This article is about the

demographic Demography () is the statistical study of populations, especially human beings. Demographic analysis examines and measures the dimensions and dynamics of populations; it can cover whole societies or groups defined by criteria such as edu ...

features of the

population Population typically refers to the number of people in a single area, whether it be a city or town, region, country, continent, or the world. Governments typically quantify the size of the resident population within their jurisdiction using a ...

Malawi Malawi (; or aláwi Tumbuka: ''Malaŵi''), officially the Republic of Malawi, is a landlocked country in Southeastern Africa that was formerly known as Nyasaland. It is bordered by Zambia to the west, Tanzania to the north and northeast ...

, including

population density Population density (in agriculture: standing stock or plant density) is a measurement of population per unit land area. It is mostly applied to humans, but sometimes to other living organisms too. It is a key geographical term.Matt RosenberPopul ...

ethnicity An ethnic group or an ethnicity is a grouping of people who identify with each other on the basis of shared attributes that distinguish them from other groups. Those attributes can include common sets of traditions, ancestry, language, history, ...

, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population.

derives its name from the

Maravi Maravi was a kingdom which straddled the current borders of Malawi, Mozambique, and Zambia, in the 16th century. The present-day name " Maláŵi" is said to derive from the Chewa word "malaŵí", which means "flames". History At its greatest ex ...

, a

Bantu Bantu may refer to: *Bantu languages, constitute the largest sub-branch of the Niger–Congo languages *Bantu peoples, over 400 peoples of Africa speaking a Bantu language * Bantu knots, a type of African hairstyle *Black Association for National ...

people who came from the southern

Congo Congo or The Congo may refer to either of two countries that border the Congo River in central Africa: * Democratic Republic of the Congo, the larger country to the southeast, capital Kinshasa, formerly known as Zaire, sometimes referred to a ...

about 600 years ago. On reaching the area north of

Lake Malawi Lake Malawi, also known as Lake Nyasa in Tanzania and Lago Niassa in Mozambique, is an African Great Lake and the southernmost lake in the East African Rift system, located between Malawi, Mozambique and Tanzania. It is the fifth largest fre ...

, the Maravi divided. One branch, the ancestors of the present-day Chewas, moved south to the west bank of the lake. The other, the ancestors of the

Nyanja Chewa (also known as Nyanja, ) is a Bantu language spoken in much of Southern, Southeast and East Africa, namely the countries of Malawi , where it is an official language, and Mozambique and Zambia. The noun class prefix ''chi-'' is used for l ...

s, moved down the east bank to the southern part of the country. By AD 1500, the two divisions of the tribe had established a kingdom stretching from north of the present-day city of

Nkhotakota Nkhotakota (Un-kho-tah-kho-tuh) (formerly Kota Kota) (name derived from the Chichewa for "Corner Corner") is a town and one of the districts in the Central Region, Malawi, Central Region of Malawi. It is on the shore of Lake Malawi (formerly Lak ...

to the Zambezi River in the south, and from

in the east, to the

Luangwa River The Luangwa River is one of the major tributaries of the Zambezi River, and one of the four biggest rivers of Zambia. The river generally floods in the rainy season (December to March) and then falls considerably in the dry season. It is one of ...

Zambia Zambia (), officially the Republic of Zambia, is a landlocked country at the crossroads of Central Africa, Central, Southern Africa, Southern and East Africa, although it is typically referred to as being in Southern Africa at its most cent ...

in the west. Migrations and tribal conflicts precluded the formation of a cohesive Malawian society until the turn of the 20th century. In more recent years, ethnic and tribal distinctions have diminished. Regional distinctions and rivalries, however, persist. Despite some clear differences, no significant friction currently exists between tribal groups, and the concept of a Malawian nationality has begun to take hold. Predominantly a rural people, Malawians are generally conservative and traditionally nonviolent. The Chewas constitute 90% of the population of the central region; the

tribe predominates in the south and the Tumbuka in the north. In addition, significant numbers of the

