''Mangifera'' is a genus of flowering plants in the

cashew The cashew tree (''Anacardium occidentale'') is a tropical evergreen tree native to South America in the genus ''Anacardium'' that produces the cashew seed and the cashew apple accessory fruit. The tree can grow as tall as , but the dwarf cult ...

family, Anacardiaceae. It contains approximately 69 species, with the best-known being the Common

Mango A mango is an edible stone fruit produced by the tropical tree ''Mangifera indica''. It is believed to have originated in the region between northwestern Myanmar, Bangladesh, and northeastern India. ''M. indica'' has been cultivated in South a ...

('' Mangifera indica''). The

center of diversity A center of origin is a geographical area where a group of organisms, either domesticated or wild, first developed its distinctive properties. They are also considered centers of diversity. Centers of origin were first identified in 1924 by Ni ...

of the genus is in the Malesian ecoregion of Southeast Asia; particularly in

Sumatra Sumatra is one of the Sunda Islands of western Indonesia. It is the largest island that is fully within Indonesian territory, as well as the sixth-largest island in the world at 473,481 km2 (182,812 mi.2), not including adjacent i ...

, Borneo, and the

Malay peninsula The Malay Peninsula (Malay: ''Semenanjung Tanah Melayu'') is a peninsula in Mainland Southeast Asia. The landmass runs approximately north–south, and at its terminus, it is the southernmost point of the Asian continental mainland. The area ...

. They are generally canopy trees in lowland rainforests, reaching a height of .

Uses

''Mangifera'' species are widely cultivated in Asia and elsewhere. More than 27 species in the genus bear edible, fleshy fruits, especially the Common

('' M. indica''). Others, such as '' M. foetida'', yield astringent fruits that can be eaten pickled. Mango wastes, such as the seed kernel and peel, have high functional and nutritional potential. Mango seed contains important bioactive compounds that have high

antioxidant Antioxidants are compounds that inhibit oxidation, a chemical reaction that can produce free radicals. This can lead to polymerization and other chain reactions. They are frequently added to industrial products, such as fuels and lubricant ...

activity, lipids that have acceptable physical and chemical characteristics (free of trans fatty acids), and a high protein content. The mango peel contains considerable amounts of antioxidants and

dietary fiber Dietary fiber (in British English fibre) or roughage is the portion of plant-derived food that cannot be completely broken down by human digestive enzymes. Dietary fibers are diverse in chemical composition, and can be grouped generally by the ...

Fossil record

The earliest fossil species thought to be related to ''Mangifera'' is ''Eomangiferophyllum damalgiriense'' from the upper Paleocene of northeastern India. Leaves have also been reported from the Paleocene of

Japan Japan ( ja, 日本, or , and formally , ''Nihonkoku'') is an island country in East Asia. It is situated in the northwest Pacific Ocean, and is bordered on the west by the Sea of Japan, while extending from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north ...

and the Eocene of Germany, though these have been considered questions. Leaf fossils confidently assignable to ''Mangifera'' have been collected from

Oligocene The Oligocene ( ) is a geologic epoch of the Paleogene Period and extends from about 33.9 million to 23 million years before the present ( to ). As with other older geologic periods, the rock beds that define the epoch are well identified but the ...

or early Miocene sediments in northern Thailand.

Taxonomy

Subgenera

*Subgenus ''Mangifera'' **Section ''Marchandora'' Pierre **Section ''Euantherae'' Pierre **Section ''Rawa'' Kosterm. **Section ''Mangifera'' Kosterm. *Subgenus ''Limus'' (Marchand) Kosterm.

Species

The following species names have been included: *'' Mangifera acutigemma'' Kosterm.; Unresolved *'' Mangifera altissima'' Blanco; Unresolved *''

Mangifera amba ''Mangifera indica'', commonly known as mango, is a species of flowering plant in the family Anacardiaceae. It is a large fruit tree, capable of growing to a height of . There are two distinct genetic populations in modern mangoesthe "Indian ...

'' Forssk.; Unresolved *'' Mangifera andamanica'' King; Unresolved *'' Mangifera anisodora Blanco; Unresolved *''

Mangifera applanata ''Mangifera applanata'' is a species of fruit bearing tree that is part of the family Anacardiaceae. Description The tree can grow up to a height of . The trunk of the tree can be free of branches for the first from the ground and it's bark ...

Kosterm.; Unresolved *''

Mangifera austro-indica ''Mangifera austro-indica'' is a species of plant in the family Anacardiaceae. It is native to Karnataka and Tamil Nadu in India. References austro-indica Flora of Karnataka Flora of Tamil Nadu Vulnerable plants Taxonomy articles ...

