David Cole, from the
dance
Dance is a performing art form consisting of sequences of movement, either improvised or purposefully selected. This movement has aesthetic and often symbolic value. Dance can be categorized and described by its choreography, by its repertoire ...
group
C+C Music Factory
C, or c, is the third letter in the Latin alphabet, used in the modern English alphabet, the alphabets of other western European languages and others worldwide. Its name in English is ''cee'' (pronounced ), plural ''cees''.
History
"C" ...
.
Carey's relationship with Margulies deteriorated over a songwriting royalties dispute. After he filed a lawsuit against Columbia's parent company,
Sony
, commonly stylized as SONY, is a Japanese multinational conglomerate corporation headquartered in Minato, Tokyo, Japan. As a major technology company, it operates as one of the world's largest manufacturers of consumer and professional ...
, the songwriting duo parted ways.
''Emotions'' was released on September 17, 1991.
The title track, the album's lead single, became Carey's fifth chart topper on the Billboard Hot 100, making her the first artist whose first five singles reached the chart's summit.
Though critics praised the album's content and described it as a more mature effort, the album was criticized as calculated and lacking originality.
While the album managed sales of eight million copies globally, ''Emotions'' failed to reach the commercial and critical heights of its predecessor.
Carey did not embark on a world tour to promote the album.
Although she attributed this to
stage fright
Stage fright or performance anxiety is the anxiety, fear, or persistent phobia which may be aroused in an individual by the requirement to perform in front of an audience, real or imagined, whether actually or potentially (for example, when perf ...
and the vocally challenging nature of her material, speculation grew that Carey was a "studio worm" and that she was incapable of producing the perfect pitch and 5-
octave
In music, an octave ( la, octavus: eighth) or perfect octave (sometimes called the diapason) is the interval between one musical pitch and another with double its frequency. The octave relationship is a natural phenomenon that has been refer ...
vocal range
Vocal range is the range of pitches that a human voice can phonate. A common application is within the context of singing, where it is used as a defining characteristic for classifying singing voices into voice types. It is also a topic of st ...
for which she was known.
In hopes of ending any speculation of her being a manufactured artist, Carey booked an appearance on ''
MTV Unplugged
''MTV Unplugged'' is an American television series on MTV showcasing musical artists usually playing acoustic instruments. The show aired regularly from 1989 to 1999 and less frequently from 2000 to 2009, when it was usually billed as ''MTV Un ...
''.
The show presented artists "unplugged" or in a stripped setting and devoid of studio equipment.
Days prior to the show's taping, Carey and Afanasieff chose to add a cover of
the Jackson 5
The Jackson 5 (sometimes stylized as the Jackson 5ive, also known as the Jacksons) are an American pop band composed of members of the Jackson family. The group was founded in 1964 in Gary, Indiana, and for most o ...
's 1970 song "
I'll Be There" to the set-list. On March 16, 1992, Carey played and recorded an intimate seven-song show at
Kaufman Astoria Studios
The Kaufman Astoria Studios is a film studio located in the Astoria section of the New York City borough of Queens. The studio was constructed for Famous Players-Lasky in 1920, since it was close to Manhattan's Broadway theater district. The p ...
in Queens, New York.
The acclaimed
revue
A revue is a type of multi-act popular theatrical entertainment that combines music, dance, and sketches. The revue has its roots in 19th century popular entertainment and melodrama but grew into a substantial cultural presence of its own dur ...
was aired more than three times as often as the average episode,
and critics heralding it as a "vocal Tour de force". Carey's live version of "I'll Be There" became her sixth number-one single on the ''Billboard'' Hot 100 chart. Sony capitalized on its success and released it as an
EP. It earned a triple-
Platinum
Platinum is a chemical element with the symbol Pt and atomic number 78. It is a dense, malleable, ductile, highly unreactive, precious, silverish-white transition metal. Its name originates from Spanish , a diminutive of "silver".
Pla ...
certification by the
Recording Industry Association of America
The Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) is a trade organization that represents the music recording industry in the United States. Its members consist of record labels and distributors that the RIAA says "create, manufacture, and/ ...
(RIAA),
and earned Gold and Platinum certifications in several European markets.
1993–1996: ''Music Box'', ''Merry Christmas'', and ''Daydream''
After ''Emotions'' failed to achieve the commercial heights of her debut album, Carey's subsequent release was to be marketed as
adult contemporary
Adult contemporary music (AC) is a form of radio-played popular music, ranging from 1960s vocal and 1970s soft rock music to predominantly ballad-heavy music of the present day, with varying degrees of easy listening, pop, soul, R&B, quie ...
and pop-friendly. ''
Music Box
A music box (American English) or musical box (British English) is an automatic musical instrument in a box that produces musical notes by using a set of pins placed on a revolving cylinder or disc to pluck the tuned teeth (or ''lamellae'' ...
'' was produced by Carey and Afanasieff, and began a songwriting partnership that would extend until 1997's ''
Butterfly
Butterflies are insects in the macrolepidopteran clade Rhopalocera from the order Lepidoptera, which also includes moths. Adult butterflies have large, often brightly coloured wings, and conspicuous, fluttering flight. The group compris ...
''.
The album was released on August 31, 1993, to mixed reviews from music critics. Carey's songwriting was derided as clichéd and her vocal performances were described as less emotive and lazier in their delivery. In his review of the album,
AllMusic
AllMusic (previously known as All Music Guide and AMG) is an American online database, online music database. It catalogs more than three million album entries and 30 million tracks, as well as information on Musical artist, musicians and Music ...
's Ron Wynn concluded: "sometimes excessive spirit is preferable to an absence of passion."
In promotion of the album, Carey embarked on her debut tour, a six-date concert series, the
Music Box Tour.
''Music Box''s second single, "
Hero
A hero (feminine: heroine) is a real person or a main fictional character who, in the face of danger, combats adversity through feats of ingenuity, courage, or strength. Like other formerly gender-specific terms (like ''actor''), ''her ...
", became Carey's eighth chart-topper in the United States and has been recognized as her signature song. Her cover of
Badfinger
Badfinger were a Welsh rock band formed in Swansea, who were active from the 1960s to the 1980s. Their best-known lineup consisted of Pete Ham (vocals, guitar), Mike Gibbins (drums), Tom Evans (bass), and Joey Molland (guitar). They are rec ...
's "
Without You" was a commercial breakthrough in Europe, becoming her first number-one single in Germany,
Sweden
and the United Kingdom.
''Music Box'' remains Carey's best-seller and one of the
best-selling albums of all time, with worldwide sales of over 28 million copies.
In mid-1994, Carey recorded and released a duet with
Luther Vandross
Luther Ronzoni Vandross Jr. (April 20, 1951 – July 1, 2005) was an American singer, songwriter, and record producer. Known for his sweet and soulful vocals, Vandross has sold over 40 million records worldwide. He achieved eleven consecutive P ...
; a cover of
Lionel Richie
Lionel Brockman Richie Jr. (born June 20, 1949) is an American singer, songwriter, record producer, and television personality. He rose to fame in the 1970s as a songwriter and the co-lead singer of funk band the Commodores; writing and recor ...
and
Diana Ross
Diana Ross (born March 26, 1944) is an American singer and actress. She rose to fame as the lead singer of the vocal group the Supremes, who became Motown's most successful act during the 1960s and one of the world's best-selling girl groups ...
's "
Endless Love".
''
Merry Christmas
The Christmas season or the festive season (also known in some countries as the holiday season or the holidays) is an annually recurring period recognized in many Western and other countries that is generally considered to run from late Novemb ...
'', released on November 1, 1994, became the
best-selling Christmas album of all time, with global sales of over 15 million copies.
The lead single, "
All I Want for Christmas Is You", became a holiday
standard Standard may refer to:
Symbols
* Colours, standards and guidons, kinds of military signs
* Standard (emblem), a type of a large symbol or emblem used for identification
Norms, conventions or requirements
* Standard (metrology), an object th ...
and continues to surge in popularity each holiday season.
By October 2017, it had become the
11th-bestselling single in modern music. In 2019, 25 years after the song's release, it finally peaked at number-one on the ''Billboard'' Hot 100 for the first time, and it continued to do so every December since, becoming the first song in history to hold the top position in more than two different chart years, as well as the longest-running holiday number-one song (eight weeks). Additionally, it is the longest running number-one song on the ''Billboard'' Holiday 100, spending 44 cumulative weeks, of the chart's 49 total weeks since the list launched in 2011.
![Mariah Carey One Sweet Day Madison Square 1995](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0a/Mariah_Carey_One_Sweet_Day_Madison_Square_1995.jpg)
Carey's fifth studio album, ''
Daydream
Daydreaming is the stream of consciousness that detaches from current, external tasks when attention drifts to a more personal and internal direction. This phenomenon is common in people's daily life shown by a large-scale study in which partici ...
'', found her consolidating creative control over her career, leading to tensions with Columbia. The album featured a departure from her allegiance to pop and gravitated heavily towards
R&B and
hip hop.
Critically, the album was described as Carey's best to date. ''The New York Times'' named it one of 1995's best albums and concluded: "
he album
He or HE may refer to:
Language
* He (pronoun), an English pronoun
* He (kana), the romanization of the Japanese kana へ
* He (letter), the fifth letter of many Semitic alphabets
* He (Cyrillic), a letter of the Cyrillic script called ''He'' in ...
brings R&B candy-making to a new peak of textural refinement ... Carey's songwriting has taken a leap forward and become more relaxed, sexier and less reliant on thudding clichés."
The album's lead single, "
Fantasy
Fantasy is a genre of speculative fiction involving magical elements, typically set in a fictional universe and sometimes inspired by mythology and folklore. Its roots are in oral traditions, which then became fantasy literature and d ...
", became the first single by a female artist to debut at number one on the ''Billboard'' Hot 100,
and the second single, "
One Sweet Day
"One Sweet Day" is a song recorded by American singer-songwriter Mariah Carey and vocal group Boyz II Men. The song was released on as the second single from Carey's fifth studio album, ''Daydream'' (1995) by Columbia Records. The artists co ...
", a collaboration with R&B group
Boyz II Men
Boyz II Men (pronounced ''boys to men''), also known as B2M, is an American vocal harmony group from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, best known for emotional ballads and a cappella harmonies. They are currently a trio composed of baritone Nathan ...
, remained atop the ''Billboard'' Hot 100 for a record-breaking 16 consecutive weeks, becoming, at the time, the
longest-running number-one song in the history of the charts.
''Daydream'' became Carey's biggest-selling album in the United States,
and her second album to be certified
Diamond
Diamond is a solid form of the element carbon with its atoms arranged in a crystal structure called diamond cubic. Another solid form of carbon known as graphite is the chemically stable form of carbon at room temperature and pressure, b ...
by the RIAA, after ''Music Box''.
The album continued Carey's dominance in Asian music markets and sold in excess of 2.2 million copies in Japan alone and over 20 million copies globally.
''Daydream'' and its singles were nominated in six categories at the
38th Grammy Awards
The 38th Annual Grammy Awards were held on February 28, 1996, at Shrine Auditorium, Los Angeles. The awards recognized accomplishments by musicians from the previous year. Alanis Morissette was the main recipient, being awarded four trophies, i ...
.
Though considered a favorite to win the top awards of the evening, Carey was shut out, prompting her to comment "What can you do? I will never be disappointed again."
In early 1996, she embarked on her first international string of concerts, the
Daydream World Tour. Its seven dates spanned three in Japan and four throughout Europe.
''
Forbes
''Forbes'' () is an American business magazine owned by Integrated Whale Media Investments and the Forbes family. Published eight times a year, it features articles on finance, industry, investing, and marketing topics. ''Forbes'' also r ...
'' named Carey the
top-earning female musician of 1996, collecting an estimated $32 million.
During the recording of ''Daydream'', Carey also worked on the alternative rock album ''
Someone's Ugly Daughter'' by the band Chick, contributing writing, production, vocals and art direction. As Columbia Records refused to release the album with her lead vocals, Carey's friend Clarissa Dane was brought in to become the face of Chick, and her vocals were layered on top of Carey's, masking her voice. Carey also directed the music video for the Chick song "Malibu". According to Carey, "I was playing with the style of the breezy-grunge, punk-light white female singers who were popular at the time ... I totally looked forward to doing my alter-ego band sessions after ''Daydream'' each night."
Her contributions were secret until the release of her 2020 memoir ''
The Meaning of Mariah Carey
''The Meaning of Mariah Carey'' is a memoir by Mariah Carey, released on September 29, 2020. It was written with Michaela Angela Davis, and was published by Andy Cohen Books, an imprint of Henry Holt, as well as in an audiobook format read by C ...
.''
1997–2000: New image and independence, ''Butterfly'', and ''Rainbow''
Carey's subsequent musical releases followed the trend that began with ''Daydream''. Her music began relying less on pop and adult contemporary-tinged balladry and instead incorporating heavy elements of hip-hop and R&B. On ''
Butterfly
Butterflies are insects in the macrolepidopteran clade Rhopalocera from the order Lepidoptera, which also includes moths. Adult butterflies have large, often brightly coloured wings, and conspicuous, fluttering flight. The group compris ...
'', Carey collaborated with a bevy of producers other than Afanasieff, such as
Sean Combs
Sean Combs (born Sean John Combs; November 4, 1969), also known by his stage names Puff Daddy, P. Diddy, Puffy, or Diddy, is an American rapper, actor, record producer, and record executive. Born in New York City, he worked as a talent directo ...
