Marie-José Villiers, Lady Villiers (30 April 1916 – 1 February 2015) was a British-born Belgian countess, born Countess Marie-José de la Barre d’Erquelinnes who worked as a British spy during World War II.

Early life

Villiers was born Marie José de la Barre d’Erquelinnes on April 30, 1916 at

Cuckfield Cuckfield ( ) is a village and civil parishes in England, civil parish in the Mid Sussex District, Mid Sussex District of West Sussex, England, on the southern slopes of the Weald. It lies south of London, north of Brighton, and east northeas ...

, Sussex to Berthe du Parc-Locmaria and Count (1885–1961), a politician in Belgium. Her mother had been a First World War Belgian refugee and was living with relatives in the Siltzer family (who were involved in Lancashire textile manufacturing) at the time of her daughter’s birth. After the end of World War I, the family returned to

Jurbise Jurbise (; nl, Jurbeke; pcd, Djurbize) is a municipality of Wallonia located in the province of Hainaut, Belgium. On 1 January 2006 the municipality had 9,571 inhabitants. The total area is 57.86 km², giving a population density of 165 in ...

. Villiers was educated at home before attending the Convent of the Assumption at

Mons Mons (; German and nl, Bergen, ; Walloon and pcd, Mont) is a city and municipality of Wallonia, and the capital of the province of Hainaut, Belgium. Mons was made into a fortified city by Count Baldwin IV of Hainaut in the 12th century. T ...

. She also attended a finishing school in

Haywards Heath Haywards Heath is a town in West Sussex, England, south of London, north of Brighton, south of Gatwick Airport and northeast of the county town, Chichester. Nearby towns include Burgess Hill to the southwest, Horsham to the northwest, Crawl ...

, Sussex. She was one of seven children, five boys and two girls.

World War II

In 1938 Villiers and her sister joined the newly formed Motor Corps of the Red Cross. She was trained as an ambulance driver and mechanic and, after the German forces invaded Belgium, she accompanied the Corps on missions throughout the country. While helping to evacuate patients from hospitals, her vehicle was strafed by enemy fighters and two of her charges died. After the

occupation of Belgium Occupation commonly refers to: * Occupation (human activity), or job, one's role in society, often a regular activity performed for payment * Occupation (protest), political demonstration by holding public or symbolic spaces * Military occupation, ...

in May 1940, Italian air force officers occupied her Villiers’s family chateau Villiers joined the newly formed Resistance and gathered information on German aircraft at the nearby Chièvres airfield. Villiers became part of “Service Zero”, initially headed by Charles Woeste. She was trained to recognise all the different aircraft by their silhouettes and draw target maps by the Resistance. Her work was of great value to British intelligence, which needed to know the proportion of bombers to fighter planes at any given time. She extended her intelligence activity to cover several German airfields in Belgium and northern France, and recruited agents to help her. She gathered intelligence on Italian forces based at her home in Jurbise, and on the Germans at her maternal grandfather du Parc’s château in Vlamertinge, in Flanders. She also helped downed Royal Air Force pilots and linked them to escape lines. Her Red Cross association was useful as cover, and she organised a canteen for the poor in Anderlecht, Brussels, which fed 20,000 people over the winter of 1941–2. By October 1942 Service Zero had been betrayed and many of its members, including Woeste, were arrested. With her family already in Britain, Villiers went underground until December, using an assumed name with her blond hair dyed black, before sneaking through France, Andorra and Spain where she managed to get a British passport before flying to London from Portugal in March 1943. In Britain, Villiers worked for Belgian Emergency Relief. In autumn 1944, she went to the American Delta Base in Marseille as a liaison officer in the Belgian army. She was demobilised in August 1945.

After World War II

Villiers met her husband, Charles English Hyde Villiers, after a British friend asked her to look after him because he had fallen ill while staying at a hotel in Brussels. The couple married in 1946. They then took a four-month honeymoon, travelling through Africa in an old Chevrolet delivery van to research investment opportunities. The couple had two daughters together, one of whom is

Diana Villiers Negroponte Diana Mary Villiers Negroponte (born August 14, 1947) is an English-born American trade lawyer, Global Fellow at the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, adjunct professor of international relations at the Elliot School of Internation ...

, in addition to Charles's sons from a previous marriage. After her marriage, Villiers became friends with the

Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother Elizabeth Angela Marguerite Bowes-Lyon (4 August 1900 – 30 March 2002) was Queen of the United Kingdom and the Dominions of the British Commonwealth from 11 December 1936 to 6 February 1952 as the wife of King George VI. She was the l ...

. Villiers trained as a school care worker and spent 20 years working in the

East End of London The East End of London, often referred to within the London area simply as the East End, is the historic core of wider East London, east of the Roman and medieval walls of the City of London and north of the River Thames. It does not have uni ...

. In December 1979 she identified a parcel sent to her home from Belgium as a bomb sent by the Provisional IRA, due to her war time training. She smuggled her husband past picket lines and into buildings during the industrial disputes which broke out at British Steel under his chairmanship. In 1988, she published ''Granny was a Spy'', an account of her wartime exploits.

Death

Villiers died on 1 February 2015, in Ascot, Berkshire aged 98.

Awards

For her wartime work, the Belgian government awarded her the Chevalier de l’Ordre de la Couronne with Palme, Croix de Guerre with Palme, Médaille de la Resistance, Médaille Commemorative de la Guerre 1940-45 and the Croix des Evades. The French government awarded her a

Croix de Guerre The ''Croix de Guerre'' (, ''Cross of War'') is a military decoration of France. It was first created in 1915 and consists of a square-cross medal on two crossed swords, hanging from a ribbon with various degree pins. The decoration was first awa ...

. From the American government, she received the Bronze Star.

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Villiers, Marie-Jose Belgian spies Belgian countesses 1916 births 2015 deaths World War II spies for the United Kingdom World War II memoirs Recipients of the Croix de Guerre 1939–1945 (France) Belgian resistance members