'' Kosterm.; Unresolved *''

Mangifera blommesteinii ''Mangifera blommesteinii'' is a species of plant in the family Anacardiaceae. It is a tree found in Peninsular Malaysia and Borneo. References blommesteinii Trees of Peninsular Malaysia Trees of Borneo Endangered plants Taxonomy ar ...

'' Kosterm.; Unresolved *'' Mangifera bullata'' Kosterm. Unresolved *'' Mangifera caesia'' Jack Accepted *'' Mangifera campnospermoides'' Kosterm. unresolved *'' Mangifera camptosperma'' Pierre Unresolved *''

Mangifera casturi ''Mangifera casturi'' (also called Kalimantan mango or kasturi) is a species of plant in the family Anacardiaceae. It was endemic to the Kalimantan region of Borneo, but is now considered extinct in the wild A species that is extinct in ...

'' Kosterm.; Accepted * ''

Mangifera cochinchinensis ''Mangifera'' is a genus of flowering plants in the cashew family, Anacardiaceae. It contains approximately 69 species, with the best-known being the Common Mango (''Mangifera indica''). The center of diversity of the genus is in the Malesian eco ...

'' Engl. Accepted ( Indo-China) *''

Mangifera collina ''Mangifera collina'' is a species of plant in the family Anacardiaceae. It is endemic to an area near Chiang Mai, Thailand Thailand ( ), historically known as Siam () and officially the Kingdom of Thailand, is a country in Southeast ...

'' Kosterm. Unresolved *''

Mangifera decandra ''Mangifera decandra'' is a species of mango trees in the genus '' Mangifera'' (family Anacardiaceae).Steenis, C. G. G. J. van, ed. 1948–. ''Flora malesiana.'' (F Males) It was described by Ding Hou in 1972.''The Mango: Botany, Production and ...

'' Ding Hou; Unresolved *'' Mangifera dewildei'' Kosterm. unresolved *''

Mangifera dongnaiensis ''Mangifera dongnaiensis''Pierre (1897) ''Fl. Forest. Cochinch.'' 21: s.p. is a species of plant in the family Anacardiaceae. It is an endangered endemic tree found in Vietnam Vietnam or Viet Nam ( vi, Việt Nam, ), officially the Socia ...

'' Pierre Accepted (Vietnam) *''

Mangifera flava ''Mangifera flava'' is a species of plant in the family Anacardiaceae. It is found in Cambodia and Vietnam Vietnam or Viet Nam ( vi, Việt Nam, ), officially the Socialist Republic of Vietnam,., group="n" is a country in Southeast Asia, ...

'' Evrard Accepted ( Indo-China) *''

Mangifera foetida ''Mangifera foetida'' (also called horse mango, malmut, limus, bachang and machang) is a species of plant in the family Anacardiaceae. It is found in wet-land rainforest regions of Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam ...

'' Lour. Accepted *''

Mangifera gedebi ''Mangifera gedebe'' is a species of plant in the family Anacardiaceae. In Javanese it is known as ''kedepir'', in Malay ''repeh'', in Sumatra it has been called ''gedepir'', and in Kalimantan ''kepi''. It is a tree, and can grow up to 30 met ...

'' Miq. unresolved *'' Mangifera gracilipes'' Hook.f. Unresolved *''

Mangifera griffithii ''Mangifera griffithii'' is a species of flowering plant, a fruit tree in the mango family, that is native to Southeast Asia. Description The tree grows to 30–40 m in height with a 20 m bole. The oval leaves are smooth and leathe ...

'' Hook.f. Unresolved *'' Mangifera indica'' L. Accepted: the common mango (type sp.) (synonym '' M. austroyunnanensis'' Hu) *'' Mangifera kemanga'' Blume Unresolved *''

Mangifera lalijiwa ''Mangifera lalijiwa'' is a species of plant in the family Anacardiaceae. It is native to Java and the Lesser Sunda Islands. It is threatened by habitat loss Habitat destruction (also termed habitat loss and habitat reduction) is the proces ...

'' Kosterm. Unresolved *''

Mangifera laurina ''Mangifera laurina'' is a species of flowering plant in the family Anacardiaceae. It commonly known as mangga kopyor, mangga pari in Indonesian. References {{Mangoes laurina Flora of Malesia Tropical fruit ...

'' Blume Accepted *''

Mangifera linearifolia ''Mangifera'' is a genus of flowering plants in the cashew family, Anacardiaceae. It contains approximately 69 species, with the best-known being the Common Mango (''Mangifera indica''). The center of diversity of the genus is in the Malesian ...