,
Q-Tip,
Missy Elliott
Melissa Arnette Elliott (born July 1, 1971), better known as Missy Elliott or Missy “Misdemeanor” Elliot, is an American rapper, singer, songwriter, and record producer. She embarked on her music career with R&B girl group Sista in the earl ...
and Jean Claude Oliver and Samuel Barnes from
Trackmasters
The Trackmasters are an American hip hop production duo composed of music producers Poke (Jean-Claude Olivier) and Tone (Samuel Barnes), best known for their commercial hit records in the mid-late 1990s and early 2000s. Frank "Nitty" Pimentel joi ...
.
In mid-1997, after four years of marriage, Carey and Mottola separated. Carey described Mottola as increasingly controlling, and viewed her newfound independence as a new lease on life.
In the booklet of her twelfth studio album, ''
Memoirs of an Imperfect Angel'' (2009), Carey wrote that she considers ''Butterfly'' her ''
magnum opus
A masterpiece, ''magnum opus'' (), or ''chef-d’œuvre'' (; ; ) in modern use is a creation that has been given much critical praise, especially one that is considered the greatest work of a person's career or a work of outstanding creativity, ...
'' and a turning point in both her life and career. ''Butterfly'' introduced a more subdued style of singing, with critics noting Carey's incorporation of
breathy vocals.
Some viewed her lack of propensity to use her upper range as a sign of maturity,
while others questioned whether it forebode waning vocal prowess.
The music video for the album's lead single, "
Honey
Honey is a sweet and viscous substance made by several bees, the best-known of which are honey bees. Honey is made and stored to nourish bee colonies. Bees produce honey by gathering and then refining the sugary secretions of plants (primar ...
", her first since separating from Mottola, introduced a more overtly sexual image.
''Butterfly'' became Carey's best-reviewed album, with attention placed on the album's exploration of more mature lyrical themes. In their review of the album, ''
Rolling Stone
''Rolling Stone'' is an American monthly magazine that focuses on music, politics, and popular culture. It was founded in San Francisco, California, in 1967 by Jann Wenner, and the music critic Ralph J. Gleason. It was first known for its ...
'' wrote "
t'snot as if Carey has totally dispensed with her old saccharine, Houston-style balladry ... but the predominant mood of 'Butterfly' is one of coolly erotic reverie."
AllMusic editor
Stephen Thomas Erlewine
Stephen Thomas Erlewine (; born June 18, 1973) is an American music critic and senior editor for the online music database AllMusic. He is the author of many artist biographies and record reviews for AllMusic, as well as a freelance writer, oc ...
described Carey's vocals as "sultrier and more controlled than ever," and felt the album "illustrates that Carey continues to improve and refine her music, which makes her a rarity among her '90s peers.'"
Though a commercial success, the album failed to reach the commercial heights of her previous albums, ''Music Box'' and ''Daydream''.
![Mariah Carey13 Edwards Dec 1998](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/72/Mariah_Carey13_Edwards_Dec_1998.jpg)
After concluding her
Butterfly World Tour
The Butterfly World Tour was the third concert tour by American singer-songwriter Mariah Carey. The tour promoted Carey's album ''Butterfly'' (1997), and included songs from several of her previous albums. The tour visited Asia, Australia and th ...
, Carey partook in the
VH1 Divas benefit concert
A benefit concert or charity concert is a type of musical benefit performance (e.g., concert, show, or gala) featuring musicians, comedians, or other performers that is held for a charitable purpose, often directed at a specific and immediate hu ...
on April 14, 1998, where she sang alongside
Aretha Franklin
Aretha Louise Franklin ( ; March 25, 1942 – August 16, 2018) was an American singer, songwriter and pianist. Referred to as the " Queen of Soul", she has twice been placed ninth in '' Rolling Stone''s "100 Greatest Artists of All Time". Wit ...
,
Celine Dion
Céline Marie Claudette Dion ( ; born 30 March 1968) is a Canadian singer. Noted for her powerful and technically skilled vocals, Dion is the best-selling Canadian recording artist, and the best-selling French-language artist of all time. Her ...
,
Shania Twain
Eilleen Regina "Shania" Twain ( , ; née Edwards; born August 28, 1965) is a Canadian singer and songwriter. She has sold over 100 million records, making her the best-selling female artist in country music history and one of the best-s ...
,
Gloria Estefan
Gloria Estefan (; born Gloria María Milagrosa Fajardo García; born 1 September 1957) is a Cuban-American singer, actress, and businesswoman. Estefan is a seven-time Grammy Award winner, a Presidential Medal of Freedom recipient, and has bee ...
, and
Carole King
Carole King Klein (born Carol Joan Klein; February 9, 1942) is an American singer, songwriter, and musician who has been active since 1958, initially as one of the staff songwriters at 1650 Broadway and later as a solo artist. Regarded as one ...
.
Carey began conceptualizing a film project ''All That Glitters'', later re-titled to simply ''
Glitter
Glitter is an assortment of small, reflective particles that come in a variety of shapes, sizes, and colors. Glitter particles reflect light at different angles, causing the surface to sparkle or shimmer. Glitter is similar to confetti, sparkle ...
'' (2001),
and wrote songs for other projects, such as ''
Men in Black
In popular culture and UFO conspiracy theories, men in black (MIB) are purported men dressed in black suits who claim to be quasi- government agents, who harass, threaten, or sometimes even assassinate unidentified flying object (UFO) witnesses ...
'' (1997) and ''
How the Grinch Stole Christmas'' (2000).
After ''Glitter'' fell into
developmental hell
Development hell, development purgatory, and development limbo are media and software industry jargon for a project, concept, or idea that remains in development for an especially long time, often moving between different crews, scripts, game engin ...
, Carey postponed the project, and began writing material for a new album.
Sony Music
Sony Music Entertainment (SME), also known as simply Sony Music, is an American multinational music company. Being owned by the parent conglomerate Sony Group Corporation, it is part of the Sony Music Group, which is owned by Sony Entertainmen ...
executives insisted she prepare a greatest hits collection in time for the holiday season.
The album, titled ''
#1's'' (1998), featured a cover of
Brenda K. Starr
Brenda Joy Kaplan (born October 14, 1966), known by her stage name Brenda K. Starr, is an American singer and songwriter. She is well known originally in R&B, dance and pop but now mostly in salsa-based music. She is also well known for her 19 ...
's "
I Still Believe" and a duet with
Whitney Houston
Whitney Elizabeth Houston (August 9, 1963 – February 11, 2012) was an American singer and actress. Nicknamed "Honorific nicknames in popular music, The Voice", she is Whitney Houston albums discography, one of the bestselling music artists ...
, "
When You Believe
"When You Believe" is a song from the 1998 DreamWorks musical animated feature ''The Prince of Egypt''. It was written and composed by Stephen Schwartz. A pop single version of "When You Believe", with additional music and lyrics by writer-pr ...
", which was included on the soundtrack for ''
The Prince of Egypt
''The Prince of Egypt'' is a 1998 American animated musical drama film produced by DreamWorks Animation and released by DreamWorks Pictures. The first feature film from DreamWorks to be traditionally animated, it is an adaptation of the B ...
'' (1998).
''#1's'' became a phenomenon in Japan, selling over one million copies in its opening week, making Carey the only international artist to accomplish this feat.
It sold over 3.25 million copies in Japan in its first three months on sale, and holds the record as the
best-selling album by a non-Asian artist.
With only one album left to fulfill her contract with Sony, and with a burning desire to separate herself professionally from the record label her ex-husband still headed, Carey completed the album in three months in mid-1999.
Titled ''
Rainbow
A rainbow is a meteorological phenomenon that is caused by reflection, refraction and dispersion of light in water droplets resulting in a spectrum of light appearing in the sky. It takes the form of a multicoloured circular arc. Rainbows c ...
'', the album found Carey exploring with producers whom she had not worked with before. ''Rainbow'' became Carey's first album to not feature a collaboration with her longtime writing partner,
Walter Afanasieff
Walter Afanasieff (born Vladimir Nikitich Afanasyev; February 10, 1958), formerly nicknamed Baby Love in the 1980s, is an American record producer and songwriter of Russian-Chinese descent. He was a collaborator with Mariah Carey on her first ...
; instead she chose to work with
David Foster
David Walter Foster (born November 1, 1949) is a Canadian musician, composer, arranger, record producer and music executive who chaired Verve Records from 2012 to 2016. He has won 16 Grammy Awards from 47 nominations. His music career spans mor ...
and
Diane Warren
Diane Eve Warren (born September 7, 1956) is an American songwriter. She has received several awards including a Grammy Award, a Primetime Emmy Award, two Golden Globe Awards, three ''Billboard'' Music Awards and an Honorary Academy Award.
Wa ...
. The album's lead single, "
Heartbreaker
Heartbreaker(s) or The Heart Breaker(s) may refer to:
Film and television
*''The Heart Breakers'', a 1916 film starring Andrew Arbuckle
*'' The Heart Breaker'', a 1925 film directed by Benjamin Stoloff
* ''Heartbreaker'' (1983 film), an American ...
", featured guest vocals from rapper
Jay-Z
Shawn Corey Carter (born December 4, 1969), known professionally as Jay-Z, is an American rapper, record producer, entrepreneur, and founder of Manhattan-based conglomerate talent and entertainment agency Roc Nation. He is regarded as one o ...
and a remix produced by
DJ Clue?
Ernesto Shaw (born January 8, 1975), better known as DJ Clue, is an American disc jockey (DJ), record producer, radio personality and record executive.
Early life
DJ Clue was born in Queens, New York City to Panamanian and Jamaican immigran ...
.
''Rainbow'' was released on November 2, 1999, to the highest first week sales of her career at the time, however debuting at number two on the ''Billboard'' 200.
Carey's tense relationship with Columbia grew increasingly fractious; she began posting messages on her website, sharing inside information with fans on the dispute, as well as instructing them to request "
Can't Take That Away (Mariah's Theme)" on radio stations.
Ultimately, the song was only given a very limited and low-promotion release.
Critical reception of ''Rainbow'' was generally positive, with the general consensus finding: "what began on ''Butterfly'' as a departure ends up on ''Rainbow'' a progression – perhaps the first compelling proof of Carey's true colors as an artist."
Though a commercial success, ''Rainbow'' became Carey's lowest selling album at that point in her career.
2001–2004: Personal and professional setbacks, ''Glitter'' and ''Charmbracelet''
Carey received
''Billboard''s Artist of the Decade Award and the
World Music Award for Best-Selling Pop Female Artist of the Millennium,
and parted from Columbia Records. She signed an unprecedented $100 million five-album recording contract with
Virgin Records
Virgin Records is a record label owned by Universal Music Group. It originally founded as a British independent record label in 1972 by entrepreneurs Richard Branson, Simon Draper, Nik Powell, and musician Tom Newman. It grew to be a world ...
(
EMI Records
EMI Records (formerly EMI Records Ltd.) is a multinational record label owned by Universal Music Group. It originally founded as a British flagship label by the music company of the same name in 1972, and launched in January 1973 as the succ ...
) in April 2001.
''
Glitter
Glitter is an assortment of small, reflective particles that come in a variety of shapes, sizes, and colors. Glitter particles reflect light at different angles, causing the surface to sparkle or shimmer. Glitter is similar to confetti, sparkle ...
'' was a musical departure, recreating a 1980s
post-disco
Post-disco (also called boogie, synth-funk, or electro-funk) is a term to describe an aftermath in popular music history circa 1979–1985, imprecisely beginning with an unprecedented backlash against disco music in the United States, leading t ...
era to accompany the film, set in 1983. Carey was given full conceptual and creative control over the project.
She said that Columbia had regarded her as a commodity, with her separation from Mottola exacerbating her relations with label executives. Carey's three-year relationship with Latin singer
Luis Miguel
Luis Miguel Gallego Basteri (born 19 April 1970) is a Puerto Rican-born Mexican singer, often referred to as ''El Sol de México'' (The Sun of Mexico), which is the nickname his mother gave him as a child—"mi sol". Luis Miguel has sung in mu ...
ended.
In July 2001, Carey suffered a physical and emotional breakdown. She began posting disturbing messages on her website, and behaved erratically in live promotional outings.
On July 19, she made a surprise appearance on the
MTV
MTV (Originally an initialism of Music Television) is an American cable channel that launched on August 1, 1981. Based in New York City, it serves as the flagship property of the MTV Entertainment Group, part of Paramount Media Networks, a di ...
program ''
Total Request Live
''Total Request Live'' (known commonly as ''TRL'') was an American television program broadcast on MTV that premiered on September 14, 1998. TRL featured popular music videos played during its countdown, and was also used as a promotion tool by ...
'' (TRL).
As the show's host
Carson Daly
Carson Jones Daly (born June 22, 1973) is an American television host, radio personality, producer, and television personality. Prior to 2003, Daly was a VJ on MTV's '' Total Request Live'', and a DJ for the Southern California-based radio sta ...
began taping following a commercial break, Carey came out pushing an ice cream cart while wearing a large men's shirt, and began a
striptease
A striptease is an erotic or exotic dance in which the performer gradually undresses, either partly or completely, in a seductive and sexually suggestive manner. The person who performs a striptease is commonly known as a "stripper" or an "exo ...
in which she revealed a tight ensemble.
