Gamaka Vidwan M S Ananthapadmanabha Rao (6 September 1903 – 29 November 1987) was an Indian

Kannada-language Kannada (; ಕನ್ನಡ, ), originally romanised Canarese, is a Dravidian language spoken predominantly by the people of Karnataka in southwestern India, with minorities in all neighbouring states. It has around 47 million native sp ...

poet, writer, and gamaki. He was the author of the magnum opus '' Karnata Bharatha Kathamanjari'' containing the last eight parvas of the Kannada translation of the

Mahabharatha The ''Mahābhārata'' ( ; sa, महाभारतम्, ', ) is one of the two major Sanskrit epics of ancient India in Hinduism, the other being the '' Rāmāyaṇa''. It narrates the struggle between two groups of cousins in the Ku ...

that

Kumaravyasa Narayanappa ( kn, ನಾರಾಯಣಪ್ಪ), known by his pen name Kumara Vyasa ( kn, ಕುಮಾರವ್ಯಾಸ), was an influential and classical Vaishnava poet of early 15th century in the Kannada language. His pen name is a tribute ...

had left unfinished.

Biography

Early life

Rao was born on 6 September 1903. He pursued his education at

Madikeri Madikeri is a hill station town in Madikeri taluk and headquarters of Kodagu district in Karnataka, India. Etymology Madikeri was known as ''Muddu Raja Keri'', which meant Mudduraja's town, was named after the prominent Haleri king Mudduraj ...

under the guidance and tutelage of veteran laureate

Panje Mangesh Rao Panje Mangesh Rao (1874–1937) was an Indian writer and poet who wrote short stories, essays, poems and children's rhymes in Kannada.He is known as 'kavishishya'. He wrote Huthariya haadu, Naagara haave, Koti chennaya, Gudugudu Gummata Devaru, M ...

Family

Rao married Lakshmi Devi. They had 4 children.

Career

Ananthapadmanabha Rao had chosen shorthand, bookkeeping and typewriting as his specialisations. After completing his matriculation, he joined the Department of State Excise under the then Coorg Government. In recognition of his abilities, in the year 1930 the Coorg Government posted Ananthapadmanabha Rao to

Vellore Vellore (English: ), also spelt as Velur (), is a city and the administrative headquarters of Vellore district in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. It is located on the banks of the Palar River in the northeastern part of Tamil Nadu and is separ ...

to get trained in shorthand. He learnt Kannada shorthand and later joined the Police Department as the first ever reporter specialising in Kannada Shorthand. Coorg later became a Part C State and was granted the status of Independent State, for the first time forming an independent legislative assembly. Ananthapadmanabha Rao, was appointed as the Kannada Reporter in the Independent Coorg Legislative Assembly."Gamaka Chetanagalu" book published by Karnataka Gamaka Kala Parishath.

Contributions to Kannada literature

Kannada Koota

established and started a ''Kannada Koota'' (Kannada Group) with the support of his fellow teachers and colleagues ''B S Kushalappa'', ''Shenoy Master'', ''G Shrinivas Murthy'' and ''C M Rama Rao'' who also became the first members of the group. Ananthapadmanabha Rao and his friends ''B K Subba Rao'', ''G S Keshavacharya'' and a few others became the youth workers.

Kannada Sahitya Sammelana

In the year 1932, the

Kannada Sahitya Parishat Kannada Saahithya Parishath ( kn, ಕನ್ನಡ ಸಾಹಿತ್ಯ ಪರಿಷತ್ತು, Kannaḍa Sāhitya Pariṣattu; ) is an Indian non-profit organisation that promotes the Kannada language and its literature. Its headquarters are ...

organised its 18th annual literature conference. Legendary scholar and poet, DV Gundappa was chosen as the president of the conference. ''Odlemane Aatmaram Shastri'', ''Shenoy Master'', ''DM Siddhalingaiah'' and others were part of the presiding committee. First in the line amongst the youth workers was Ananthapadmanabha Rao. Ananthapadmanabha Rao, drew the attention and appreciation of DVG, who inspired him to become a lifetime member of

. DVG handed over the left over funds of the conference and suggested Ananthapadmanabha Rao to establish a ''Kannada Sangha'' at Coorg. Thus, in the year 1932, with the blessings of DVG, the first ever Kodagu Kannada Sangha was established and started. Ananthapadmanabha Rao became the first Director of the sangha and in the later days he also served as its Secretary and Vice-President. Ananthapadmanabha Rao was also selected as the member of Kannada Sahitya Parishat's working committee and became the representative of the

Coorg State Coorg State was a Part-C state in India which existed from 1950 to 1956. When the Constitution of India came into force on 26 January 1950, most of the existing provinces were reconstituted into states. Thus, Coorg Province became Coorg State. ...