'' (Mukh.) Kosterm. Accepted *''

Mangifera macrocarpa ''Mangifera macrocarpa'' is a species of plant in the family Anacardiaceae. It is a tree found in Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, and Thailand. References macrocarpa ''Hesperocyparis macrocarpa'' is a coniferous tree. It is common ...

'' Blume Unresolved *'' Mangifera magnifica'' Kochummen Unresolved *''

Mangifera merrllii ''Mangifera'' is a genus of flowering plants in the cashew family, Anacardiaceae. It contains approximately 69 species, with the best-known being the Common Mango ('' Mangifera indica''). The center of diversity of the genus is in the Malesia ...

'' Mukherji Unresolved *''

Mangifera minutifolia ''Mangifera minutifolia'' is a species of plant in the family Anacardiaceae. It is endemic to Vietnam. References minutifolia Endemic flora of Vietnam Trees of Vietnam Vulnerable plants Taxonomy articles created by Polbot {{An ...

'' Evrard Accepted (Vietnam) *''

Mangifera monandra ''Mangifera monandra'' is a species of plant in the family Anacardiaceae. It is endemic to the Philippines. It is threatened by habitat loss Habitat destruction (also termed habitat loss and habitat reduction) is the process by which a nat ...

'' Merr. Unresolved *''

Mangifera nicobarica ''Mangifera nicobarica'' is a species of plant in the family Anacardiaceae. It is endemic to the Nicobar Islands The Nicobar Islands are an archipelagic island chain in the eastern Indian Ocean. They are located in Southeast Asia, north ...

'' Kosterm. Unresolved *'' Mangifera odorata'' Griff. Accepted *''

Mangifera orophila ''Mangifera orophila'' is a species of plant in the family Anacardiaceae. It is a tree endemic to Peninsular Malaysia. References orophila Endemic flora of Peninsular Malaysia Trees of Peninsular Malaysia Vulnerable plants Taxonomy ...

'' Kosterm. Unresolved *''

Mangifera pajang ''Mangifera pajang,'' commonly know as wild mango, is a species of tree in the family Anacardiaceae. It is endemic to Borneo, where it is known by the various native names: ''buah'' ''bambangan, buah mawang and buah embang''. Description It is ...

'' Kosterm. Unresolved *''

Mangifera paludosa ''Mangifera paludosa'' is a species of plant in the family Anacardiaceae. It is found in Indonesia, possibly Malaysia, and Singapore. References paludosa Endangered plants Taxonomy articles created by Polbot Taxa named by André Jos ...

'' Kosterm. Unresolved *''

Mangifera parvifolia ''Mangifera parvifolia'' is a species of plant in the family Anacardiaceae. It is a tree found in Indonesia, Malaysia, and Singapore. References parvifolia Trees of Malesia Least concern plants Taxonomy articles created by Polbot T ...

'' Boerl. & Koord. Unresolved *''

Mangifera pedicellata ''Mangifera pedicellata'' is a species of plant in the family Anacardiaceae. It is Endemism, endemic to Java in Indonesia. References

Mangifera, pedicellata Endemic flora of Java Vulnerable plants Taxonomy articles created by Polbot Taxa ...

'' Kosterm. Unresolved *''

Mangifera pentandra ''Mangifera pentandra'' is a species of plant in the family Anacardiaceae. It is found in Malaysia, Singapore, and possibly Thailand. References pentandra Trees of Malaya Trees of Borneo Vulnerable plants Taxonomy articles created ...

'' Hook.f. Unresolved *''

Mangifera persiciformis ''Mangifera persiciformis'' is a species of plant in the family Anacardiaceae. It is Endemism, endemic to southwestern China, where it is found in Funing County, Yunnan; southwestern Guizhou; and southern Guangxi. References

Mangifera, p ...

'' C.Y. Wu & T.L. Ming; Accepted (synonyms: ''M. persiciforma'' C.Y. Wu & T.L. Ming, '' Mangifera hiemalis'' J.Y. Liang ) *'' Mangifera pseudoindica'' Kosterm. Unresolved *''

Mangifera quadrifida ''Mangifera quadrifida'' is a species of plant in the family Anacardiaceae. It is a tree native to Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra and Borneo Borneo (; id, Kalimantan) is the third-largest island in the world and the largest in Asia. At th ...

'' Jack ex Wall. unresolved *'' Mangifera reba'' Pierre. Accepted *''

Mangifera rubropetala ''Mangifera rubropetala'' was a species of plant in the family Anacardiaceae. It was found in possibly Indonesia and Malaysia Malaysia ( ; ) is a country in Southeast Asia. The federation, federal constitutional monarchy consists of Stat ...