Days later, she posted irregular voice notes on her website: "I'm trying to understand things in life right now and so I really don't feel that I should be doing music right now. What I'd like to do is just a take a little break or at least get one night of sleep without someone popping up about a video. All I really want is
ojust be me and that's what I should have done in the first place ... I don't say this much but guess what, I don't take care of myself."
Following the quick removal of the messages, Berger commented that Carey had been "obviously exhausted and not thinking clearly" when she posted the letters.
![Mariah Carey 2003 tour 1](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5a/Mariah_Carey_2003_tour_1.jpg)
On July 26, Carey was hospitalized due to exhaustion and a "physical and emotional breakdown".
She was admitted to a hospital in Connecticut and remained under doctor's care for two weeks, followed by an extended absence from the public.
Virgin Records and
20th Century Fox
20th Century Studios, Inc. (previously known as 20th Century Fox) is an American film production company headquartered at the Fox Studio Lot in the Century City area of Los Angeles. As of 2019, it serves as a film production arm of Walt Disn ...
delayed the release of ''Glitter'' and its soundtrack.
Critics panned ''Glitter'' and its soundtrack; both were unsuccessful commercially.
The
soundtrack
A soundtrack is recorded music accompanying and synchronised to the images of a motion picture, drama, book, television program, radio program, or video game; a commercially released soundtrack album of music as featured in the soundtrac ...
became Carey's lowest-selling album to that point. The ''
St. Louis Post-Dispatch'' dismissed it as "an absolute mess that'll go down as an annoying blemish on
ercareer."
She attributed the poor performance to her state of mind, its postponement and the soundtrack having been released on
September 11
Events Pre-1600
* 9 – The Battle of the Teutoburg Forest ends: The Roman Empire suffers the greatest defeat of its history and the Rhine is established as the border between the Empire and the so-called barbarians for the next four hu ...
.
Carey's $80 million record deal with Virgin Records was bought out for $28 million.
She flew to
Capri
Capri ( , ; ; ) is an island located in the Tyrrhenian Sea off the Sorrento Peninsula, on the south side of the Gulf of Naples in the Campania region of Italy. The main town of Capri that is located on the island shares the name. It has be ...
, Italy, for five months, where she wrote material for a new album.
She described her time at Virgin "a complete and total stress-fest ... I made a total snap decision which was based on money and I never make decisions based on money. I learned a big lesson from that."
She signed a contract with
Island Records
Island Records is a multinational record label owned by Universal Music Group. It was founded in 1959 by Chris Blackwell, Graeme Goodall, and Leslie Kong in Jamaica, and was eventually sold to PolyGram in 1989. Island and A&M Records, anothe ...
, valued at more than $24 million,
and launched the record label
MonarC. Carey's father, Alfred Roy, with whom she had had little contact since childhood, died of cancer that year.
In 2002, Carey was cast in the independent film ''
WiseGirls
''WiseGirls'' is a 2002 crime drama film directed by David Anspaugh and starring Mira Sorvino, Mariah Carey and Melora Walters. The film was produced by Lions Gate Films, Leading Pictures and Intermedia Films. The story centers around Meg Kenne ...
'' alongside
Mira Sorvino
Mira Katherine Sorvino (; born September 28, 1967) is an American actress. She won the Academy Award and Golden Globe for Best Supporting Actress for her performance in Woody Allen's '' Mighty Aphrodite'' (1995).
She also starred in the films ...
and
Melora Walters
Melora Walters (born October 21, 1959) is an American actress. She is best known for her starring roles as Wanda Henrickson in the television series ''Big Love'' and Kathy Kone in '' PEN15'', and has appeared in several Paul Thomas Anderson films. ...
, who co-starred as waitresses at a mobster-operated restaurant. It premiered at the
Sundance Film Festival
The Sundance Film Festival (formerly Utah/US Film Festival, then US Film and Video Festival) is an annual film festival organized by the Sundance Institute. It is the largest independent film festival in the United States, with more than 46,6 ...
, and received negative reviews, though Carey's performance was praised; Roger Friedman of
Fox News
The Fox News Channel, abbreviated FNC, commonly known as Fox News, and stylized in all caps, is an American multinational conservative cable news television channel based in New York City. It is owned by Fox News Media, which itself is o ...
described her as "a
Thelma Ritter
Thelma Ritter (February 14, 1902 – February 5, 1969) was an American actress, best known for her comedic roles as working-class characters and her strong New York accent. She won the 1958 Tony Award for Best Actress in a Musical, and received ...
for the new millennium", and wrote, "Her line delivery is sharp and she manages to get the right laughs."
Carey performed the American
national anthem
A national anthem is a patriotic musical composition symbolizing and evoking eulogies of the history and traditions of a country or nation. The majority of national anthems are marches or hymns in style. American, Central Asian, and Europea ...
at the
Super Bowl XXXVI
Super Bowl XXXVI was an American football game between the National Football Conference (NFC) champion St. Louis Rams and the American Football Conference (AFC) champion New England Patriots to decide the National Football League (NFL) champion ...
at the
Louisiana Superdome
The Caesars Superdome, commonly known as the Superdome (formerly known as Mercedes-Benz Superdome), is a multi-purpose stadium located in the Central Business District of New Orleans, Louisiana. It is the home stadium of the New Orleans Sain ...
in New Orleans, Louisiana.
In December 2002, Carey released her ninth studio album, ''
Charmbracelet
''Charmbracelet'' is the ninth studio album by American singer Mariah Carey, released on December 3, 2002, through MonarC Entertainment and Island Records. The album was Carey's first release since her breakdown following the release of her fi ...
'', which she said marked "a new lease on life" for her.
Sales of ''Charmbracelet'' were moderate and the quality of Carey's vocals came under criticism. Joan Anderson from ''
The Boston Globe
''The Boston Globe'' is an American daily newspaper founded and based in Boston, Massachusetts. The newspaper has won a total of 27 Pulitzer Prizes, and has a total circulation of close to 300,000 print and digital subscribers. ''The Boston Glob ...
'' declared the album "the worst of her career, and revealed a voice
hat is
A hat is a head covering which is worn for various reasons, including protection against weather conditions, ceremonial reasons such as university graduation, religious reasons, safety, or as a fashion accessory. Hats which incorporate mecha ...
no longer capable of either gravity-defying gymnastics or soft coos",
while AllMusic editor Stephen Thomas Erlewine wrote, "Mariah's voice is shot, sounding in tatters throughout the record. She can no longer coo or softly croon nor can she perform her trademark gravity-defying vocal runs."
To support the album, Carey embarked on the
Charmbracelet World Tour
The Charmbracelet World Tour was the fifth worldwide concert tour in 2003–2004 by American singer-songwriter Mariah Carey in support of her ninth studio album ''Charmbracelet'' (2002). The tour started on June 20, 2003 in Seoul, South Korea, an ...
, spanning North America and East Asia over three months.
The United States shows were booked in theaters. She described the show as "much more intimate so you'll feel like you had an experience. You experience a night with me."
While smaller venues were booked throughout the tour's stateside leg, Carey performed in stadiums in Asia and Europe, playing for a crowd of over 35,000 in Manila, 50,000 in Malaysia, and to over 70,000 people in China.
In the United Kingdom, it was her first tour to feature shows outside London, booking arena stops in Glasgow, Birmingham and Manchester.
The tour garnered generally positive reviews, with many praising the production and the quality of Carey's vocals.
2005–2007: Resurgence with ''The Emancipation of Mimi''
![Mariah Carey & L](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/89/Mariah_Carey_%26_L.A._Reid_2005.jpg)
Carey's tenth studio album, ''
The Emancipation of Mimi
''The Emancipation of Mimi'' is the tenth studio album by American singer Mariah Carey, released through Island Records on April 12, 2005. The album was considered Carey's "comeback album" by critics and became her highest-selling release in t ...
'', was produced with
the Neptunes
The Neptunes are an American songwriting and production duo composed of Pharrell Williams and Chad Hugo, formed in Virginia Beach, Virginia, in 1992. Williams often provides additional vocals on records and appears in the duo's music video ...
,
Kanye West
Ye ( ; born Kanye Omari West ; June 8, 1977) is an American rapper, singer, songwriter, record producer, and fashion designer.
Born in Atlanta and raised in Chicago, West gained recognition as a producer for Roc-A-Fella Records in the ea ...
and Carey's longtime collaborator,
Jermaine Dupri
Jermaine Dupri Mauldin (born September 23, 1972) is an American rapper, songwriter, record producer, record executive, entrepreneur, and DJ.
Early life
Jermaine Dupri Mauldin was born on September 23, 1972, the son of Tina (Mosley) and Michael ...
. She described the album as "very much like a party record ... the process of putting on makeup and getting ready to go out ... I wanted to make a record that was reflective of that."
''The Emancipation of Mimi'' topped the charts in the United States, becoming Carey's fifth number-one album and first since ''
Butterfly
Butterflies are insects in the macrolepidopteran clade Rhopalocera from the order Lepidoptera, which also includes moths. Adult butterflies have large, often brightly coloured wings, and conspicuous, fluttering flight. The group compris ...
'' (1997), and was warmly accepted by critics. Caroline Sullivan of ''
The Guardian
''The Guardian'' is a British daily newspaper. It was founded in 1821 as ''The Manchester Guardian'', and changed its name in 1959. Along with its sister papers '' The Observer'' and '' The Guardian Weekly'', ''The Guardian'' is part of the ...
'' defined it as "cool, focused and urban
.. some ofthe first Mariah Carey tunes in years which I wouldn't have to be paid to listen to again,"
while ''
USA Today
''USA Today'' (stylized in all uppercase) is an American daily middle-market newspaper and news broadcasting company. Founded by Al Neuharth on September 15, 1982, the newspaper operates from Gannett's corporate headquarters in Tysons, Virgini ...
''s Elysa Gardner wrote, "The
ongstruly reflect the renewed confidence of a songbird who has taken her shots and kept on flying."
The album's second single, "
We Belong Together
"We Belong Together" is a song by American singer-songwriter Mariah Carey from her 10th studio album, ''The Emancipation of Mimi'' (2005). The song was released on March 15, 2005, through Island Records, as the second single from the album. "W ...
", became a "career re-defining"
song for Carey, after a relatively unsuccessful period and a point when many critics had considered her career over.
Music critics heralded the song as her "return to form,"
as well as the "return of The Voice,"
while many felt it would revive "faith" in Carey's potential as a
ballad
A ballad is a form of verse, often a narrative set to music. Ballads derive from the medieval French ''chanson balladée'' or '' ballade'', which were originally "dance songs". Ballads were particularly characteristic of the popular poetry and ...
eer.
"We Belong Together" broke several records in the United States and became Carey's sixteenth chart topper on the
''Billboard'' Hot 100.
After staying at number one for fourteen non-consecutive weeks, the song became the
second longest running number one song in US chart history, behind Carey's 1996 collaboration with
Boyz II Men
Boyz II Men (pronounced ''boys to men''), also known as B2M, is an American vocal harmony group from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, best known for emotional ballads and a cappella harmonies. They are currently a trio composed of baritone Nathan ...
, "
One Sweet Day
"One Sweet Day" is a song recorded by American singer-songwriter Mariah Carey and vocal group Boyz II Men. The song was released on as the second single from Carey's fifth studio album, ''Daydream'' (1995) by Columbia Records. The artists co ...
".
''Billboard'' listed it as the "song of the decade" and the ninth most popular song of all time.
The song broke several airplay records, and according to Nielsen BDS, and gathered both the largest one-day and one-week audiences in history.
During the week of September 25, 2005, Carey set another record, becoming the first female to occupy the first two spots atop the Hot 100, as "We Belong Together" remained at number one, and her next single, "
Shake It Off", moved into the number two spot (
Ashanti had topped the chart in 2002 while being a "featured" singer on the number two single).
On the
''Billboard'' Hot 100 Year-end Chart of 2005, the song was declared the number one song, a career first for Carey.
''Billboard'' listed "We Belong Together" ninth on The ''Billboard'' Hot 100 All-Time Top Songs and was declared the most popular song of the 2000s decade by ''Billboard''.
The album was re-released as ''The Ultra Platinum Edition''.
''The Emancipation of Mimi'' earned ten
Grammy Award
The Grammy Awards (stylized as GRAMMY), or simply known as the Grammys, are awards presented by the Recording Academy of the United States to recognize "outstanding" achievements in the music industry. They are regarded by many as the most pr ...
nominations: eight in 2006 for the original release (the most received by Carey in a single year),
and two in 2007 for the ''Ultra Platinum Edition'' (from which "
Don't Forget About Us
"Don't Forget About Us" is a song by American singer and songwriter Mariah Carey. It was written by Carey, Jermaine Dupri, Bryan-Michael Cox and Johntá Austin, and produced by Carey, Dupri and Cox. It was released as the fifth single on Octobe ...
" became her seventeenth number-one hit). Carey won
Best Contemporary R&B Album
The Grammy Award for Best Contemporary R&B Album was an honor presented at the Grammy Awards, a ceremony that was established in 1958 and originally called the Gramophone Awards, to recording artists for quality works on albums in the contemporary ...
and
Best Female R&B Vocal Performance
The Grammy Award for Best Female R&B Vocal Performance (previously called Best Rhythm and Blues Solo Vocal Performance, Female) was an honor presented at the Grammy Awards, a ceremony established in 1958 and originally called the Gramophone Awards ...
and
Best R&B Song
The Grammy Award for Best R&B Song (sometimes known as the R&B Songwriter's Award) has been awarded since 1969. From 1969 to 2000, it was known as the Grammy Award for Best Rhythm and Blues Song. Beyoncé has won it a record four times, while Bab ...
for "We Belong Together".