. He conceptualised and organised the ''Vasanta Sahityotsava'' (the spring festival of literature) every year. In the name of this festival, many stalwarts of Kannada literature like BM Shri, TP Kailasam, GP Rajaratnam, AaNaKru, TaRaSu, ''Ta Su Shyama Rao'',

Shamba Joshi Shankara Baaladeekshita Joshi (1896– 28 Sep 1991), popularly referred to as Sham Ba Joshi, was an authority on the culture of Karnataka. Joshi was known for his unique and distinctive style of research. The range of his interests, study, re ...

Da Ra Bendre Dattātreya Rāmachandra Bēndre (31 January 1896 – 26 October 1981), popularly known as Da Rā Bēndre, is generally considered the greatest Kannada lyric poet of the 20th century and one of the greatest poets in the history of Kannada ...

, Kuvempu,

Shivarama Karanth Kota Shivaram Karanth (10 October 1902 – 9 December 1997), also abbreviated as K. Shivaram Karanth, was an Indian polymath, who was a novelist in Kannada language, playwright and an ecological conservationist. Ramachandra Guha called him ...

, M Govinda Pai, and many more visited Coorg. Ananthapadmanabha Rao also invested his time in organising many other literary programmes like the ''Navaratri Utsava'' at the ''Madikeri Vedanta Sangha and Shrimadaanjaneya Temple'', ''Ramotsava Literature festival'' and so on.

Kannada Sangha and Sangeetha Nataka Academy

During these days Ananthapadmanabha Rao, invited Masti Venkatesh Iyengar to

Somwarpet Somwarpet (''somavārapēte'', also written ''Somvarpet'') is a panchayat town in Coorg district in the Indian state of Karnataka. It is the main town of the Somwarpet taluk, in the north-east of the district. 2nd highest Administrative town i ...

for a literature programme. Masti agreed, however on a condition that he would visit the place only if there was a Kannada Sangha established. Ananthapadmanabha Rao, with the support of coffee planter ''Chandrappa'', established the Somwarpet Kannada Sangha over night. ''Chakradana Murthy'' became the first Secretary. Eventually Masti Venkatesh Iyengar was welcomed graciously at Somwarpet. Ananthapadmanabha was later appointed as the Secretary of the Coorg wing of ''Sangeetha Nataka Academy''

Gamaki

People from different walks of life attended the

Kannada Sahitya Sammelana The Kannada Sahitya Sammelana () is the premier gathering of writers, poets and Kannadigas. It is held with the aim of preserving and developing the Kannada language, its literature, art, culture and music. It was started in 1915 by H. V. Nanj ...

(Literature Conference) held in 1932. As part of the event, ''Gamaka Bhageeratha'' ''Kalale Sampathkumaracharya'' performed ''Kaavya Vachana'' or ''Gamaka Vachana'' for 3 consecutive days. Inspired by this performance, Ananthapadmanabha Rao was drawn towards to the art of Gamaka. Until then, Ananthapadmanabha Rao was a ''Harikatha'' artiste. He had also composed the ''Jadabharatha Upakhayana'' (a piece of poetry) specifically for the Harikatha aspirants. Gamaka as a new art form drew his attention and interest. In the later days he got himself admitted as a pupil of ''Gamaka Vidwan Krishnagiri Krishna Rao'' and mastered the art of Gamaka. In the year 1942, he started to teach Gamaka to aspiring students and contributed to the development and survival of the art form. Ananthapadmanabha Rao had a special interest in

Hindustani music Hindustani classical music is the classical music of northern regions of the Indian subcontinent. It may also be called North Indian classical music or, in Hindustani, ''shastriya sangeet'' (). It is played in instruments like the violin, sita ...