'' Kosterm. Accepted *''

Mangifera rufocostata ''Mangifera rufocostata'' (locally called asem kiat) is a species of plant in the family Anacardiaceae. It is a tree found in Sumatra Sumatra is one of the Sunda Islands of western Indonesia. It is the largest island that is fully with ...

'' Kosterm. Unresolved *''

Mangifera siamensis ''Mangifera indica'', commonly known as mango, is a species of flowering plant in the family Anacardiaceae. It is a large fruit tree, capable of growing to a height of . There are two distinct genetic populations in modern mangoesthe "Indian ...

'' Warb. ex W. G. Craib Accepted *''

Mangifera similis ''Mangifera similis'' is a species of plant in the family Anacardiaceae. It is endemic to Indonesia. References similis Trees of Sumatra Trees of Borneo Vulnerable plants Taxonomy articles created by Polbot {{Anacardiaceae-stu ...

'' Blume Unresolved *''

Mangifera sumbawaensis ''Mangifera sumbawaensis'' is a species of plant in the family Anacardiaceae. It is endemic to Indonesia. It is native to Sumbawa. Mangifera sumbawaensis is an evergreen tree, it can grow up to tall. The bole can be free of branches for up ...

'' Kosterm. Unresolved *''

Mangifera superba ''Mangifera superba'' is a species of plant in the family Anacardiaceae. It is a tree endemic to Peninsular Malaysia. References superba Endemic flora of Peninsular Malaysia Trees of Peninsular Malaysia Endangered plants Taxonomy ar ...

'' Hook.f. Unresolved *''

Mangifera swintonioides ''Mangifera'' is a genus of flowering plants in the cashew family, Anacardiaceae. It contains approximately 69 species, with the best-known being the Common Mango ('' Mangifera indica''). The center of diversity of the genus is in the Malesia ...

'' Kosterm. Accepted ( Malesia) *'' Mangifera sylvatica'' Roxb. Accepted *''

Mangifera taipa ''Mangifera caesia'' is a species of flowering plant in the cashew family, Anacardiaceae. Known in English as jack or white mango, among other names. It belongs to the same genus as the mango and is widely cultivated in areas of Indonesia, Malays ...

'' Buch.-Ham. Unresolved *'' Mangifera torquenda'' Kosterm. Unresolved *''

Mangifera transversalis ''Mangifera transversalis'' is a species of plant in the family Anacardiaceae. It is a tree endemic to the Maluku Islands in Indonesia. References transversalis Endemic flora of the Maluku Islands Trees of the Maluku Islands Vulnera ...

'' Kosterm. Unresolved *''

Mangifera zeylanica ''Mangifera zeylanica'' or "Sri Lanka wild mango" is a wild species of mango tree endemic to Sri Lanka. This stately tree is the tallest member of the mango genus, ''Mangifera'', and one of the two tallest trees in the family Anacardiaceae. The ...

'' (Blume) Hook.f. Unresolved

Formerly placed here

*''

Bouea oppositifolia ''Bouea oppositifolia'', also known as plum mango, kundang, kundangan or remenia, is a species of flowering plant, a fruit tree in the mango family, that is native to Indochina and Southeast Asia. Description The tree grows to 10–20 m ...

'' (Roxb.) Meisn. (as ''M. oppositifolia'' Roxb.) * '' Buchanania cochinchinensis'' (Lour.) M.R.Almeida (as ''M. axillaris'' Desr.) * ''

Elaeodendron ''Elaeodendron'' is a genus of flowering plants in the staff vine family, Celastraceae. Selected species * ''Elaeodendron australe'' Vent. * ''Elaeodendron croceum'' (Thunb.) DC. * ''Elaeodendron curtipendulum'' Endl. * ''Elaeodendron glaucum'' ...

glaucum'' (Rottb.) Pers. (as ''M. glauca'' Rottb.) * ''

Irvingia gabonensis ''Irvingia gabonensis'' is a species of African trees in the genus ''Irvingia'', sometimes known by the common names wild mango, African mango, or bush mango. They bear edible mango-like fruits, and are especially valued for their fat- and prote ...

'' (Aubry-Lecomte ex O'Rorke) Baill. (as ''M. gabonensis'' Aubry-Lecomte ex O'Rorke) * '' Fegimanra africana'' (Oliv.) Pierre. (as ''M. africana'' Oliv.) *''

Spondias pinnata ''Spondias pinnata'', sometimes also known as hog plum, is a species of tree with edible sour fruits. It is native to the Philippines and Indonesia, but has been widely naturalized in South Asia, Mainland Southeast Asia, Southern China, and the ...

'' (J.Koenig ex L.f.) Kurz (as ''M. pinnata'' J.Koenig ex L.f.)

References

{{Taxonbar, from=Q161807 Anacardiaceae genera