''The Emancipation of Mimi'' was the best-selling album in the United States in 2005, with nearly five million units sold. It was the first album by a solo female artist to become the year's best-selling album since
Alanis Morissette
Alanis Nadine Morissette ( ; born June 1, 1974) is a Canadian-American singer, songwriter, and actress. Known for her emotive mezzo-soprano voice and confessional songwriting, Morissette began her career in Canada in the early 1990s with two ...
's ''
Jagged Little Pill'' in 1996.
At the end of 2005, the
IFPI
The International Federation of the Phonographic Industry (IFPI) is the organisation that represents the interests of the recording industry worldwide. It is a non-profit members' organisation registered in Switzerland and founded in Italy in 1 ...
reported that ''The Emancipation of Mimi'' had sold more than 7.7 million copies globally, and was the second-best-selling album of the year after
Coldplay
Coldplay are a British rock band formed in London in 1997. They consist of vocalist and pianist Chris Martin, guitarist Jonny Buckland, bassist Guy Berryman, drummer Will Champion and creative director Phil Harvey. They met at University ...
's ''
X&Y''.
To date, ''The Emancipation of Mimi'' has sold over 12 million copies worldwide.
In support of the album, Carey embarked on her first headlining tour in three years, named
The Adventures of Mimi
The Adventures of Mimi was a 2006 concert tour of arenas by American singer-songwriter Mariah Carey. It was one of a few tours in her then-sixteen-year career and was named after a fan's "Carey-centric" diary of the same name. The bus tour starte ...
after a "Carey-centric fan's" music diary.
The tour spanned 40 dates, with 32 in the United States and Canada, two in Africa, and six in Japan.
It received warm reception from music critics and concert goers, many of which celebrated the quality of Carey's vocals.
2008–2009: ''E=MC²'', ''Memoirs of an Imperfect Angel'', and ''Precious''
In early 2007, Carey began to work on her eleventh studio album, ''
E=MC²'', in a private villa in
Anguilla
Anguilla ( ) is a British Overseas Territory in the Caribbean. It is one of the most northerly of the Leeward Islands in the Lesser Antilles, lying east of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands and directly north of Saint Martin. The terr ...
.
Although ''E=MC²'' was well received by most critics,
some of them criticized it for being very similar to the formula used on ''The Emancipation of Mimi''.
Two weeks before the album's release, "
Touch My Body", the record's lead single, reached the top position on the ''Billboard'' Hot 100, becoming Carey's eighteenth number one and making her the solo artist with the
most number one singles in United States history, pushing her past
Elvis Presley
Elvis Aaron Presley (January 8, 1935 – August 16, 1977), or simply Elvis, was an American singer and actor. Dubbed the " King of Rock and Roll", he is regarded as one of the most significant cultural figures of the 20th century. His ener ...
into second place according to the magazine's revised methodology.
Carey is second only to
The Beatles
The Beatles were an English Rock music, rock band, formed in Liverpool in 1960, that comprised John Lennon, Paul McCartney, George Harrison and Ringo Starr. They are regarded as the Cultural impact of the Beatles, most influential band of al ...
, who have twenty number-one singles. Additionally, it gave Carey her 79th week atop the Hot 100, tying her with Presley as the artist with the
most weeks at number one in the ''Billboard'' chart history."
![Mariah Carey by David Shankbone](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/88/Mariah_Carey_by_David_Shankbone.jpg)
''E=MC²'' debuted at number one on the ''Billboard'' 200 with 463,000 copies sold, the biggest opening week sales of her career.
In 2008, Carey also played an aspiring singer named Krystal in ''
Tennessee
Tennessee ( , ), officially the State of Tennessee, is a landlocked U.S. state, state in the Southeastern United States, Southeastern region of the United States. Tennessee is the List of U.S. states and territories by area, 36th-largest by ...
''
and had a
cameo appearance
A cameo role, also called a cameo appearance and often shortened to just cameo (), is a brief appearance of a well-known person in a work of the performing arts. These roles are generally small, many of them non-speaking ones, and are commonly ei ...
in
Adam Sandler
Adam Richard Sandler (born September 9, 1966) is an American comedian, actor, screenwriter, producer and singer. He was a cast member on ''Saturday Night Live'' from 1990 to 1995, before going on to star in numerous Hollywood films, those of wh ...
's film ''
You Don't Mess with the Zohan
''You Don't Mess with the Zohan'' is a 2008 American satirical action comedy film directed by Dennis Dugan, written by Adam Sandler, Robert Smigel, and Judd Apatow, and produced by Sandler, Smigel, and Jack Giarraputo. The film stars Sandler in ...
'', playing herself.
Since the album's release, Carey had planned to embark on an extensive tour in support of ''E=MC²''.
However the tour was suddenly cancelled in early December 2008.
Carey later stated that she had been pregnant during that time period, and suffered a miscarriage, hence she cancelled the tour.
On January 20, 2009, Carey performed "
Hero
A hero (feminine: heroine) is a real person or a main fictional character who, in the face of danger, combats adversity through feats of ingenuity, courage, or strength. Like other formerly gender-specific terms (like ''actor''), ''her ...
" at the
Neighborhood Inaugural Ball after
Barack Obama
Barack Hussein Obama II ( ; born August 4, 1961) is an American politician who served as the 44th president of the United States from 2009 to 2017. A member of the Democratic Party (United States), Democratic Party, Obama was the first Af ...
was sworn as the first African-American president of the United States.
On July 7, 2009, Carey – alongside
Trey Lorenz
Trey Lorenz (born Lloyd Lorenz Smith; January 19, 1969) is an American R&B singer-songwriter and record producer. He was born in Florence, South Carolina and is a graduate of Wilson High School. Lorenz is best known for his duet with recording a ...
– performed her version of
The Jackson 5
The Jackson 5 (sometimes stylized as the Jackson 5ive, also known as the Jacksons) are an American pop band composed of members of the Jackson family. The group was founded in 1964 in Gary, Indiana, and for most o ...
song "
I'll Be There" at the memorial service for
Michael Jackson
Michael Joseph Jackson (August 29, 1958 – June 25, 2009) was an American singer, songwriter, dancer, and philanthropist. Dubbed the " King of Pop", he is regarded as one of the most significant cultural figures of the 20th century. Over ...
.
In 2009, she appeared as a
social work
Social work is an academic discipline and practice-based profession concerned with meeting the basic needs of individuals, families, groups, communities, and society as a whole to enhance their individual and collective well-being. Social wo ...
er in ''
Precious'', the movie adaptation of the 1996 novel ''Push'' by
Sapphire
Sapphire is a precious gemstone, a variety of the mineral corundum, consisting of aluminium oxide () with trace amounts of elements such as iron, titanium, chromium, vanadium, or magnesium. The name sapphire is derived via the Latin "sa ...
. The film garnered mostly positive reviews from critics, also for Carey's performance.
''
Variety
Variety may refer to:
Arts and entertainment Entertainment formats
* Variety (radio)
* Variety show, in theater and television
Films
* ''Variety'' (1925 film), a German silent film directed by Ewald Andre Dupont
* ''Variety'' (1935 film), ...
'' described her acting as "pitch-perfect."
In January 2010, Carey won the Breakthrough Actress Performance Award for her role in ''Precious'' at the
Palm Springs International Film Festival.
On September 25, 2009, Carey's twelfth studio album, ''
Memoirs of an Imperfect Angel'', was released. Reception for the album was mostly mixed; Stephen Thomas Erlewine of AllMusic called it "her most interesting album in a decade,"
while Jon Caramanica from ''
The New York Times
''The New York Times'' (''the Times'', ''NYT'', or the Gray Lady) is a daily newspaper based in New York City with a worldwide readership reported in 2020 to comprise a declining 840,000 paid print subscribers, and a growing 6 million paid ...
'' criticized Carey's vocal performances, decrying her overuse of her softer vocal registers at the expense of her more powerful lower and upper registers.
Commercially, the album debuted at number three on the ''Billboard'' 200, and became the lowest-selling studio album of her career.
"
Obsessed" served as the lead single,
and debuted at number eleven in the US before peaked at number seven, and became Carey's 27th top-ten entry within the nation, tying her with
Elton John
Sir Elton Hercules John (born Reginald Kenneth Dwight; 25 March 1947) is a British singer, pianist and composer. Commonly nicknamed the "Rocket Man" after his 1972 hit single of the same name, John has led a commercially successful career a ...
and
Janet Jackson
Janet Damita Jo Jackson (born May 16, 1966) is an American singer, songwriter, actress, and dancer. She is noted for her innovative, socially conscious and sexually provocative records, as well as elaborate stage shows. Her sound and choreog ...
for having the fifth most top-tens.
Its follow-up single, a cover of
Foreigner's "
I Want to Know What Love Is
"I Want to Know What Love Is" is a power ballad by the British-American rock band Foreigner. It was released in November 1984 as the lead single from their fifth album, ''Agent Provocateur''. The song hit number one in both the United Kingdom ...
", managed to break airplay records in Brazil. The song spent 27 weeks atop the
Brasil Hot 100 Airplay
Top 100 Brasil, previously Brasil Hot 100 Airplay, is the music singles charts in Brazil, compiled by Crowley Broadcast Analysis. In the beginning, the chart was published monthly by ''Billboard Brasil'' since the release of the magazine, in Octo ...
, making it the longest running song in the chart's history.
On December 31, 2009, Carey embarked on her seventh concert tour,
Angels Advocate Tour, which visited the United States and Canada and ended on September 26, 2010.
A planned
remix
A remix (or reorchestration) is a piece of media which has been altered or contorted from its original state by adding, removing, or changing pieces of the item. A song, piece of artwork, book, video, poem, or photograph can all be remixes. The o ...
album of ''Memoirs of an Imperfect Angel'', titled ''Angels Advocate'', was slated for a March 30, 2010 release but was eventually cancelled.
2010–2014: ''Merry Christmas II You'' and ''Me. I Am Mariah... The Elusive Chanteuse''
Following the cancellation of ''Angels Advocate'', it was announced that Carey would return to the studio to start work on her thirteenth studio album.
It was later revealed that it would be her second Christmas album, and follow-up to ''Merry Christmas''.
Longtime collaborators for the project included
Jermaine Dupri
Jermaine Dupri Mauldin (born September 23, 1972) is an American rapper, songwriter, record producer, record executive, entrepreneur, and DJ.
Early life
Jermaine Dupri Mauldin was born on September 23, 1972, the son of Tina (Mosley) and Michael ...
,
Johntá Austin
Johntá Austin ( ; born June 28, 1980) is an American singer-songwriter, arranger, producer, vocalist and rapper, signed to Jermaine Dupri's So So Def Recordings. He is known for collaborating with producers Bryan-Michael Cox, Jermaine Dupri an ...
,
Bryan-Michael Cox
Bryan-Michael Paul Cox (born December 1, 1977) is an American record producer and songwriter who is notable for his work with artists such as Usher, Mariah Carey, Mary J. Blige, and Toni Braxton. Among his most notable productions are "Be Wit ...
, and
Randy Jackson
Randall Darius Jackson (born June 23, 1956) is an American record executive and television presenter, perhaps best known as a judge on ''American Idol'' from 2002 to 2013.
Jackson began his career in the 1980s as a session musician playing ba ...
, as well as new collaborators such as
Marc Shaiman.
The release date for the album, titled ''
Merry Christmas II You
''Merry Christmas II You'' is the thirteenth studio album and second Christmas album by American singer-songwriter Mariah Carey. It was released by Island Records on November 2, 2010. Recording began in April 2010 and continued while Carey becam ...
'', was November 2, 2010;
the track list included six new songs as well as a remix of "All I Want for Christmas Is You".
''Merry Christmas II You'' debuted at number four on the ''Billboard'' 200 with sales of 56,000 copies, becoming Carey's 16th top ten album in the United States.
The album debuted at number one on the
R&B/Hip-Hop Albums
Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums is a music chart published weekly by '' Billboard'' magazine that ranks R&B and hip hop albums based on sales in the United States and is compiled by Nielsen SoundScan. The chart debuted as Hot R&B LPs in the issue dated ...
chart, making it only the second Christmas album to top this chart.
In May 2010, Carey dropped out of her planned appearance in ''
For Colored Girls
''For Colored Girls'' is a 2010 American drama film adapted from Ntozake Shange's 1975 original choreopoem ''for colored girls who have considered suicide / when the rainbow is enuf''. Written, directed and produced by Tyler Perry, the film featu ...
'', the film adaptation of the play ''
'', citing medical reasons.
In February 2011, Carey announced that she had begun writing new material for her upcoming fourteenth studio album. Carey recorded a duet with
Tony Bennett
Anthony Dominick Benedetto (born August 3, 1926), known professionally as Tony Bennett, is an American retired singer of traditional pop standards, big band, show tunes, and jazz. Bennett is also a painter, having created works under his birt ...
for his ''
Duets II'' album, titled "When Do The Bells Ring For Me?"
