Mohammad Shirin Maghrebi Tabrizi, known as Shirin or
Mullah
Mullah (; ) is an honorific title for Shia and Sunni Muslim clergy or a Muslim mosque leader. The term is also sometimes used for a person who has higher education in Islamic theology and sharia law.
The title has also been used in some Miz ...
Mohammad Shirin also known as Shams Maghrebi lived between years 1348 AD until 1406 AD (749-809 AH), is an Iranian poet and a
Mystic and a
Sufi
Sufism ( ar, ''aṣ-ṣūfiyya''), also known as Tasawwuf ( ''at-taṣawwuf''), is a mystic body of religious practice, found mainly within Sunni Islam but also within Shia Islam, which is characterized by a focus on Islamic spirituality, ...
of the second half of the eighth century AH.
[
][
]
The reason for his fame and nickname to the
Maghrebi
Maghrebi Arabic (, Western Arabic; as opposed to Eastern or Mashriqi Arabic) is a vernacular Arabic dialect continuum spoken in the Maghreb region, in Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya, Western Sahara, and Mauritania. It includes Moroccan, Alge ...
is considered by some to be his trip to
Morocco
Morocco (),, ) officially the Kingdom of Morocco, is the westernmost country in the Maghreb region of North Africa. It overlooks the Mediterranean Sea to the north and the Atlantic Ocean to the west, and has land borders with Algeria to ...
(called Maghreb in
Persian
Persian may refer to:
* People and things from Iran, historically called ''Persia'' in the English language
** Persians, the majority ethnic group in Iran, not to be conflated with the Iranic peoples
** Persian language, an Iranian language of the ...
) and wearing a cloak by one of
Ibn Arabi's relatives.
[
Maghrebi in his beliefs was a follower of Ismaeel Sisi][
][
] and was a good fellow of Noureddin Abdul Rahman Esfarayeni[
][
][
] and a companion of Kamal Khujandi
Kamal Khujandi (1320-1400 AD, fa, کمال خجندی), also Kamal Khojandi, Kamaleddin Khojandi, or Kamal-E Khojandi, was a Persian Sufi and Persian ghazal poet of the 14th century (8th century hijri).
He was born in Khujand, today the capi ...
.[
][
][
][
][
] In addition to Ismaeel Sisi, his other teachers are: Baha'uddin Hamedani, Mohiuddin Ibn Arabi, Sa'ad al-Din Tabrizi and Abdul Momen Saravi. Some have attributed him to the method of Suhrawardiyya
The Suhrawardiyya ( ar, سهروردية, fa, سهروردیه) is a Sufi order founded by Abu al-Najib Suhrawardi (died 1168). Lacking a centralised structure, it eventually divided into various branches. The order was especially prominent in I ...
or Marufieh.[
] Although some of his teachers were raised to be followers of the first tradition, his works indicate that he was strongly interested in the second tradition and the views of Ibn Arabi
Ibn ʿArabī ( ar, ابن عربي, ; full name: , ; 1165–1240), nicknamed al-Qushayrī (, ) and Sulṭān al-ʿĀrifīn (, , 'Sultan of the Knowers'), was an Arab Andalusian Muslim scholar, mystic, poet, and philosopher, extremely influenti ...
and his disciples.
According to Ibn Karbalaei, Shamsuddin Eqtabi and his son Abdul Rahim Khuluti Mashreqi
Abdul (also transliterated as Abdal, Abdel, Abdil, Abdol, Abdool, or Abdoul; ar, عبد ال, ) is the most frequent transliteration of the combination of the Arabic word '' Abd'' (, meaning "Servant") and the definite prefix '' al / el'' (, mea ...
were both Maghrebi Tabrizi's disciples.[
][ In addition to ]Persian
Persian may refer to:
* People and things from Iran, historically called ''Persia'' in the English language
** Persians, the majority ethnic group in Iran, not to be conflated with the Iranic peoples
** Persian language, an Iranian language of the ...
, poems in Arabic
Arabic (, ' ; , ' or ) is a Semitic languages, Semitic language spoken primarily across the Arab world.Semitic languages: an international handbook / edited by Stefan Weninger; in collaboration with Geoffrey Khan, Michael P. Streck, Janet C ...
and Azeri Fahlavi have been obtained from him.[
][
] Most of these poems are mystical
Mysticism is popularly known as becoming one with God or the Absolute, but may refer to any kind of ecstasy or altered state of consciousness which is given a religious or spiritual meaning. It may also refer to the attainment of insight in u ...
subjects, especially the unity of existence, the importance of conduct, closeness and the mystical state of the seeker.[
]
Book
His book of poems is called Divan-e Shams-e Maghrebi.[
][ Maghrebi poetry, especially his lyric poems, is in the field of coded mystical literature.][
] The Maghrebi book contains three thousand verses in the form of sonnets
A sonnet is a poetic form that originated in the poetry composed at the Court of the Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II in the Sicilian city of Palermo. The 13th-century poet and notary Giacomo da Lentini is credited with the sonnet's invention, ...