ragas. Poet D R Bendre was one of the biggest admirers of Ananthapadmanabha Rao as a Gamaki. On the occasion of Bendre's 50th birthday, he invited Ananthapadmanabha Rao to his house to perform Kavya Vachana and encouraged him. Rashtrakavi Kuvempu once told him, "You have the blessings of Krishnagiri Krishna Rao. You are just not a singer, but you are the cuckoo of Coorg (Kodagina Kogile)". Later, in the year 1983, Ananthapadmanabha Rao became the president of the first ever state level Gamaka Sammelana (Gamaka Conference) organised by the ''Karnataka Gamaka Kala Parishat''. He was honoured with the title of ''Gamaka Rathnakara''.

Literary works

Short stories

* Doddanchina Seere * Nammadalla * Ayyo Bhoota * Gopu Maduve * Putta Kittana Guttu * Kalavida * Head Munshi

Drama

* Shrungiya Shaapa * Devammaaji * Shava Samskaara

Kaavya

* Mahatma Kabir – composed in Bhamini Shatpadi, published in the Chamaraja Nagar's "Kadambari Sangraha” * Kaveri Kathamrutham – in the Sarala Ragale style of poetry * Karna (Preamble by Shri. B M Shri) – This was given the status of a text book in the then Madras University. * Ramakrishna Paramahamsa * Tulasi Ramayana (Kannada Translation of Ramacharita Maanas by Shri. Tulasi Das) with a preamble by Shri. DVG. Shri. Shamanna, Ananthpadmanabha Rao's friend's father suggested to translate the Hindi Ramacharita Manas to Kannada. Ananthapadmanabha Rao replied saying "I do not know Hindi, neither do I excel in Sanskrit. How can I translate this great piece of work?" Shri. Shamanna, who had an expertise in Hindi language, pursuing his suggestion, started to spend every day with Ananthapadmanabha Rao, reading out 5 verses a day and explaining the meaning of it. With the notes made during these daily meetings, Ananthapadmanabha Rao eventually translated the epic Ramacharita Maanas and composed the "Tulasi Ramayana" in the Vardhaka Shatpadi style containing more than 2500 poems. * Shri Krishna Charitamrutam – in the Vardhaka Shatpadi style of Poetry * Shri Madhwacharita Maanasa – in the Vardhaka Shatpadi style of Poetry * Vishwamithra

Poetry

* Brindavana * Kanike * Guru Keertana Mala

Bruhat Kavya (Magnum Opus of Ananthapadmanabha Rao)

Karnata Bharata Kathamanjari Karnata Bharata Kathamanjari ( kn, ಕರ್ಣಾಟ ಭಾರತ ಕಥಾಮಂಜರಿ) is the Kannada rendering of the great Indian epic, Mahabharata. This is written by Kumara Vyasa. It has only the first 10 chapters of the original work. ...

(Kumaravyasa'a unfinished last 8 parvas of Mahabharata, containing more than 8000 poems. This is in the Bhamini Shatpadi style of Poetry)

Audio

In the year 2000, Madikeri Nagendra released "Yatiwara Banda Raghavendra" music album consisting of songs composed by Ananthapadmanabha Rao under his direction. While he was the singer and music composer of the Album, Tirumale Srinivas had composed the background music. Paneesh Rao had produced this music album under the Parimala Creations banner."Yatiwara Banda Raghavendra" music album distributed by Lahari Recording Company, Bangalore

Awards and honors

* Mysore's Devaraja Bahaddur Datti Award in 1952 for his work, Tulasi Ramayana * Kannada Sahitya Academy Award for the Year 1977 – 78 * Gamaka Ratnakara honour by the Karnataka Gamaka Kala Parishat in the year 1983

Death

Ananthapadmanabha Rao died on 29 November 1987.

Notes

{{DEFAULTSORT:Rao, M S Ananthapadmanabha 1903 births 1987 deaths Indian storytellers Kannada poets Kannada-language writers Indian male short story writers Writers from Karnataka People from Kodagu district 20th-century Indian short story writers 20th-century Indian poets Indian male poets 20th-century Indian male writers