In October 2011, Carey announced that she re-recorded "All I Want for Christmas Is You" with
Justin Bieber
Justin Drew Bieber ( ; born March 1, 1994) is a Canadian singer. Bieber is recognized for his genre-melding musicianship and has played an influential role in modern-day popular music. He was discovered by American record executive Scooter ...
as a duet for his Christmas album, ''
Under the Mistletoe
''Under the Mistletoe'' is the first Christmas album and second studio album by Canadian singer Justin Bieber. The album was released on November 1, 2011.
The album debuted at number one on the US ''Billboard'' 200 chart, selling 210,000 copie ...
''.
In November 2011, Carey was included in the remix to the mixtape single "Warning" by
Uncle Murda
Leonard Grant (born July 25, 1980), better known by his stage name Uncle Murda, is an American rapper from East New York, Brooklyn. He is Afro Panamanian of his mother's side. He is currently signed to G-Unit Records. He is known for his annual ...
; the remix also features
50 Cent
Curtis James Jackson III (born July 6, 1975), known professionally as 50 Cent, is an American rapper, actor, and businessman. Born in the South Jamaica neighborhood of Queens, Jackson began pursuing a musical career in 2000, when he produced ...
and
Young Jeezy
Jay Wayne Jenkins (born September 28, 1977), known by his stage name Jeezy (or Young Jeezy), is an American rapper. Signing to Def Jam Recordings in 2004, his major label debut, '' Let's Get It: Thug Motivation 101'', was released the followin ...
.
That same month, Carey released a duet with
John Legend
John Roger Stephens (born December 28, 1978), known professionally as John Legend, is an American singer, songwriter, pianist, and record producer. He began his musical career by working behind the scenes, playing piano on Lauryn Hill's " Eve ...
titled "
When Christmas Comes
"When Christmas Comes" is a song by American singer and songwriter Mariah Carey from her second Christmas album/thirteenth studio album, ''Merry Christmas II You'' (2010). Carey wrote and produced the song in collaboration with James Poyser. A ...
", originally part of ''Merry Christmas II You''.
![MariahGMA](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/21/MariahGMA.jpg)
On March 1, 2012, Carey performed at
New York City
New York, often called New York City or NYC, is the List of United States cities by population, most populous city in the United States. With a 2020 population of 8,804,190 distributed over , New York City is also the L ...
's Gotham Hall; her first time performing since her pregnancy.
She also performed a three-song set at a special fundraiser for U.S. President
Barack Obama
Barack Hussein Obama II ( ; born August 4, 1961) is an American politician who served as the 44th president of the United States from 2009 to 2017. A member of the Democratic Party (United States), Democratic Party, Obama was the first Af ...
held in New York's Plaza Hotel. A new song titled "Bring It On Home", which Carey wrote for the event to show her support for Obama's re-election campaign, was also performed.
In August 2012, she released a stand-alone single, "
Triumphant (Get 'Em)
"Triumphant (Get 'Em)" is a song by American singer Mariah Carey. It was written by Carey, Jermaine Dupri, Bryan-Michael Cox, Rick Ross, and Meek Mill. The song was released on August 3, 2012, and Carey stated the song was written when her the ...
", featuring rappers
Rick Ross
William Leonard Roberts II (born January 28, 1976), known professionally as Rick Ross, is an American rapper.
Prior to releasing his debut single, "Hustlin'", in 2006, Ross was the subject of a bidding war, receiving offers from Diddy's Bad ...
and
Meek Mill
Robert Rihmeek Williams (born May 6, 1987), known professionally as Meek Mill, is an American rapper. Born and raised in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, he embarked on his music career as a battle rapper, and later formed a short-lived rap group, ...
and co-written and co-produced by Carey,
Jermaine Dupri
Jermaine Dupri Mauldin (born September 23, 1972) is an American rapper, songwriter, record producer, record executive, entrepreneur, and DJ.
Early life
Jermaine Dupri Mauldin was born on September 23, 1972, the son of Tina (Mosley) and Michael ...
, and
Bryan-Michael Cox
Bryan-Michael Paul Cox (born December 1, 1977) is an American record producer and songwriter who is notable for his work with artists such as Usher, Mariah Carey, Mary J. Blige, and Toni Braxton. Among his most notable productions are "Be Wit ...
.
Carey joined the judging panel of the
twelfth season of ''
American Idol
''American Idol'' is an American singing competition television series created by Simon Fuller, produced by Fremantle North America and 19 Entertainment, and distributed by Fremantle North America. It aired on Fox from June 11, 2002, to ...
'' as
Jennifer Lopez
Jennifer Lynn Affleck (' Lopez; born July 24, 1969), also known as J.Lo, is an American singer, actress and dancer. In 1991, she began appearing as a Fly Girl dancer on the sketch comedy television series '' In Living Color'', where she re ...
's replacement, joining
Randy Jackson
Randall Darius Jackson (born June 23, 1956) is an American record executive and television presenter, perhaps best known as a judge on ''American Idol'' from 2002 to 2013.
Jackson began his career in the 1980s as a session musician playing ba ...
,
Nicki Minaj
Onika Tanya Maraj-Petty (; born December 8, 1982), known professionally as Nicki Minaj ( ), is a Trinidadian-born rapper based in the United States. She is known for her musical versatility, animated flow in her rapping, alter egos and accents ...
and
Keith Urban
Keith Lionel Urban (born 26 October 1967) is an Australian-American musician, singer, guitarist and songwriter known for his work in country music. Recognized with four Grammy Awards, Urban also received fifteen Academy of Country Music Award ...
.
Throughout the show there were on-set disagreements between
Minaj and Carey.
Three years later, Carey did not make an appearance for its original series finale. Carey appeared in
Lee Daniels
Lee Daniels (born December 24, 1959) is an American film and television producer, director and screenwriter. His first producer credit was ''Monster's Ball'' (2001), for which Halle Berry won the Academy Award for Best Actress, making Daniels ...
' 2013 film ''
The Butler
''The Butler'' (full title ''Lee Daniels' The Butler'') is a 2013 American historical drama film directed and co-produced by Lee Daniels and with a screenplay by Danny Strong. It is inspired by Wil Haygood's '' Washington Post'' article "A B ...
'', about a
White House
The White House is the official residence and workplace of the president of the United States. It is located at 1600 Pennsylvania Avenue NW in Washington, D.C., and has been the residence of every U.S. president since John Adams in ...
butler who served eight American presidents over the course of three decades.
Carey made
guest voice
The human voice consists of sound made by a human being using the vocal tract, including talking, singing, laughing, crying, screaming, shouting, humming or yelling. The human voice frequency is specifically a part of human sound producti ...
-star as a
redneck
''Redneck'' is a derogatory term chiefly, but not exclusively, applied to white Americans perceived to be crass and unsophisticated, closely associated with rural whites of the Southern United States.Harold Wentworth, and Stuart Berg Flexner, ' ...
character on the adult animated series ''
American Dad!
''American Dad!'' is an American animated sitcom created by Seth MacFarlane, Mike Barker and Matt Weitzman for the Fox Broadcasting Company. Since 2014, the series has been airing new episodes on TBS. ''American Dad!'' is the first television ...
'' on November 24, 2013.
In February 2013, Carey recorded and released a song called "
Almost Home", for the soundtrack of the
Walt Disney Studios film ''
Oz the Great and Powerful
''Oz the Great and Powerful'' is a 2013 American fantasy adventure film directed by Sam Raimi and written by David Lindsay-Abaire and Mitchell Kapner from a story by Kapner. Based on L. Frank Baum's early 20th century ''Oz'' novels and set 20 y ...
''. The video was directed by photographer
David LaChapelle
David LaChapelle (born March 11, 1963) is an American photographer, music video director and film director. He is best known for his work in fashion, photography, which often references art history and sometimes conveys social messages. His pho ...
.
For her 14th album, Carey worked with producers including
DJ Clue?
Ernesto Shaw (born January 8, 1975), better known as DJ Clue, is an American disc jockey (DJ), record producer, radio personality and record executive.
Early life
DJ Clue was born in Queens, New York City to Panamanian and Jamaican immigran ...
,
Randy Jackson
Randall Darius Jackson (born June 23, 1956) is an American record executive and television presenter, perhaps best known as a judge on ''American Idol'' from 2002 to 2013.
Jackson began his career in the 1980s as a session musician playing ba ...
,
Q-Tip,
R. Kelly,
David Morales
David Morales (; born August 21, 1962) is an American disc jockey (DJ) and record producer. In addition to his production and DJ work, Morales is also a remixer.
David Morales has remixed and produced over 500 releases for artists including ...
,
Loris Holland,
Stevie J,
James Fauntleroy II
James Edward Fauntleroy II (born May 16, 1984) is an American singer, songwriter, and record producer from Inglewood, California. He is best known for writing credits on tracks by high-profile artists such as Travis Scott, Frank Ocean, Kendrick ...
, Ray Angry, Afanasieff, Dupri,
Bryan-Michael Cox
Bryan-Michael Paul Cox (born December 1, 1977) is an American record producer and songwriter who is notable for his work with artists such as Usher, Mariah Carey, Mary J. Blige, and Toni Braxton. Among his most notable productions are "Be Wit ...
, James "Big Jim" Wright,
Hit-Boy
Chauncey Alexander Hollis Jr. (born May 21, 1987), better known by his stage name Hit-Boy, is an American record producer, rapper, singer, and songwriter. In May 2011, he had signed a two-year deal with Kanye West's GOOD Music production branch. ...
,
The-Dream
Terius Youngdell Nash (born September 20, 1977), better known by his stage name The-Dream, is an American singer, songwriter, and record producer. His co-writing credits include songs with "Me Against the Music" (2003) for Britney Spears, " Rid ...
,
Da Brat
Shawntae Harris-Dupart (born April 14, 1974), better known by her stage name Da Brat, is an American rapper. Born and raised in Chicago, Illinois, she began her career in 1992, the year she signed with So So Def Records. Her debut album '' Fun ...
, and
Rodney Jerkins
Rodney Roy Jerkins (born July 29, 1977), also known by his stage name Darkchild, is an American record producer, rapper, and songwriter. He has collaborated with a broad range of popular artists.
Jerkins has won multiple Grammy Awards. Among hi ...
. Carey told ''
Billboard
A billboard (also called a hoarding in the UK and many other parts of the world) is a large outdoor advertising structure (a billing board), typically found in high-traffic areas such as alongside busy roads. Billboards present large adverti ...
'': "It's about making sure I have tons of good music, because at the end of the day that's the most important thing... There are a lot more raw ballads than people might expect...there are also uptempo and signature-type songs that represent
ydifferent facets as an artist."
The lead single, "
Beautiful
Beautiful, an adjective used to describe things as possessing beauty, may refer to:
Film and theater
* ''Beautiful'' (2000 film), an American film directed by Sally Field
* ''Beautiful'' (2008 film), a South Korean film directed by Juhn Jai-h ...
" featuring singer
Miguel, was released on May 6, 2013, and peaked at number 15 on the Hot 100.
Carey taped a performance of "Beautiful" along with a medley of her greatest hits on May 15, 2013; the taping aired on the ''American Idol'' finale the following day.
On October 14, 2013, Carey announced that the album's former
title track
A title track is a song that has the same name as the album or film in which it appears. In the Korean music industry, the term is used to describe a promoted song on an album, akin to a single, regardless of the song's title.
Title track may a ...
has been chosen as the second single; it premiered via
Facebook
Facebook is an online social media and social networking service owned by American company Meta Platforms. Founded in 2004 by Mark Zuckerberg with fellow Harvard College students and roommates Eduardo Saverin, Andrew McCollum, Dust ...
on November 11, 2013. During a Q&A session following the song's release, Carey gave an update about the album, stating: "Now I've been inspired to add two more songs, so we're almost there. I can't even express this properly but I feel like this is gonna be my favorite album."
Following another song release, "
You're Mine (Eternal)",
it was announced that ''The Art of Letting Go'' would no longer be the title of the album.
After the final name was announced, ''
Me. I Am Mariah... The Elusive Chanteuse'' was released on May 27, 2014.
In October 2014, Carey announced
All I Want For Christmas Is You, A Night of Joy & Festivity, an annual residency show at the
Beacon Theatre in
New York City
New York, often called New York City or NYC, is the List of United States cities by population, most populous city in the United States. With a 2020 population of 8,804,190 distributed over , New York City is also the L ...
.
The first leg included six shows, running from December 15 to 22, 2014.
Carey announced the second leg in October 2015.
The second leg ran for 8 shows, from December 8–18, 2015.
2015–2017: Las Vegas residency, television and film projects
On January 30, 2015, it was announced that Carey had left
Universal Music Group
Universal Music Group N.V. (often abbreviated as UMG and referred to as just Universal Music) is a Dutch–American multinational music corporation under Dutch law. UMG's corporate headquarters are located in Hilversum, Netherlands and its ...
's Def Jam Recordings to reunite with
L.A. Reid and Sony Music via
Epic Records
Epic Records is an American record label owned by Sony Music Entertainment, a subsidiary of Sony Corporation of America, the North American division of Japanese conglomerate Sony. The label was founded predominantly as a jazz and classical m ...
.
Carey also announced her new
#1 to Infinity residency at
The Colosseum at Caesars Palace in
Las Vegas
Las Vegas (; Spanish for "The Meadows"), often known simply as Vegas, is the 25th-most populous city in the United States, the most populous city in the state of Nevada, and the county seat of Clark County. The city anchors the Las Veg ...
the same month.