Tonga Tonga (, ; ), officially the Kingdom of Tonga ( to, Puleʻanga Fakatuʻi ʻo Tonga), is a Polynesian country and archipelago. The country has 171 islands – of which 45 are inhabited. Its total surface area is about , scattered over in ...

s live in the north; Ngonis—an offshoot of the Zulus who came from

South Africa South Africa, officially the Republic of South Africa (RSA), is the southernmost country in Africa. It is bounded to the south by of coastline that stretch along the South Atlantic and Indian Oceans; to the north by the neighbouring countri ...

in the early 19th century—live in the lower northern and lower central regions; and the Yao, who are mostly

Muslim Muslims ( ar, المسلمون, , ) are people who adhere to Islam, a monotheistic religion belonging to the Abrahamic tradition. They consider the Quran, the foundational religious text of Islam, to be the verbatim word of the God of Abrah ...

, predominate in the Southern Region of the country and live in a wide band from

Blantyre Blantyre () is Malawi's centre of finance and commerce, and its second largest city, with an enumerated 800,264 inhabitants . It is sometimes referred to as the commercial and industrial capital of Malawi as opposed to the political capital, L ...

and Zomba north to Lake Malawi and east to the border with

Mozambique Mozambique (), officially the Republic of Mozambique ( pt, Moçambique or , ; ny, Mozambiki; sw, Msumbiji; ts, Muzambhiki), is a country located in southeastern Africa bordered by the Indian Ocean to the east, Tanzania to the north, Malawi ...

. Bantus of other tribes came from

as refugees.

Population

According to the total population was in , compared to only 2 881 000 in 1950. The proportion of children below the age of 15 in 2010 was 45.8%, 51.1% was between 15 and 65 years of age, while 3.1% was 65 years or older.Population Division of the Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations Secretariat, World Population Prospects: The 2010 Revision
Total and Percent Distribution of Population by Single Year of Age (Census 09.03.2018) Structure of the population (DHS 2014) (Males 6 855, Females 7 125 = 13 979) :

UN population projections

Numbers are in thousands. UN medium variant projections *2015 17,522 *2020 20,677 *2025 24,212 *2030 28,173 *2035 32,667 *2040 37,797 *2045 43,521 *2050 49,719

Vital statistics

Registration of vital events is in Malawi not complete. The website Our World in Data prepared the following estimates based on statistics from the Population Department of the

United Nations The United Nations (UN) is an intergovernmental organization whose stated purposes are to maintain international peace and international security, security, develop friendly relations among nations, achieve international cooperation, and be ...

Fertility and births

Total Fertility Rate (TFR) (Wanted Fertility Rate) and Crude Birth Rate (CBR): Fertility data as of 2016 (DHS Program):

Other demographic statistics

Demographic statistics according to the World Population Review in 2019. *One birth every 48 seconds *One death every 4 minutes *One net migrant every 65 minutes *Net gain of one person every 59 seconds The following demographic are from the

CIA World Factbook ''The World Factbook'', also known as the ''CIA World Factbook'', is a reference resource produced by the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) with almanac-style information about the countries of the world. The official print version is available ...

unless otherwise indicated.

Population

:20,794,353 (2022 est.) :19,842,560 (July 2018 est.) :19,196,246 (July 2017 est.)

Religions

Protestant 33.5% (includes Church of Central Africa Presbyterian 14.2%, Seventh Day Adventist/Baptist 9.4%, Pentecostal 7.6%, Anglican 2.3%), Roman Catholic 17.2%, other Christian 26.6%, Muslim 13.8%, traditionalist 1.1%, other 5.6%, none 2.1% (2018 est.)

Age structure

Malawi single age population pyramid 2020

:''0-14 years:'' 45.87% (male 4,843,107/female 4,878,983) :''15-24 years:'' 20.51% (male 2,151,417/female 2,195,939) :''25-54 years:'' 27.96% (male 2,944,936/female 2,982,195) :''55-64 years:'' 2.98% (male 303,803/female 328,092) :''65 years and over:'' 2.68% (2020 est.) (male 249,219/female 318,938) :''0-14 years:'' 46.17% (male 4,560,940 /female 4,600,184) :''15-24 years:'' 20.58% (male 2,023,182 /female 2,059,765) :''25-54 years:'' 27.57% (male 2,717,613 /female 2,752,983) :''55-64 years:'' 3% (male 284,187 /female 310,393) :''65 years and over:'' 2.69% (male 234,776 /female 298,537) (2018 est.)

