Mahmud Celaleddin Efendi

Mahmud Celaleddin Efendi ( ota, محمود جلال الدين Modern Turkish: ''Mahmud Celaleddin Efendi'') (d. 1829) was an Ottoman calligrapher.

Life and work

Born in the Dagestan region of Caucasia, his exact date of birth is uncertain. However, scholars have used an analysis of the progression of his skill and level of competence to estimate his date of birth as approximately 1750. As a boy, he moved to Istanbul with his father, Mahmud Jalaleddin, who had migrated together with Mehmed Efendi, one of the Shayshandy sheikhs. When he began practising as a calligrapher, he assumed the name ''Celaleddin Efendi''.

He began his formal training with Abdullatif Efendi, who was a student of Ak Molla Omer Efendi and Hoca Râsim Efendi. However, following disagreements about style, he abandoned this tuition and was largely self-taught. He applied himself rigorously to an analysis of the works of the great 17th-century calligrapher, Hâfiz Osman.

Like his contemporaries, Mustafa Râkim and İsmail Zühdi, Celaleddin worked on improving Arabic scripts. At the time, no artist had been able to achieve a style of ''sülüs'' that was aesthetically pleasing. Celaleddin adapted the style of Hâfiz Osman to one better suited to his own tastes. He also developed versions of ''sülüs'' and ''naskh'' that were strong and confident. The Sultan Abdulmecid had been one of Celaleddin's students and he encouraged the court calligraphers to produce works in Celaladdin's style. However, his style was short-lived because his version of ''celî sülüs'' was rigid and static and his scripts were ultimately abandoned in favour of Mustafa Râkim's more dynamic scripts.

He married his student, Esmâ Ibret Hanim (b. 1780). When he was initially shown samples of her writing, it was so good and so uncharacteristically "female" that he did not believe it was her work. On investigation, however, he was satisfied of her talent and agreed to accept her as a pupil.M. Uğur Derman, ''Letters in Gold: Ottoman Calligraphy from the Sakıp Sabancı Collection, Istanbul'', New York, Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1998, p. 108 Later, he married her. The pair both lived long lives.Ünal Kurtçu, ''Boğaziçi Tiryakiliği'', Elips Kitap, Bosporus (Turkey), 2007, p. 123

During his career, he produced many prayer books, ''murakkaa'', ''hilye'' and plates with excellent inscriptions. He also produced many monumental inscriptions including for the Imaret of Eyüp Sultan Mosque and the tomb of Mihrişah Sultan.

He was living in Istavroz (Beylerbeyi's current Abdullahaga district) on the Bosphorus, at the time of his death in 1829 and was buried in the Sheikh Murad Lodge near Eyüp Sultan.
"MAHMUD CELÂLEDDİN EFENDİ" iographical Notes ''Islam Encyclopedia''
Online:
(translated from Turkish) He is buried next to his wife.

An illuminated Hilye, signed by Mahmud Celaleddin.jpg, Hilye dated 1202 AH (1787-88)
Khalili Collection Islamic Art cal 0244.jpg, Calligraphic panel with eight hadiths, 1790-91 (1205 AH). Khalili Collection of Islamic Art
Signed Mahmud Celaleddin - Levha (calligraphic inscription) - Google Art Project.jpg, Levha (calligraphic inscription) in celi sülüs script. 18th century. Sakıp Sabancı Museum
Calligraphic composition by Mahmud Celâleddin (SHM 15614).jpg, Calligraphic composition. Early 19th century. Sadberk Hanım Museum

References

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Ottoman culture
Calligraphers from the Ottoman Empire
1829 deaths
Year of birth missing
18th-century artists from the Ottoman Empire
19th-century artists from the Ottoman Empire