To coincide with the residency, Carey released ''
#1 to Infinity'', a
greatest hits
A greatest hits album or best-of album is a type of compilation album that collects popular and commercially successful songs by a particular artist or band. While greatest hits albums are typically supported by the artist, they can also be crea ...
compilation album
A compilation album comprises tracks, which may be previously released or unreleased, usually from several separate recordings by either one or several performers. If by one artist, then generally the tracks were not originally intended for rel ...
containing all of her eighteen
''Billboard'' Hot 100 number one singles at the time, along with a new recording, "
Infinity
Infinity is that which is boundless, endless, or larger than any natural number. It is often denoted by the infinity symbol .
Since the time of the ancient Greeks, the philosophical nature of infinity was the subject of many discussions am ...
", which was released as a single on April 27.
In 2015 Carey had her
directorial debut
This is a list of film directorial debuts in chronological order. The films and dates referred to are a director's first commercial cinematic release. Many film makers have directed works which were not commercially released, for example early work ...
for the
Hallmark Channel
The Hallmark Channel is an American television channel owned by Crown Media Holdings, Inc., which in turn is owned by Hallmark Cards, Inc. The channel's programming is primarily targeted at families, and features a mix of television movies a ...
Christmas movie ''
A Christmas Melody
''A Christmas Melody'', also known under its working title of ''Mistletoe & Melody'', is a 2015 American Christmas television film directed by Mariah Carey, who co-stars with Lacey Chabert. It was filmed in Ohio during October 2015, and premiered ...
'', in which she also performed as one of the main characters. Filming for the project took place during October 2015.
In December 2015, Carey announced
The Sweet Sweet Fantasy Tour which spanned a total of 27-dates beginning in March 2016, marking Carey's first major tour of mainland Europe in 13 years. Four stops included shows in South Africa.
The tour grossed $30.3 million.
![Mariah Carey 2016 2](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/02/Mariah_Carey_2016_2.jpg)
On March 15, 2016, Carey announced that she was filming ''
Mariah's World
''Mariah's World'' is an American reality show that premiered on December 4, 2016 on the E! cable network. Announced in March 2016, the eight-episode series follows the life of singer Mariah Carey as she begins her The Sweet Sweet Fantasy Tour a ...
'', a
docu-series
Television documentaries are televised media productions that screen documentaries.
Television documentaries exist either as a television documentary series or as a television documentary film.
*Television documentary series, sometimes called d ...
for the
E! network documenting her Sweet Sweet Fantasy tour and her wedding planning process. Carey told ''
The New York Times
''The New York Times'' (''the Times'', ''NYT'', or the Gray Lady) is a daily newspaper based in New York City with a worldwide readership reported in 2020 to comprise a declining 840,000 paid print subscribers, and a growing 6 million paid ...
'', "I thought it would be a good opportunity to kind of, like, show my personality and who I am, even though I feel like my real fans have an idea of who I am... A lot of people have misperceptions about this and that."
The series premiered on December 4, 2016.
Carey guest starred on the musical drama ''
Empire
An empire is a "political unit" made up of several territories and peoples, "usually created by conquest, and divided between a dominant center and subordinate peripheries". The center of the empire (sometimes referred to as the metropole) ex ...
'', as a superstar singer named Kitty and sung the song "Infamous" featuring
Jussie Smollett
Jussie Smollett (, born June 21, 1982) is an American actor and singer. He began his career as a child actor in 1991 debuting in '' The Mighty Ducks'' (1992). In 2015, Smollett portrayed musician Jamal Lyon in the Fox drama series ''Empire'', a ...
.
On December 5, 2016, Carey participated in the ''VH1 Divas#VH1 Divas Holiday: Unsilent Night, VH1 Divas Holiday: Unsilent Night'' benefit concert, alongside Vanessa Williams, Chaka Khan, Patti LaBelle, and Teyana Taylor.
On December 31, 2016, Dick Clark's New Year's Rockin' Eve#2017-present: New Orleans expansion, Mariah Carey incident and return, Carey's performance on ''Dick Clark's New Year's Rockin' Eve'' in Times Square received worldwide attention after technical difficulties caused Carey's in-ear monitors to malfunction, resulting in what ''The New York Times'' referred to as a "performance train wreck."
Carey cited her inability to hear the music without in-ear auditory feedback as the cause for the mishap.
Carey's representatives and Dick Clark Productions placed blame on each other.
On February 3, 2017, Carey released the single "I Don't (Mariah Carey song), I Don't" featuring YG (rapper), YG.
Later that month, she voiced the Mayor of Gotham City in the animated film ''
The Lego Batman Movie
''The Lego Batman Movie'' is a 2017 computer-animated superhero comedy film produced by Warner Animation Group, DC Entertainment, RatPac Entertainment, Lego System A/S, Dan Lin's Lin Pictures, Phil Lord and Christopher Miller's Lord Miller Pro ...
''.
In July 2017, Carey made a cameo in the comedy film ''Girls Trip'', starring Queen Latifah, Jada Pinkett Smith, Regina Hall, and Tiffany Haddish.
The same month, Carey embarked on a tour with
Lionel Richie
Lionel Brockman Richie Jr. (born June 20, 1949) is an American singer, songwriter, record producer, and television personality. He rose to fame in the 1970s as a songwriter and the co-lead singer of funk band the Commodores; writing and recor ...
, titled, All the Hits Tour (Lionel Richie and Mariah Carey), All the Hits Tour.
Carey was also featured in the official remix for French Montana's single "Unforgettable (French Montana song), Unforgettable", alongside Swae Lee.
In October 2017, she released a new soundtrack single, "The Star (Mariah Carey song), The Star", for the The Star (2017 film), movie of the same name.
Carey also developed an animated Christmas film, titled ''Mariah Carey's All I Want For Christmas Is You'', for which she recorded an original song called "Lil' Snowman." The film was released direct-to-video on November 14, 2017.
In the same month, Carey resumed her concer All I Want for Christmas Is You, a Night of Joy and Festivity concert series, which for the first time visited other countries including England and France.
On December 31, 2017, Carey returned to perform on ''Dick Clark's New Year's Rockin' Eve'' after the technical difficulties that hindered her previous performance, in what ''
The New York Times
''The New York Times'' (''the Times'', ''NYT'', or the Gray Lady) is a daily newspaper based in New York City with a worldwide readership reported in 2020 to comprise a declining 840,000 paid print subscribers, and a growing 6 million paid ...
'' described as a "made-for-television act of pop culture redemption".
2018–2019: ''Caution'' and ''Merry Christmas'' reissue
In 2018, Carey signed a worldwide deal with Live Nation Entertainment. The first commitment out of the deal was her new Las Vegas residency, The Butterfly Returns, which was launched in July 2018 to critical acclaim. Its first 12 shows in 2018 grossed $3.6 million, with dates later extending into 2019 and 2020. Following the residency, Carey embarked on her Mariah Carey: Live in Concert tour in Asia and returned to Europe with her All I Want for Christmas Is You concert series. In September 2018, Carey announced plans to release her fifteenth studio album later in the year. The project was announced alongside the release of a new song titled "GTFO (song), GTFO", which she performed on September 21, 2018, when she headlined the 2018 iHeartRadio Music Festival. The album's lead single, "With You (Mariah Carey song), With You", was released in October and performed for the first time at the American Music Awards of 2018. The single became Carey's highest-charting non-holiday song on the US Adult Contemporary (chart), Adult Contemporary chart since "We Belong Together" in 2005. It was followed by a second single, "A No No". The album, titled ''Caution (Mariah Carey album), Caution'', was released on November 16, 2018, and received universal acclaim from critics; it debuted at number five on the ''Billboard'' 200.
By December 2018, the album had been featured on numerous year-end lists by music critics and publications.
![MariahRAH270519-51 (49620845103) (cropped)](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/46/MariahRAH270519-51_%2849620845103%29_%28cropped%29.jpg)
In February 2019, Carey commenced the Caution World Tour in support of the album. Later in 2019, Carey engaged in a series of business and television ventures. On May 29, 2019, the film ''Always Be My Maybe (2019 film), Always Be My Maybe'', inspired by the song "Always Be My Baby", was published on Netflix. On September 18, 2019, Carey released "In the Mix (Mariah Carey song), In the Mix", the theme song for the American Broadcasting Company, ABC sitcom ''Mixed-ish''. On November 1, 2019, Carey re-released her holiday album ''Merry Christmas'' for its 25th anniversary. The album package included the original album and another disc which include live performances from Carey's 1994 concert at St. John the Divine Church, several tracks from ''Merry Christmas II You'', as well as other stand-alone singles such as "Lil Snowman" and "The Star". On December 5, 2019, it was announced that a mini-documentary titled ''Mariah Carey Is Christmas!'', charting the creation and subsequent cultural legacy of "All I Want for Christmas Is You" was to be produced and broadcast on Amazon Music; it premiered later that month. Peaking at number one on the ''Billboard'' Hot 100 for the first time the same year, the song ended up giving Carey her nineteenth chart-topper in the US.
2020–present: ''The Rarities'' and ''The Meaning of Mariah Carey''
In January 2020, it was announced that Carey would be inducted into the
Songwriters Hall of Fame
The Songwriters Hall of Fame (SHOF) is an American institution founded in 1969 by songwriter Johnny Mercer, music publisher/songwriter Abe Olman, and publisher/executive Howie Richmond to honor those whose work, represent, and maintain, the her ...
during that year's ceremony on June 11, 2020, at the Marriott Marquis Hotel in
New York City
New York, often called New York City or NYC, is the List of United States cities by population, most populous city in the United States. With a 2020 population of 8,804,190 distributed over , New York City is also the L ...
.
Her memoir, ''The Meaning of Mariah Carey'' which was co-written with Michaela Angela Davis, was published in September of the same year. It recounts an "improbable and inspiring journey of survival and resilience as she struggles through complex issues of race, identity, class, childhood, and family trauma during her meteoric rise to music superstardom". The memoir became a number one The New York Times Best Seller list, ''New York Times'' Best Seller after its first week of release. Carey announced plans to celebrate the 30th anniversary of her debut album through the rest of 2020, in a promotional campaign billed "#MC30". The first release consisted of the live Extended Play, EP ''The Live Debut – 1990'' which was released on July 17, 2020. The digital-only release includes live performances from Carey's debut showcase at
New York City
New York, often called New York City or NYC, is the List of United States cities by population, most populous city in the United States. With a 2020 population of 8,804,190 distributed over , New York City is also the L ...
's Club Tatou on October 22, 1990.
On October 2, 2020, Carey released a compilation album titled ''The Rarities (Mariah Carey album), The Rarities'', which includes rare and unreleased songs that Carey recorded at various stages of her career.
Its lead single, "Save the Day (Mariah Carey song), Save the Day" featuring Lauryn Hill, was released on August 20, and its music video was released on September 13 as part of the airing of the U.S. Open tennis championships, U.S. Open. Four days later, the album's second single—a cover of Irene Cara's "Out Here on My Own"—was released after being recorded by Carey in 2000. At the end of October, Carey was featured on the track "Where I Belong (Busta Rhymes and Mariah Carey song), Where I Belong" from Busta Rhymes' album ''Extinction Level Event 2: The Wrath of God'', which was later released as the third single from the album in April 2021.
Carey's 2020 Christmas special, ''Mariah Carey's Magical Christmas Special'', premiered on December 4, 2020, on Apple TV+ along with a soundtrack. The special featured guests, including Ariana Grande, Jennifer Hudson, Snoop Dogg, Misty Copeland,
Jermaine Dupri
Jermaine Dupri Mauldin (born September 23, 1972) is an American rapper, songwriter, record producer, record executive, entrepreneur, and DJ.
Early life
Jermaine Dupri Mauldin was born on September 23, 1972, the son of Tina (Mosley) and Michael ...
, and Mykal-Michelle Harris. A new version of Carey's 2010 song "Oh Santa!", featuring guest vocals from Grande and Hudson, was released as a single the same day,
and peaked at number 76 on the US ''Billboard'' Hot 100. One week later, "All I Want for Christmas Is You" topped the UK charts for the first time after spending a record 69 weeks in its top 40 prior to reaching the summit, becoming Carey's third number-one song in the country.
In July 2021, Carey was featured on the track "Somewhat Loved" from Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis' debut studio album ''Jam & Lewis: Volume One'', which was released as the third single from the album, and reached the top-ten on the US Adult R&B Songs chart. On November 2, 2021, Carey teased a snippet of a new song titled "Fall in Love at Christmas", which features Khalid (singer), Khalid and Kirk Franklin. The single was released on November 5 and it was performed on her new Christmas special titled ''Mariah's Christmas: The Magic Continues''.
On January 12, 2022, Carey announced a new picture book titled ''The Christmas Princess (book), The Christmas Princess'', co-written with Michaela Angela Davis and illustrated by Fuuji Takashi. In March, Carey was featured alongside DJ Khaled on the remix of rapper Latto's single "Big Energy", taken from her sophomore album, ''777 (Latto album), 777''. The song samples Tom Tom Club's 1981 single, "Genius of Love" which Carey also used in her 1995 single "Fantasy".
The remix peaked at number 6 on the ARIA Charts and was certified double Platinum in Australia. It also charted at number 21 on the UK Official Singles Chart and was certified Silver by the British Phonographic Industry (BPI).
![Mariah Carey Toronto 2022 2](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0e/Mariah_Carey_Toronto_2022_2.jpg)
On September 16, 2022, an expanded version of ''
Butterfly
Butterflies are insects in the macrolepidopteran clade Rhopalocera from the order Lepidoptera, which also includes moths. Adult butterflies have large, often brightly coloured wings, and conspicuous, fluttering flight. The group compris ...