Birth rate

:27.94 births/1,000 population (2022 est.) Country comparison to the world: 38th :40.7 births/1,000 population (2018 est.) Country comparison to the world: 8th :41 births/1,000 population (2017 est.)

Death rate

:4.58 deaths/1,000 population (2022 est.) Country comparison to the world: 206th :7.7 deaths/1,000 population (2018 est.) Country comparison to the world: 100th :7.9 deaths/1,000 population (2017 est.)

Total fertility rate The total fertility rate (TFR) of a population is the average number of children that would be born to a woman over her lifetime if: # she were to experience the exact current age-specific fertility rates (ASFRs) through her lifetime # she were t ...

:3.4 children born/woman (2022 est.) Country comparison to the world: 41st :4 children born/woman (2018 est.) Country comparison to the world: 9th

Population growth rate

:2.34% (2022 est.) Country comparison to the world: 31st :3.31% (2018 est.) Country comparison to the world: 3rd :3.31% (2017 est.)

Median age

:total: 16.8 years. Country comparison to the world: 221st :male: 16.7 years :female: 16.9 years (2020 est.) :total: 16.6 years. Country comparison to the world: 223rd :male: 16.5 years :female: 16.8 years (2018 est.)

Mother's mean age at first birth

:18.9 years (2015/16 est.) :note: median age at first birth among women 25-29

Contraceptive prevalence rate

:59.2% (2015/16)

Net migration rate

:0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2022 est.) Country comparison to the world: 91st :0 migrants/1,000 population (2017). There is an increasing flow of Zimbabweans into South Africa and Botswana in search of better economic opportunities.

Dependency ratios

:total dependency ratio: 91 (2015 est.) :youth dependency ratio: 85.3 (2015 est.) :elderly dependency ratio: 5.7 (2015 est.) :

potential support ratio The potential support ratio (PSR) is the number of people age 15–64 per one older person aged 65 or older. This ratio describes the burden placed on the working population (unemployment and children are not considered in this measure) by the non ...

: 17.4 (2015 est.)

Urbanization

:urban population: 18% of total population (2022) :rate of urbanization: 4.41% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.) :''urban population:'' 16.9% of total population (2018) :''rate of

urbanization Urbanization (or urbanisation) refers to the population shift from rural to urban areas, the corresponding decrease in the proportion of people living in rural areas, and the ways in which societies adapt to this change. It is predominantly t ...

:'' 4.19% annual rate of change (2015-20 est.)

Life expectancy at birth

:total population: 72.44 years. Country comparison to the world: 154th male: 69.33 years female: 75.59 years (2022 est.) :total population: 62.2 years (2018 est.) :male: 60.2 years (2018 est.) :female: 64.3 years (2018 est.) : ''total population:'' 61.7 years : ''male:'' 59.7 years : ''female:'' 63.8 years (2017 est.)

Sex ratio

* ''at birth:'' 1.03 male(s)/female * ''under 15 years:'' 1 male(s)/female * ''15-64 years:'' 0.97 male(s)/female * ''65 years and over:'' 0.69 male(s)/female * ''total population:'' 0.97 male(s)/female (2000 est.)

