * Albert Market, a street market in The Gambia * Albert Productions, a record label * Alber ...
. Management of the school was handed over to the Salesians in 1927 and later renamed as St Louis School. Likewise, the first school founded by the Maryknollers in China was called St. Thomas School, a primary school in Yangjiang (previously known as Yeungkong) with the first graduation held in July 1923. The second school founded by the Maryknollers in China was called Sacred Heart School, also a primary school, set up by Fr
Bernard F. Meyer Bernard Francis Meyer, M.M. (June 16, 1891 – May 8, 1975) was an American Catholic missionary. As a member of the Catholic Foreign Mission Society of America (Maryknoll), he was assigned to missions in China. He served as the Prefect Apostolic ...
in Gaozhou (previously known as Kochow), with inauguration held on 5 October 1923. and first graduation in 1926 Fr
Adolph John Paschang Adolph John Paschang, MM (, 16 April 1895 – 3 February 1968) was an American Catholic bishop who was a member of the Maryknoll society. He was also a relief worker and educator working in the southern part of China in the early 20th c ...
once served in this Sacred Heart School in Gaozhou.)


Still run by Maryknoll Fathers and Brothers

* Maryknoll Secondary School, formerly known as Maryknoll Technical Secondary School, a co-educational secondary school, * Maryknoll College (Senior Form), formerly known as Maryknoll Technical Secondary Evening School, a private co-educational evening school, senior forms only, * Maryknoll Fathers' School secondary section, a co-educational secondary school, *Maryknoll Fathers' School (Primary Section), a co-educational primary school, *
Bishop Paschang Catholic School Bishop Paschang Catholic School () is a government-aided, whole day Roman Catholic coeducational primary school located in Kowloon Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong. The school is in Primary One Admission Net 46 of Kwun Tong. With the exception of ...
, formerly known as Bishop Paschang Memorial School, a co-educational primary school. This school was founded after the late Maryknoller, Bishop
Adolph John Paschang Adolph John Paschang, MM (, 16 April 1895 – 3 February 1968) was an American Catholic bishop who was a member of the Maryknoll society. He was also a relief worker and educator working in the southern part of China in the early 20th c ...
, who had suffered a lot for his missionary work in China.


Schools in Philippines

Several notable schools in Philippines were founded by Maryknoll Sisters. *
Maryknoll College Miriam College ( fil, Dalubhasaang Miriam) is a non-stock, non-profit Filipino Catholic educational institution for girls and young women in Quezon City, Philippines. It offers academic programs from pre-elementary to post-graduate and adult e ...
, (now
Miriam College Miriam College ( fil, Dalubhasaang Miriam) is a non-stock, non-profit Filipino Catholic educational institution for girls and young women in Quezon City, Philippines. It offers academic programs from pre-elementary to post-graduate and adult e ...
) primarily a women's school, was founded in 1953 in the eastern edge of
Diliman Quezon City (, ; fil, Lungsod Quezon ), also known as the City of Quezon and Q.C. (read in Filipino as Kyusi), is the List of cities in the Philippines, most populous city in the Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a populatio ...
(now Loyola Heights), in
Quezon city Quezon City (, ; fil, Lungsod Quezon ), also known as the City of Quezon and Q.C. (read in Filipino as Kyusi), is the List of cities in the Philippines, most populous city in the Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a populatio ...
,
Philippines The Philippines (; fil, Pilipinas, links=no), officially the Republic of the Philippines ( fil, Republika ng Pilipinas, links=no), * bik, Republika kan Filipinas * ceb, Republika sa Pilipinas * cbk, República de Filipinas * hil, Republ ...
. It evolved from the original Malabon Normal School. *
Maryknoll Academy Maryhill College ( fil, Dalubhasaang Maryhill) formerly Maryknoll is a non-stock, non-profit Roman Catholic basic and higher educational institution in Lucena City, Philippines. It was founded in 1938 initially named as Lucena Catholic School a ...
, (now
Maryhill College Maryhill College ( fil, Dalubhasaang Maryhill) formerly Maryknoll is a non-stock, non-profit Roman Catholic basic and higher educational institution in Lucena City, Philippines. It was founded in 1938 initially named as Lucena Catholic School a ...
) a co-educational primary and secondary school, was founded in 1938 initially name as Lucena Catholic School in the heart of
Lucena Lucena, officially the City of Lucena ( fil, Lungsod ng Lucena), is a 1st class highly urbanized city in the Calabarzon region of the Philippines. It is the capital city of the province of Quezon where it is geographically situated but, in t ...
(near St. Ferdinand Cathedral Parish), in
Quezon Province Quezon, officially the Province of Quezon ( tl, Lalawigan ng Quezon), is a province in the Philippines located in the Calabarzon region on Luzon. Kalilayan was the first known name of the province. It was later renamed Tayabas. In honor of the ...
,
Philippines The Philippines (; fil, Pilipinas, links=no), officially the Republic of the Philippines ( fil, Republika ng Pilipinas, links=no), * bik, Republika kan Filipinas * ceb, Republika sa Pilipinas * cbk, República de Filipinas * hil, Republ ...
. Management of the school was handed over to the lay administration in 1976 and later renamed as Maryhill Academy and on 1996 the status of the school change from Academy to College upon the opening of Higher Education Department now owned and managed by the
Roman Catholic Diocese of Lucena The Roman Catholic Diocese of Lucena ( lat, Dioecesis Lucenensis) is a diocese of the Roman Catholic Church in the Philippines with the seat in Lucena City. The Roman Rite Latin Church diocese was erected in 1950 from the Archdiocese of Lipa to ...
* Maryknoll Convent School in Baguio City which was renamed to Marishan School in 1977 was a co-educational primary school since 1933. (reference