'' was released for the 25th anniversary of the album. In December 2022, Carey performed a pair of shows, titled at two venues: Scotiabank Arena in Toronto on December 9 and December 11, 2022, and Madison Square Garden in
New York City
New York, often called New York City or NYC, is the List of United States cities by population, most populous city in the United States. With a 2020 population of 8,804,190 distributed over , New York City is also the L ...
on December 13 and December 16, 2022.
Artistry
Influences
Carey has said that from childhood she has been influenced by Billie Holiday, Sarah Vaughan as well as R&B and soul musicians including Al Green, Stevie Wonder, Gladys Knight, and
Aretha Franklin
Aretha Louise Franklin ( ; March 25, 1942 – August 16, 2018) was an American singer, songwriter and pianist. Referred to as the " Queen of Soul", she has twice been placed ninth in '' Rolling Stone''s "100 Greatest Artists of All Time". Wit ...
.
Her music contains strong influences of gospel music, and she credits the Clark Sisters, Shirley Caesar, and Edwin Hawkins as the most influential in her early years.
When Carey incorporated
hip hop into her sound, speculation arose that she was making an attempt to take advantage of the genre's popularity, but she told ''Newsweek'', "People just don't understand. I grew up with this music." She has expressed appreciation for rappers such as the Sugarhill Gang, Eric B. & Rakim, the Wu-Tang Clan, The Notorious B.I.G. and Mobb Deep, with whom she collaborated on the single "The Roof (Back in Time)" (1998).
Carey was heavily influenced by Minnie Riperton, and began experimenting with the whistle register due to her original practice of the range.
During Carey's career, her vocal and musical style, along with her level of success, has been compared to
Whitney Houston
Whitney Elizabeth Houston (August 9, 1963 – February 11, 2012) was an American singer and actress. Nicknamed "Honorific nicknames in popular music, The Voice", she is Whitney Houston albums discography, one of the bestselling music artists ...
, whom she has also cited as an influence,
and
Celine Dion
Céline Marie Claudette Dion ( ; born 30 March 1968) is a Canadian singer. Noted for her powerful and technically skilled vocals, Dion is the best-selling Canadian recording artist, and the best-selling French-language artist of all time. Her ...
. Carey and her peers, according to Garry Mulholland, are "the princesses of wails... virtuoso vocalists who blend chart-oriented pop with mature middle of the road (music), MOR torch song."
Author and writer Lucy O'Brien attributed the comeback of Barbra Streisand's "old-fashioned showgirl" to Carey and Dion, and described them and Houston as "groomed, airbrushed and overblown to perfection."
Carey's musical transition and use of more revealing clothing during the late 1990s were, in part, initiated to distance herself from this image, and she subsequently said that most of her early work was "schmaltzy MOR."
Some have noted that unlike Houston and Dion, Carey writes and produces her own music.
Musical style
![Mariahparade2](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1b/Mariahparade2.jpg)
Love is the subject of the majority of Carey's lyrics, although she has written about themes such as loss, sex, race, abuse and spirituality.
She has said that much of her work is partly autobiographical, but ''Time (magazine), Time'' magazine's Christopher John Farley wrote: "If only Mariah Carey's music had the drama of her life. Her songs are often sugary and artificial—NutraSweet soul. But her life has passion and conflict," applying it to the first stages of her career. He commented that as her albums progressed, so too her songwriting and music blossomed into more mature and meaningful material.
Jim Faber of the ''Daily News (New York), New York Daily News'', made similar comments, "For Carey, vocalizing is all about the performance, not the emotions that inspired it. Singing, to her, represents a physical challenge, not an emotional unburdening."
While reviewing ''Music Box'', Stephen Holden from ''
Rolling Stone
''Rolling Stone'' is an American monthly magazine that focuses on music, politics, and popular culture. It was founded in San Francisco, California, in 1967 by Jann Wenner, and the music critic Ralph J. Gleason. It was first known for its ...
'' commented that Carey sang with "sustained passion," while Arion Berger of ''Entertainment Weekly'' wrote that during some vocal moments, Carey becomes "too overwhelmed to put her passion into words."
In 2001, ''The Village Voice'' wrote about Carey's "centerless ballads, "Carey's Strawberry Shortcake soul still provides the template with which teen pop, teen-pop cuties draw curlicues around those centerless Diane Warren, [Diane] Warren ballads [.....] it's largely because of [Blige] that the new R&B demands a greater range of emotional expression, smarter poetry, more from-the-gut testifying, and less [sic] unnecessary notes than the squeaky-clean and just plain squeaky Mariah era. Nowadays it's the Christina Aguileras and Jessica Simpsons who awkwardly oversing, while the women with roof-raising lung power keep it in check when tune or lyric demands."
Carey's output makes use of electronic musical instrument, electronic instruments such as drum machines,
electronic keyboard, keyboards and synthesizers.
Many of her songs contain piano-driven melodies,
as she was given piano lessons when she was six years old.
Carey said that she cannot read sheet music and prefers to collaborate with a pianist when composing her material, but feels that it is easier to experiment with faster and less-conventional melody, melodies and chord progressions using this technique.
While Carey learned to play the piano at a young age, and incorporates several ranges of production and instrumentation into her music, she has maintained that her voice has always been her most important asset: "My voice is my instrument; it always has been."
Carey began commissioning
remix
A remix (or reorchestration) is a piece of media which has been altered or contorted from its original state by adding, removing, or changing pieces of the item. A song, piece of artwork, book, video, poem, or photograph can all be remixes. The o ...
es of her material early in her career and helped to spearhead the practice of recording entirely new vocals for remixes.
Disc jockey
David Morales
David Morales (; born August 21, 1962) is an American disc jockey (DJ) and record producer. In addition to his production and DJ work, Morales is also a remixer.
David Morales has remixed and produced over 500 releases for artists including ...
has collaborated with Carey on several occasions, starting with "Dreamlover (song), Dreamlover" (1993), which popularized the tradition of remixing R&B songs into house music, house records, and which ''Slant Magazine, Slant'' magazine named one of the greatest dance songs of all time.
From "
Fantasy
Fantasy is a genre of speculative fiction involving magical elements, typically set in a fictional universe and sometimes inspired by mythology and folklore. Its roots are in oral traditions, which then became fantasy literature and d ...
" (1995) onward, Carey enlisted both hip-hop and house producers to re-structure her album compositions.
''Entertainment Weekly'' included two remixes of "Fantasy" on a list of Carey's greatest recordings compiled in 2005: a National Dance Music Award-winning remix produced by Morales, and a
Sean Combs
Sean Combs (born Sean John Combs; November 4, 1969), also known by his stage names Puff Daddy, P. Diddy, Puffy, or Diddy, is an American rapper, actor, record producer, and record executive. Born in New York City, he worked as a talent directo ...
production featuring rapper Ol' Dirty Bastard.
The latter has been credited with popularizing the R&B/hip-hop collaboration trend that has continued into the 2000s, through artists such as
Ashanti and Beyoncé.
Combs said that Carey "knows the importance of mixes, so you feel like you're with an artist who appreciates your work—an artist who wants to come up with something with you."
In an article in ''
The New York Times
''The New York Times'' (''the Times'', ''NYT'', or the Gray Lady) is a daily newspaper based in New York City with a worldwide readership reported in 2020 to comprise a declining 840,000 paid print subscribers, and a growing 6 million paid ...
'', writer David Browne (journalist), David Browne discusses how the once-ubiquitous melisma pop style was heavily popularized by singers such as Carey. Browne commented, "beginning [in 1990], melisma overtook pop in a way it hadn't before. Mariah Carey's debut hit from 1990, "Vision of Love", [set] the bar insanely high for notes stretched louder, longer and knottier than most pop fans had ever heard." Browne further added "A subsequent generation of singers, including Ms. Aguilera, Jennifer Hudson and Beyoncé, built their careers around melisma. (Men like Brian McKnight and Tyrese also indulged in it, but women tended to dominate the form.)"
Voice and timbre
Carey possesses a five-octave
vocal range
Vocal range is the range of pitches that a human voice can phonate. A common application is within the context of singing, where it is used as a defining characteristic for classifying singing voices into voice types. It is also a topic of st ...
,
and has the ability to reach notes beyond the seventh octave.
Referred to as the "Songbird Supreme" by the ''
Guinness World Records
''Guinness World Records'', known from its inception in 1955 until 1999 as ''The Guinness Book of Records'' and in previous United States editions as ''The Guinness Book of World Records'', is a reference book published annually, listing world ...
'',
she was ranked first in a 2003 MTV and ''Blender (magazine), Blender'' magazine countdown of the 22 Greatest Voices in Music, as voted by a combination of critics and readers in an online poll. Carey said of the poll: "What it really means is voice of the MTV generation. Of course, it's an enormous compliment, but I don't feel that way about myself."
She also placed second in ''Cove'' magazine's list of "The 100 Outstanding Pop Vocalists."
Regarding her voice type, type of voice Carey has said she is an contralto, although several critics have described her as a coloratura soprano, coloratura light lyric soprano.
Carey claims that she has had Vocal cord nodule, nodules on her vocal cords since childhood, due to which she can sing in a higher register than others. However, tiredness and sleep deprivation can affect her vocals due to the nodules, and Carey explained that she went through a lot of practice to maintain a balance during singing.
Carey stated in a 2021 interview with the ''Daily Express'' that with her voice, it's all about "timing, vocal rest and sleep". Jon Pareles of ''The New York Times'' described Carey's lower register as a "rich, husky alto" that extends to "dog-whistle high notes."
Additionally, towards the late 1990s, Carey began incorporating
breathy vocals into her material.
Tim Levell from BBC News described her vocals as "sultry close-to-the-mic breathiness,"
while ''USA Today''s Elysa Gardner wrote "it's impossible to deny the impact her vocal style, a florid blend of breathy riffing and resonant belting, has had on today's young pop and R&B stars."
Sasha Frere-Jones of ''The New Yorker'' adds her timbre possesses various colors, stating, "Carey's sound changes with nearly every line, mutating from a steely tone to a vibrating growl and then to a humid, breathy coo. Her wide vocal range allows Carey to take melodies from alto bottom notes to coloratura soprano upper register."
Carey also possesses a "whistle register." In an interview, Ron Givens of ''Entertainment Weekly'' described it this way, "first, a rippling, soulful ooh comes rolling effortlessly from her throat: alto. Then, after a quick breath, she goes for the stratosphere, with a sound that nearly changes the barometric pressure in the room. In one brief swoop, she seems to squeal and roar at the same time."
Her sense of pitch is admired
and Jon Pareles adds "she can linger over sensual turns, growl with playful confidence, syncopate like a scat singing, scat singer... with startlingly exact pitch."
Stage performances and videos
![MariahRAH270519-32 (49620848628)](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/10/MariahRAH270519-32_%2849620848628%29.jpg)
Despite being called a "show stopper" and "the 1990s pop phenomenon",
Carey suffered from stage fright in her early years in the music industry.
One of her earliest performances was at MTV Unplugged (Mariah Carey EP), MTV Unplugged, which received positive reception as Carey silenced critics saying her vocals were studio-made. Carey's "The Star-Spangled Banner" rendition at the
Super Bowl XXXVI
Super Bowl XXXVI was an American football game between the National Football Conference (NFC) champion St. Louis Rams and the American Football Conference (AFC) champion New England Patriots to decide the National Football League (NFL) champion ...
was called "stunning" by ''Billboard''. She also performed "
America the Beautiful
"America the Beautiful" is a patriotic American song. Its lyrics were written by Katharine Lee Bates and its music was composed by church organist and choirmaster Samuel A. Ward at Grace Episcopal Church in Newark, New Jersey. The two neve ...
" at the
1990 NBA Finals
The 1990 NBA Finals was the championship round of the 1989–90 National Basketball Association (NBA) season, and the conclusion of the season's playoffs. The series pitted the defending NBA champion and Eastern Conference playoff champion De ...
in which ''Rolling Stone'' writer, Brittany Spanos, stated the players were struck "with awe by the incredible talent of a burgeoning young star".
The singer received the only standing ovation of the night at the 48th Annual Grammy Awards, after performing the medley of "We Belong Together and "Fly Like a Bird".
Carey is known for being very static during her live performances; some reviewers credited her stage fright and lack of confidence as the reasoning, while others pointed out that her performances focus on her vocals and the quality of her songs. Her onstage hand gesticulations have usually been mimicked, as the singer has a tendency for "using her hands to point, flutter and sweep through the air as she deftly crests each run". When reviewing Carey's 2014 concert, Michael Lallo wrote that "If you're Mariah, you ... stroke your hair a lot. When a high note is on the horizon, you brace yourself by touching your ear and adopting a pained expression, provoking the crowd into losing its collective mind."
The music video for "
Fantasy
Fantasy is a genre of speculative fiction involving magical elements, typically set in a fictional universe and sometimes inspired by mythology and folklore. Its roots are in oral traditions, which then became fantasy literature and d ...
" was the first that Carey directed entirely on her own.
Carey had been open about the fact that she had not been happy with some of her previous music videos, and has subsequently been noted for self-directing and co-producing her subsequent videography. The song "
Honey
Honey is a sweet and viscous substance made by several bees, the best-known of which are honey bees. Honey is made and stored to nourish bee colonies. Bees produce honey by gathering and then refining the sugary secretions of plants (primar ...
