The fifth Mandala of the

Rigveda The ''Rigveda'' or ''Rig Veda'' ( ', from ' "praise" and ' "knowledge") is an ancient Indian collection of Vedic Sanskrit hymns (''sūktas''). It is one of the four sacred canonical Hindu texts (''śruti'') known as the Vedas. Only one Sh ...

has 87 hymns. Most hymns in this book are attributed to the

Atri Atri ( sa, अत्रि) or Attri is a Vedic sage, who is credited with composing numerous hymns to Agni, Indra, and other Vedic deities of Hinduism. Atri is one of the Saptarishi (seven great Vedic sages) in the Hindu tradition, and the on ...

family. The mandala is one of the "family books" (mandalas 2-7), the oldest core of the Rigveda, which were composed in early vedic period(1500-1000 BCE). The hymns are dedicated mainly to

Agni Agni (English: , sa, अग्नि, translit=Agni) is a Sanskrit word meaning fire and connotes the Vedic fire deity of Hinduism. He is also the guardian deity of the southeast direction and is typically found in southeast corners of Hindu ...

and

Indra Indra (; Sanskrit: इन्द्र) is the king of the devas (god-like deities) and Svarga (heaven) in Hindu mythology. He is associated with the sky, lightning, weather, thunder, storms, rains, river flows, and war. volumes/ref> I ...

, the

Visvadevas The Visvedevas () ( ' "all-gods") are the various Vedic gods taken together as a whole. In the Rigveda a number of hymns are addressed to them, including (according to Griffith) 1.3,1.89, 3.54-56, 4.55, 5.41-51, 6.49-52, 7.34-37, 39, 40, 42, 43, ...

, the

Maruts In Hinduism, the Maruts (; sa, मरुत), also known as the Marutagana and sometimes identified with Rudras, are storm deities and sons of Rudra and Prisni. The number of Maruts varies from 27 to sixty (three times sixty in RV 8.96.8). T ...

, the twin-deity Mitra-Varuna and the Asvins. Two hymns each are dedicated to

Ushas Ushas (Vedic Sanskrit: / ') is a Vedas, Vedic goddess of dawn in Hinduism. She repeatedly appears in the Rigvedic hymns, states David Kinsley, where she is "consistently identified with dawn, revealing herself with the daily coming of light to t ...

(the dawn) and to

Savitar Savitar may refer to: *Savitr, or Savitar, a Vedic solar deity associated with the Aditya class of divinities *Savitar (comics), a supervillain published by DC Comics *Savitar, a character from Sherrilyn Kenyon's Dark-Hunter series *''Savitar'', th ...

, one each to the

Apris Apri (') in Sanskrit means "conciliation, propitiation" and refers to special invocations spoken previous to the offering of oblations in an animal sacrifice. Some scholars have proposed however, that these hymns were originally meant for a family r ...

Parjanya Parjanya ( sa, पर्जन्य ) according to the Vedas is a deity of rain, thunder, lightning, and the one who fertilizes the earth. It is another epithet of Indra, the Vedic deity of the sky and heaven. Description It is assumed Parjanya is ...

(rain),

Prthivi Prithvi or Prithvi Mata ( Sanskrit: पृथ्वी, ', also पृथिवी, ', "the Vast One") is the Sanskrit name for the earth, as well as the name of a devi (goddess) in Hinduism and some branches of Buddhism. In the Vedas, her ...

(the Earth) and

Varuna Varuna (; sa, वरुण, , Malay: ''Baruna'') is a Vedic deity associated initially with the sky, later also with the seas as well as Ṛta (justice) and Satya (truth). He is found in the oldest layer of Vedic literature of Hinduism, such ...

. 5.40 addresses

Surya Surya (; sa, सूर्य, ) is the sun as well as the solar deity in Hinduism. He is traditionally one of the major five deities in the Smarta tradition, all of whom are considered as equivalent deities in the Panchayatana puja and a m ...

and

besides Indra.

List of incipits

The dedication as given by Griffith is in square brackets 5.1 (355) gni. 5.2 (356) gni. 5.3 (357) gni. 5.4 (358) gni. 5.5 (359) pris. 5.6 (360) gni. 5.7 (361) gni. 5.8 (362) gni. 5.9 (363) gni. 5.10 (364) gni. 5.11 (365) gni. 5.12 (366) gni. 5.13 (367) gni. 5.14 (368) gni. 5.15 (369) gni. 5.16 (370) gni. 5.17 (371) gni. 5.18 (372) gni. 5.19 (373) gni. 5.20 (374) gni. 5.21 (375) gni. 5.22 (376) gni. 5.23 (377) gni. 5.24 (378) gni. 5.25 (379) gni. 5.26 (380) gni. 5.27 (381) gni. 5.28 (382) gni. 5.29 (383) gni. 5.30 (384) ndra. 5.31 (385) ndra. 5.32 (386) ndra. 5.33 (387) ndra. 5.34 (388) ndra. 5.35 (389) ndra. 5.36 (390) ndra. 5.37 (391) ndra. 5.38 (392) ndra. 5.39 (393) ndra. 5.40 (394) ndra. Surya. Atri. 5.41 (395) isvedevas. 5.42 (396) isvedevas. 5.43 (397) isvedevas. 5.44 (398) isvedevas. 5.45 (399) isvedevas. 5.46 (400) isvedevas. 5.47 (401) isvedevas. 5.48 (402) isvedevas. 5.49 (403) isvedevas. 5.50 (404) isvedevas. 5.51 (405) isvedevas. 5.52 (406) aruts. 5.53 (407) aruts. 5.54 (408) aruts. 5.55 (409) aruts. 5.56 (410) aruts. 5.57 (411) aruts. 5.58 (412) aruts. 5.59 (413) aruts. 5.60 (414) aruts. 5.61 (415) aruts. 5.62 (416) itra-Varuna. 5.63 (417) itra-Varuna. 5.64 (418) itra-Varuna. 5.65 (419) itra-Varuna. 5.66 (420) itra-Varuna. 5.67 (421) itra-Varuna. 5.68 (422) itra-Varuna. 5.69 (423) itra-Varuna. 5.70 (424) itra-Varuna. 5.71 (425) itra-Varuna. 5.72 (426) itra-Varuna. 5.73 (427) svins. 5.74 (428) svins. 5.75 (429) svins. 5.76 (430) svins. 5.77 (431) svins. 5.78 (432) svins. 5.79 (433) awn. 5.80 (434) awn. 5.81 (435) avitar. 5.82 (436) avitar. 5.83 (437) arjanya. 5.84 (438) rthivi. 5.85 (439) aruna. 5.86 (440) ndra-Agni. 5.87 (441) aruts.

References

External links

* – English translation by

Ralph T. H. Griffith Ralph Thomas Hotchkin Griffith (1826–1906) was an English Indologist, a member of the Indian education service and among the first Europeans to translate the Vedas into English. He lived in the UK (Oxford) and in India (Benares and Nilgiris). ...

{{Rigveda Rigveda