, Tarji'band and quatrains
A quatrain is a type of stanza, or a complete poem, consisting of four lines.
Existing in a variety of forms, the quatrain appears in poems from the poetic traditions of various ancient civilizations including Persia, Ancient India, Ancient Greec ...
, most of which are mystical subjects, especially the unity of existence, the importance of conduct, closeness and the mystical nature of the seeker. With all the attention that Maghrebi pays to mysticism and monotheistic subjects, his poetry is devoid of excellent artistic appeal. Maghrebi's poetry is an imitation of the works of the sixth and seventh centuries AH and is devoid of heartwarming innovative industries and new uses of Metaphor
A metaphor is a figure of speech that, for rhetorical effect, directly refers to one thing by mentioning another. It may provide (or obscure) clarity or identify hidden similarities between two different ideas. Metaphors are often compared wit ...
, Simile
A simile () is a figure of speech that directly ''compares'' two things. Similes differ from other metaphors by highlighting the similarities between two things using comparison words such as "like", "as", "so", or "than", while other metaphors cr ...
and other literary arrays.[
In addition to Divan, he has other book as well, such as: Asrar al-Fatihah,][ Resaleye Jame Jahan Nama in commentary of Ibn Arabi's views,][
][ and a selection of commentaries on the ode Ta'iyyah of ]Ibn al-Farid
Ibn al-Farid or Ibn Farid; (, ''`Umar ibn `Alī ibn al-Fārid'') (22 March 11811234) was an Arab poet. His name is Arabic for "son of the obligator" (the one who divides the inheritance between the inheritors), as his father was well regarded fo ...
, Dorrol Farid Fi Marefati Maratebot Towhid in Persian with subject of monotheism and the verbs and attributes of truth,[
] Nazhatal Sasania,[
][
] Nasihat Nameh, Era'atal Daghaeq fi Sharhe Mar'atal Haqaeq.[
][
]
Sample poem
The first and the last verses of the Divan-e Shams-e Maghrebi[
] were written out as follows:[
]
Also:
Death
Shams-ud-Din Mohammad Maghrebi died in one of the years 809 to 810 AH in Sorkhab, West Azerbaijan
Sorkhab ( fa, سرخاب, also Romanized as Sorkhāb) is a village in Mangur-e Sharqi Rural District, Khalifan District, Mahabad County, West Azerbaijan Province, Iran
Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran, and also cal ...
and was buried in ''Baba Farid'' yard in Maqbaratoshoara
Maqbarat-o-shoara (Persian: مقبرةالشعرا) or the Mausoleum of Poets (Persian: ''Mazār-e Shāerān'' or ''Mazār-e Sorāyandegān'') is a Maqbara (graveyard) belonging to classical and contemporary poets, mystics and other notable pe ...
, Tabriz
Tabriz ( fa, تبریز ; ) is a city in northwestern Iran, serving as the capital of East Azerbaijan Province. It is the List of largest cities of Iran, sixth-most-populous city in Iran. In the Quri Chay, Quru River valley in Iran's historic Aze ...
, Iran
Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran, and also called Persia, is a country located in Western Asia. It is bordered by Iraq and Turkey to the west, by Azerbaijan and Armenia to the northwest, by the Caspian Sea and Turkmeni ...
.[
]
See also
* Fahlavīyāt
''Fahlaviyat'' ( fa, فهلویات, Fahlavīyāt), also spelled ''fahlavi'' (), was a designation for poetry composed in the local northwestern Iranian dialects and languages of the Fahla region, which comprised Isfahan, Ray, Hamadan, Mah Naha ...
* Sanai
Hakim Abul-Majd Majdūd ibn Ādam Sanā'ī Ghaznavi ( fa, ), more commonly known as Sanai, was a Persian poet from Ghazni who lived his life in the Ghaznavid Empire which is now located in Afghanistan. He was born in 1080 and died between 1131 ...
* Karnameye Balkh
Karnameye Balkh or Karname-ye Balkh (title means ''workbook of Balkh'') is one of the works of Sanai and it contain his poet's composed when he stop in Balkh city. It is about five hundred verses and because it was written through some jokes, it h ...
* Tariq ut-tahqiq
Tariq ut-tahqiq is one of the books attributed to Hakim Sanai Ghaznavi. This is The old Persian mystical poetry book from year 528 AH in Masnavi form.
This book was published in Persian by Mohammad Taghi Modarres Razavi under the name "Mas ...
* Sheikh San'Aan
References
External links
A Critical Edition of the Divan of Muhammad Shirin Maghribi
Maghrebi Tabrizi on Ancestry
{{DEFAULTSORT:Maghrebi Tabrizi, Mohammad Shirin
Burials in Maqbaratoshoara
Poets from Tabriz
Iranian male poets
14th-century Iranian people
15th-century Iranian people