Ratio of medical doctors to general population

1 Doctor/65,000 Malawians

Major infectious diseases

:degree of risk: very high (2020) :food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever :vectorborne diseases: malaria and dengue fever :water contact diseases: schistosomiasis :animal contact diseases: rabies note: on 21 March 2022, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) issued a Travel Alert for polio in Africa; Malawi is currently considered a high risk to travelers for circulating vaccine-derived polioviruses (cVDPV); vaccine-derived poliovirus (VDPV) is a strain of the weakened poliovirus that was initially included in oral polio vaccine (OPV) and that has changed over time and behaves more like the wild or naturally occurring virus; this means it can be spread more easily to people who are unvaccinated against polio and who come in contact with the stool or respiratory secretions, such as from a sneeze, of an “infected” person who received oral polio vaccine; the CDC recommends that before any international travel, anyone unvaccinated, incompletely vaccinated, or with an unknown polio vaccination status should complete the routine polio vaccine series; before travel to any high-risk destination, CDC recommends that adults who previously completed the full, routine polio vaccine series receive a single, lifetime booster dose of polio vaccine

Nationality

* ''noun:'' Malawian(s) * ''adjective:'' Malawian

Ethnic groups

* Chewa 34.3% * Lomwe 18.8% * Yao 13.2% * Ngoni 10.4% * Tumbuka 9.2% *

Sena Sena may refer to: Places * Sanandaj or Sena, city in northwestern Iran * Sena (state constituency), represented in the Perlis State Legislative Assembly * Sena, Dashtestan, village in Bushehr Province, Iran * Sena, Huesca, municipality in Huesc ...

3.8% *

Mang'anja The Mang'anja are a Bantu people of central and southern Africa, particularly around Chikwawa in the Shire River valley of southern Malawi. They speak a dialect of the Nyanja language, and are a branch of the Amaravi people. As of 1996 their popul ...

3.2% *

1.8% *

1.8% * Nyakyusa 1% *

Europeans Europeans are the focus of European ethnology, the field of anthropology related to the various ethnic groups that reside in the states of Europe. Groups may be defined by common genetic ancestry, common language, or both. Pan and Pfeil (2004) ...

0.04% *Other 2.5%

Languages

English English usually refers to: * English language * English people English may also refer to: Peoples, culture, and language * ''English'', an adjective for something of, from, or related to England ** English national ide ...

(official) *

Chichewa Chewa (also known as Nyanja, ) is a Bantu language spoken in much of Southern, Southeast and East Africa, namely the countries of Malawi , where it is an official language, and Mozambique and Zambia. The noun class prefix ''chi-'' is used for la ...

(official) - 6,500,000 *

Chiyao Yao is a Bantu language in Africa with approximately two million speakers in Malawi, and half a million each in Tanzania and Mozambique. There are also some speakers in Zambia. In Malawi, the main dialect is Mangochi, mostly spoken around Lake ...

- 1,760,000 *

Chitumbuka The Tumbuka language is a Bantu language which is spoken in the Northern Region of Malawi and Zambia in the districts of Lundazi, Lumezi, and Chasefu.Chilomwe - 2,290,000 * Chingoni - 37,500 * Chimakhuwa - 200,000 * Chisena - 468,000 * Chitonga - 271,000 * Chinyika - 5,000 * Chinyiha - 10,000 * Chindali - 70,000 * Chinyakyusa - 149,000 * Chilambya - 59,500 *

Afrikaans Afrikaans (, ) is a West Germanic language that evolved in the Dutch Cape Colony from the Dutch vernacular of Holland proper (i.e., the Hollandic dialect) used by Dutch, French, and German settlers and their enslaved people. Afrikaans gra ...

- 26,000

Education expenditures

:2.9% of GDP (2020) :country comparison to the world: 159

Literacy

''definition:'' age 15 and over can read and write : ''total population:'' 62.1% : ''male:'' 69.8% : ''female:'' 55.2% (2015 est.)

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)

:total: 11 years (2011) :male: 11 years (2011) :female: 11 years (2011)

Unemployment, youth ages 15-24

:total: 8.5% :male: 6.7% :female: 10.6% (2017 est.)

White Malawians

There has been reported a 7,400 white population. White Malawians are primarily of English and Scottish ancestry, however there are small numbers who are of Dutch, French, Italian, Greek, Spanish, Portuguese, Middle Eastern, Belgian, Scandinavian, or German background. White Malawians live in

Lilongwe Lilongwe (, , ) is the capital and most populated city of the African country of Malawi. It has a population of 989,318 as of the 2018 Census, up from a population of 674,448 in 2008. In 2020 that figure was 1,122,000. The city is located in th ...

