''Margarya'' is a
genus of large
operculate freshwater snail
Freshwater snails are gastropod mollusks which live in fresh water. There are many different families. They are found throughout the world in various habitats, ranging from ephemeral pools to the largest lakes, and from small seeps and springs ...
s,
aquatic gastropod
The gastropods (), commonly known as snails and slugs, belong to a large taxonomic class of invertebrates within the phylum Mollusca called Gastropoda ().
This class comprises snails and slugs from saltwater, from freshwater, and from land. T ...
mollusks in the family
Viviparidae
Viviparidae, sometimes known as the river snails or mystery snails, are a family of large operculate freshwater snails, aquatic gastropod mollusks.
This family is classified in the informal group Architaenioglossa according to the taxonomy of ...
.
[Bouchet, P. (2014). Margarya G. Nevill, 1877. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=758767 on 2014-12-10]
Taxonomy
The genus ''Margarya'' was described by Nevill (1877) based on shells of the type species collected by A.R. Margary from Lake Erhai, the type locality of ''
Margarya melanioides''.
Based on shell and radular morphology, Tchang & Tsi (1949) revised this genus for the first time and recognized seven distinct species.
He created two subgenera of ''Margarya'' , viz ''
Tchangmargarya'' and ''Mabillemargarya''.
The first molecular phylogeny showed that the genus ''Margarya'' is
polyphyletic and divided into three distinct clades.
Combining study of comparative morphology and molecular phylogeny, Zhang ''et al''. revised the systematics of ''Margarya'' and recognized eight genuine extant species. However, only four species were found belonging to ''Margarya'' s. str., the rest species belonging to distinct genus ''
Tchangmargarya'' or ''
Anularya
''Anularya'' is a genus of large operculate freshwater snails, aquatic gastropod mollusks in the family Viviparidae.
Distribution
The extant species of this genus appear to be endemic to Fuxian Lake, Xingyun Lake, Qilu Lake, Datun Lake and ...
''.
Distribution
This genus appear to be endemic to
Dian Lake,
Erhai Lake
Erhai or Er Lake (), is an alpine fault lake in Yunnan province, China. Erhai was also known as Yeyuze () or Kunming Lake () in ancient times.
Etymology
The character "洱" (er) does not have the same meaning as ear (耳). During the Han to Tang ...
,
Cibi Lake,
Jianhu Lake,
Xihu Lake, and
Lugu Lake in
Yunnan Province in the
China
China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. It is the world's most populous country, with a population exceeding 1.4 billion, slightly ahead of India. China spans the equivalent of five time zones and ...
.
Species
There are 4 extant species and 4 fossil species of ''Margarya'' s. str.
''
Margarya bicostata'' and ''
Margarya mansuyi'' are transferred to ''
Anularya
''Anularya'' is a genus of large operculate freshwater snails, aquatic gastropod mollusks in the family Viviparidae.
Distribution
The extant species of this genus appear to be endemic to Fuxian Lake, Xingyun Lake, Qilu Lake, Datun Lake and ...
''. ''
Margarya yangtsunghaiensis'' is transferred to ''
Tchangmargarya''.
Species within the genus ''Margarya'' include 8 species:
*(extant) ''
Margarya francheti''
(Mabille, 1886)
*(extant) ''
Margarya melanioides''
Nevill, 1877 - type species
*(extant) ''
Margarya monodi''
(Dautzenberg & Fischer, 1905)
*(extant) ''
Margarya oxytropoides''
(Heude, 1889)[Heude P. M. (1882–1890). Notes sur les mollusques terrestres de la Vallée du Fleuve Bleu. ''Mémoires concernant l′histoire naturelle de l′Empire chinois'' 1: 1–188.]
*(fossil) ''
Margarya spinicostata''
Li, 1987
*(fossil) ''
Margarya angulata''
Li, 1987
*(fossil) ''
Margarya nana''
Huang, 1986
*(fossil) ''
Margarya nanningensis''
Tian, Fuersich & Schneider 2013
Species brought into synonymy:
*''Margarya carinata''
(Neumayr, 1887): synonym of ''
Margarya melanioides''
Nevill, 1877
*''Vivipara delavayi''
(Mabille, 1886): synonym of ''
Margarya melanioides''
Nevill, 1877
*''Margarya tropidophora''
(Mabille, 1886): synonym of ''
Margarya francheti''
(Mabille, 1886)
*''Cipangopaludina dianchiensis''
Zhang, 1990: synonym of ''
Margarya oxytropoides''
(Heude, 1889)
*''Margarya melanioides dianchiensis''
Huang, 2007: synonym of ''
Margarya oxytropoides''
(Heude, 1889)
*''Margarya elongata''
Tchang & Tsi, 1949: synonym of ''
Margarya monodi''
(Dautzenberg & H. Fischer, 1905)
*''Margarya tchangsii''
Xia, 1982: synonym of ''
Margarya monodi''
(Dautzenberg & H. Fischer, 1905)
*''Margarya yangtsunghaiensis''
Tchang & Tsi, 1949: synonym of ''
Tchangmargarya yangtsunghaiensis'' (Tchang & Tsi, 1949)
*''Margarya yini''
(Tchang & Tsi, 1982): synonym of ''
Margarya monodi''
(Dautzenberg & H. Fischer, 1905)
Cladogram
The cladogram based on sequences of mitochondrial
16S ribosomal RNA
16 S ribosomal RNA (or 16 S rRNA) is the RNA component of the 30S subunit of a prokaryotic ribosome (SSU rRNA). It binds to the Shine-Dalgarno sequence and provides most of the SSU structure.
The genes coding for it are referred to as 16S rRNA ...
and
cytochrome-c oxidase I (COI), and nuclear
ITS2 genes showing the phylogenic relationships of the genus ''Margarya'' indicates that ''Margarya'' is
polyphyletic.
Margarya as traditionally delimited decayed into three distinct clades. The sister lineages of two of these clades are representatives from different viviparid genera, which are widely distributed in East and Southeast Asian rivers and lakes. These predominantly riparian viviparids also differ markedly in their shell morphology. Herein only genus-level phylogenic relationship is given, whereas relationship between lower taxonomic units deserve further study.
References
External links
Photo of ''Margarya melanoides'' with background of the lake*
Kobelt W. (1909). "Die Gattung ''Paludina'' Lam. (''Vivipara'' Montfort) (Neue Folge). In Abbildungen nach der Natur mit Beschreibungen". ''Systematisches Conchylien-Cabinet von Martini und Chemnitz'', Nürnberg, 1(21a): pp
97430, plates 15-77.
page 187193
table 3739.
*
*Yen T. C. (1943). "A preliminary revision of the Recent species of Chinese Viviparidae". ''
The Nautilus'' 56
124130.
{{Taxonbar, from=Q6122947
Viviparidae