See also

*
Catholic Church in China The Catholic Church in China (called Tiānzhǔ Jiào, 天主敎, literally "Religion of the Lord of Heaven" after the Chinese term for the Christian God) has a long and complicated history. John of Montecorvino was the first Roman Catholic ...
*
Catholic Church in Japan , native_name_lang = , image = File:Tabira Catholic Church 01.jpg , imagewidth = 300px , alt = , caption = The Tabira Catholic Church, Hirado, Nagasaki , abbreviation = , type ...
*
Catholic Church in Korea The Catholic Church in Korea is part of the worldwide Catholic Church, under the spiritual leadership of the pope in Rome. The Catholic hierarchy in Korea has never been divided between South and North, in the same manner as the Catholic hier ...
*
Consecrated life Consecrated life (also known as religious life) is a state of life in the Catholic Church lived by those faithful who are called to follow Jesus Christ in a more exacting way. It includes those in institutes of consecrated life (religious and se ...
*
Dalian Catholic Church Dalian Catholic Church () is a Christian Catholic church located in Dalian, China. It was built in 1926 and is the only Catholic church in Dalian. It is now a Historical Building protected by Dalian City. Brief history * During the time when ...
*
Institute of consecrated life An institute of consecrated life is an association of faithful in the Catholic Church erected by canon law whose members profess the evangelical counsels of chastity, poverty, and obedience by vows or other sacred bonds. They are defined in the ...
*
Roman Catholic Diocese of Jiangmen The Roman Catholic Diocese of Jiangmen/Kongmoon ( la, Chiammenen(sis), ) is a diocese located in the city of Jiangmen in the Ecclesiastical province of Guangzhou in China. History * January 31, 1924: Established as Apostolic Prefecture of ...
*
Secular institute In the Catholic Church, a secular institute is a type of institute of consecrated life in which consecrated persons profess the Evangelical counsels of celibate-chastity, poverty and obedience while living in the world, unlike members of a relig ...
* Society of apostolic life *
Maryknoll House (Stanley) Maryknoll House () is a Heritage conservation in Hong Kong, Grade I historic building located in Stanley, Hong Kong, Stanley, Hong Kong. History Built in 1935, Maryknoll House served as the local headquarters of the Maryknoll Fathers and Brother ...


References

52 "School History Maryhill.


External links

*
Maryknoll Fathers and Brothers website

Maryknoll Sisters website

Maryknoll Lay Missioners website

Maryknoll Affiliates website

Maryknoll Office of Global Concerns website
* Maryknoll Mission School at the Chinese Wikipedia {{Authority control 1911 establishments in New York (state) Christian organizations established in 1911 Catholic missionary orders Societies of apostolic life