, Dedza, Dowa,

Kasungu Kasungu is a town in the Kasungu District of the Central Region of Malawi. The population of Kasungu was 58,653 according to the 2018 census. Kasungu is approximately north-west of the capital of Malawi, Lilongwe, and is east of Kasungu Nati ...

Mchinji Mchinji is a town and the capital of the Mchinji District in the Central Region of Malawi. Mchinji Boma, located from the Zambian border and from the national capital, Lilongwe, is the major hub of government and general business. It has a m ...

Ntcheu Ntcheu is a town located in the Central Region of Malawi. It is the administrative capital of Ntcheu District Ntcheu is a district in the Central Region of Malawi. It borders with the country of Mozambique. The district headquarters is Ntcheu ...

Ntchisi Ntchisi is a town located in the Central Region, Malawi, Central Region of Malawi. It is the administrative capital of Ntchisi District. Demographics Healthcare Ntchisi is served by a District hospital located at the capital and several healt ...

, Salima,

Chitipa Chitipa is the capital of Chitipa District, Malawi and the birthplace of Malawian lawyer, politician, and philanthropist James Mbowe Nyondo, James Nyondo. It is also known as Fort Hill. It is very near Malawi's tri-point border with Zambia and ...

Karonga Karonga is a township in the Karonga District in Northern Region of Malawi. Located on the western shore of Lake Nyasa, it was established as a slaving centre sometime before 1877. As of 2018 estimates, Karonga has a population of 61,609. His ...

, Likoma, Mzimba, Nkhata Bay,

Rumphi Rumphi is the capital of the Rumphi District (Rumphi Boma) in the Northern Region of Malawi. It is a lively town with a market which serves the widespread farming community. Rumphi is noted for the kindness of the people (it is even rude to pa ...

, Balaka,

Chikwawa Chikwawa is a town with a population of 6,114 according to the 2018 census located in the Southern Region of Malawi on the west bank of the Shire River. It is the administrative capital of the Chikwawa District. Chikwawa lies almost south of Bla ...

, Chiradzulu, Machinga, Mangochi,

Mulanje Mulanje, formerly called Mlanje, is a town in the Southern Region of Malawi, close to the border with Mozambique, to the east. It is near the Mulanje Massif. Location The town of Mulanje lies along the M-2 highway from Thyolo to the west to t ...

, Mwanza,

Nsanje Nsanje (formerly Port Herald) is the main city in Nsanje District within the Southern Region of Malawi. The intense urbanization in the fertile Shire River valley has formed an extensive urbanized zone that runs from the city of Bangula, furth ...

Thyolo Thyolo is a town located in the Southern Region of Malawi. It is the administrative capital of Thyolo District. Traditional Authority Mphuka in Thyolo District is one of the 10 Traditional Authorities in Thyolo District in Malawi. There are a n ...

Phalombe Phalombe is a town in Malawi. It is the district capital of Phalombe District. Location Phalombe is located about , by road, north-east of Mulanje, along the T408 Road. This is approximately , by road, east of Blantyre, the financial capital ...

, Zomba, and Mzuzu.

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Demographics Of Malawi Society of Malawi

Population

UN population projections

Vital statistics

Fertility and births

Other demographic statistics

Population

Religions

Age structure

Birth rate

Death rate

Total fertility rate The total fertility rate (TFR) of a population is the average number of children that would be born to a woman over her lifetime if: # she were to experience the exact current age-specific fertility rates (ASFRs) through her lifetime # she were t ...

Population growth rate

Median age

Mother's mean age at first birth

Contraceptive prevalence rate

Net migration rate

Dependency ratios

Urbanization

Life expectancy at birth

Sex ratio

Ratio of medical doctors to general population

Major infectious diseases

Nationality

Ethnic groups

Languages

Education expenditures

Literacy

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)

Unemployment, youth ages 15-24

White Malawians

See also

References