" pushed Carey further towards hip hop and R&B than before.
The music video gained further attention, as Carey, for the first time in her career, was provocatively dressed, giving viewers a "taste of the freer Mariah."
''Billboard'' ranked Carey 73rd on its list of "The 100 Greatest Music Video Artists of All Time" in 2020, stating that "over three decades, [Carey] has gone from breezy girl next door, flaunting a denim collection as wide as her vocal range, to secret agent, runaway bride and even her own stalker in a collection of music videos that play like mini-dramas". The music video for "The Roof (Back in Time), The Roof" was ranked 18th on Slant Magazine's "100 Greatest Music Videos.
The music video for "
Heartbreaker
Heartbreaker(s) or The Heart Breaker(s) may refer to:
Film and television
*''The Heart Breakers'', a 1916 film starring Andrew Arbuckle
*'' The Heart Breaker'', a 1925 film directed by Benjamin Stoloff
* ''Heartbreaker'' (1983 film), an American ...
" remains List of most expensive music videos, one of the most expensive ever made, costing over $2.5 million. In 2021, Carey was honoured at the African American Film Critics Association with a Special Achievement Innovator Award for her "visual storytelling in her music videos and specials".
Image
Carey has been called a pop icon and has been labeled a "diva" for her stardom and persona. She said, "I have had diva moments, and then people can't handle it. I guess it's a little intense, because I come from a true diva: My mother is an opera singer. And that's a real diva, you know–Juilliard diva. And I mean it as a compliment, or I wouldn't be the person I am without experiencing that."
Carey's fanbase is known as the "Lambily", a portmanteau of "lamb" and "family". In 2008, Carey was named one of ''Time''s Time 100, 100 most influential artists and entertainers in the world. ''Now (newspaper), NOW'' writer Kevin Hegge agreed that "Carey’s influence is indisputable".
Carey was a "tabloid fixture in the early 2000's" and her Glitter (soundtrack)#Controversies, public breakdown during the promotion of her 2001 film, ''
Glitter
Glitter is an assortment of small, reflective particles that come in a variety of shapes, sizes, and colors. Glitter particles reflect light at different angles, causing the surface to sparkle or shimmer. Glitter is similar to confetti, sparkle ...
'', became the "stuff of tabloid legend" according to Justin Curto, writer for ''Vulture (magazine), Vulture''.
Hegge also went on to say that in recent years, the public has dwelled more on Carey's celebrity drama stating that "Carey's every misstep and quirk has been scrutinized to a viral extent ... the public loves nothing more than to dismiss her as a dim-witted celebrity prop".
After joining ''American Idol (season 12), American Idol'' as a judge for the twelfth season, Carey became List of highest paid American television stars, one of the highest paid American television stars.
She has also been described as a sex symbol. The singer mentions Marilyn Monroe as one of her biggest idols and her "beauty icon", and she referenced Monroe in some of her music videos, such as "I Still Believe" or "Don't Forget About Us". As the biggest pop star in music by the mid-1990s, Carey's "first years as a pop star were extraordinarily fruitful but restrictive".
In the late 1990s, after separating from Mottola, Carey adopted a more provocative and less conservative image than had been previously seen and began wearing more revealing clothes. Her album ''
Butterfly
Butterflies are insects in the macrolepidopteran clade Rhopalocera from the order Lepidoptera, which also includes moths. Adult butterflies have large, often brightly coloured wings, and conspicuous, fluttering flight. The group compris ...
'' has been credited for revamping Carey's image as a pop star where she began to embrace
hip hop and
R&B themes and fully come into her own self, resulting in butterfly, butterflies becoming a metaphorical symbol of her impact and legacy upon pop and R&B music.
Emilia Petrarca of ''W (magazine), W'' stated that "Carey is uber-cautious about cultivating her public image" but that when it comes to style, she is "more do than don’t".
Fashion has also been a part of Carey's image.
She was cited a fashion icons, fashion icon by ''Insider Inc., Insider'' writer Susanna Heller who added that "her decadent closet spans multiple rooms and is full of designer clothing, lingerie, shoes, and accessories". ''CR Fashion Book'' writer Shepherd also stated that while her "sartorial aesthetic has shifted here and there ..., the music icon largely favors sexy, skin-baring, and often bedazzled looks.
During her tours, she has frequently worn Jimmy Choo (company), Jimmy Choo and Christian Louboutin high-end Stilletto heel, stiletto footwear, as well as leotards, corsets, and fishnet tights. Laura Antonia Jordan of ''Grazia'' called Carey fashion "royalty" and stated that in the 1990s, her go-to looks were "super-tight silhouettes, cropped tops, thigh-grazing hemlines and dangerously high slits."
Several media outlets have called Carey the "throw shade, Queen of Shade".
When asked about American singer
Jennifer Lopez
Jennifer Lynn Affleck (' Lopez; born July 24, 1969), also known as J.Lo, is an American singer, actress and dancer. In 1991, she began appearing as a Fly Girl dancer on the sketch comedy television series '' In Living Color'', where she re ...
in a German TV interview, Carey's response was, "I don't know her".
The clip became a viral internet meme and has been brought up in many other interviews with both of the singers.
After the release of "
Obsessed", critics heavily compared its lyrics to Eminem who had negatively referenced her several times in songs, and suggested Carey alluded to him and his 'obsession' with her.
"Obsessed" never mentions the rapper's name, although reviewers felt it to be very obvious.
Additionally, Carey played a role that resembled the rapper in the song's accompanying music video.
She is recognized as a gay icon and her song "Hero" is regarded as an gay anthem, anthem among the gay community as it touches upon themes of embracing individuality and overcoming self-doubt. According to Carey herself, a lot of her gay fans admitted to also be growing up listening to her song "Outside" and relating to the feeling of isolation and unfitting. Her diva persona has also given her much admiration from gay fans. Carey was honored by GLAAD in 2016 with the "GLAAD Ally Award" for which she expressed gratitude to her LGBT+ fans. In her speech she thanked the community, "For the unconditional love ... I wish all of you love, peace, [and] harmony".
"All I Want for Christmas Is You", as well as its parent album ''Merry Christmas'', have become such a ubiquitous part of wider popular culture that Carey has been dubbed the "Honorific nicknames in popular music, Queen of Christmas".
The album is credited as being the greatest selling Christmas album of all time. Both the song and album have been hailed as being "one of the few worthy modern additions to the holiday canon" by publications such as ''The New Yorker''. Speaking to Vogue (magazine), ''Vogue'' in 2015 about "All I Want For Christmas Is You", Elvis Duran stated that the song's appeal was based on the fact that it was "a modern song that could actually have been a hit back in the '40s", praising its "timeless, classic quality".
The success of the song, in particular, has led Carey to build what Billboard (magazine), ''Billboard'' described as a "growing holiday mini-empire".
Legacy
![Mariah Carey Neighborhood Ball in downtown Washington 2009 2 cropped](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/04/Mariah_Carey_Neighborhood_Ball_in_downtown_Washington_2009_2_cropped.JPG)
Carey has been credited for her role in breaking down racial barriers in popular culture and facilitating public discourse surrounding multiracialism during the 1990s. Brittany Luse from New York (magazine), Vulture wrote that Carey "rose to fame as public conversations about multiracial identity were expanding in the early '90s', noting that the singer "became something of an avatar for biracial identity, a validating presence for some and a source of both curiosity and discomfort for others". Luse concluded that "Carey's experience of fame could have happened only once; her stardom punched a hole in the sky. Her career matured as current conversations about mixed identity were still forming and while the passing narratives of the past, both brilliant and clumsy, had yet to fade from pop-cultural memory. There was a time when she might have been considered the most famous mixed person of Black and white parentage in America, but now the field's far more crowded (Zendaya, Drake (musician), Drake,
Barack Obama
Barack Hussein Obama II ( ; born August 4, 1961) is an American politician who served as the 44th president of the United States from 2009 to 2017. A member of the Democratic Party (United States), Democratic Party, Obama was the first Af ...
, Meghan, Duchess of Sussex, Meghan Markle)". In her book ''Tragic No More: Mixed-Race Women and the Nexus of Sex and Celebrity'', Caroline A. Streeter, an associate professor at the University of California, Los Angeles, also described Carey as one of the "ideal figures through which to consider the Post–civil rights era in African-American history, post–Civil Rights era’s apparent rehabilitation and transformation of the mulatto/a into a biracial subject of representation".
The impact of Carey's artistry has helped popularize rappers as a featured act in pop music through her post-1995 songs. She has been called the "Honorific nicknames in popular music, Queen of Remixes" by multiple media sources,
with
MTV
MTV (Originally an initialism of Music Television) is an American cable channel that launched on August 1, 1981. Based in New York City, it serves as the flagship property of the MTV Entertainment Group, part of Paramount Media Networks, a di ...
writer, Princess Gabbara, noting that it is "no secret that [Carey] goes to great lengths to deliver a spectacular remix, often re-recording vocals, penning new lyrics, shooting new music videos, and recording different versions to satisfy pop, R&B, hip-hop, and EDM audiences".
Speaking to Billboard (magazine), ''Billboard'' in 2019 for a profile of Carey's career,
David Morales
David Morales (; born August 21, 1962) is an American disc jockey (DJ) and record producer. In addition to his production and DJ work, Morales is also a remixer.
David Morales has remixed and produced over 500 releases for artists including ...
, who first collaborated with Carey on the ''Def Club Mix'' of her 1993 single "Dreamlover (song), Dreamlover", commented on Carey's revolutionary role in the popularization of remixes: "Mariah opened up a whole other door, and not many people at that time were capable of that. When other big artists saw what I did with Mariah, they wanted that. She's how I got into the studio with Toni Braxton,
Aretha Franklin
Aretha Louise Franklin ( ; March 25, 1942 – August 16, 2018) was an American singer, songwriter and pianist. Referred to as the " Queen of Soul", she has twice been placed ninth in '' Rolling Stone''s "100 Greatest Artists of All Time". Wit ...
, Seal (musician), Seal and Donna Summer."
Sasha Frere-Jones, editor of ''The New Yorker'' commented, "It became standard for R&B/hip-hop stars like
Missy Elliott
Melissa Arnette Elliott (born July 1, 1971), better known as Missy Elliott or Missy “Misdemeanor” Elliot, is an American rapper, singer, songwriter, and record producer. She embarked on her music career with R&B girl group Sista in the earl ...
and Beyoncé, to combine melodies with rapped verses. And young white pop stars—including Britney Spears, Jessica Simpson, Christina Aguilera, and NSYNC, 'N Sync—have spent much of the past ten years making pop music that is unmistakably R&B." Moreover, Jones concludes that "[Carey's] idea of pairing a female songbird with the leading male MCs of hip-hop changed R&B and, eventually, all of pop. Although now anyone is free to use this idea, the success of ''The Emancipation of Mimi'' suggests that it still belongs to Carey."
Judnick Mayard, writer of ''The Fader'', wrote that in regarding of R&B and hip hop collaboration, "The champion of this movement is Mariah Carey." Mayard also expressed that "To this day ODB and Mariah may still be the best and most random hip hop collaboration of all time," citing that due to the record "
Fantasy
Fantasy is a genre of speculative fiction involving magical elements, typically set in a fictional universe and sometimes inspired by mythology and folklore. Its roots are in oral traditions, which then became fantasy literature and d ...
", "R&B and Hip-Hop were the best of step siblings."
Kelefa Sanneh of ''The New York Times'' wrote, "In the mid-1990s Ms. Carey pioneered a subgenre that some people call the thug-love duet. Nowadays clean-cut pop stars are expected to collaborate with roughneck rappers, but when Ms. Carey teamed up with Ol' Dirty Bastard, of the Wu-Tang Clan, for the 1995 hit remix of 'Fantasy', it was a surprise, and a smash."
''Vulture (magazine), Vulture'' magazine writer Craig Jenkins pointed out that some of Ariana Grande's songs reminisced on Carey's work in the late 1990s where she managed to bend and combine hip-hop, pop, and R&B sounds.
Carey's vocal style, as well as her singing ability, have significantly impacted popular and contemporary music. She has been considered one of the greatest vocalists of all time. As music critic G. Brown from ''The Denver Post'' wrote, "For better or worse, Mariah Carey's five-octave range and melismatic style have influenced a generation of pop singers."
According to Stevie Wonder, "When people talk about the great influential singers, they talk about Aretha Franklin, Aretha, Whitney Houston, Whitney and Mariah. That's a testament to her talent. Her range is that amazing."
Carey's songs have been recorded or performed by a variety of artists, including those of older generations, such as Aretha Franklin, Patti LaBelle,
Dolly Parton, Red Hot Chili Peppers,
Shania Twain
Eilleen Regina "Shania" Twain ( , ; née Edwards; born August 28, 1965) is a Canadian singer and songwriter. She has sold over 100 million records, making her the best-selling female artist in country music history and one of the best-s ...
and Michael Ball. Carey has inspired singers and songwriters all over the world. In a review of her ''Greatest Hits (Mariah Carey album), Greatest Hits'' album, Devon Powers of ''PopMatters'' writes that "She has influenced countless female vocalists after her. At 32, she is already a Living legend (person), living legend—even if she never sings another note."
Upon honoring her with the "Icon Award" at their eponymous awards ceremony in 2012, Broadcast Music, Inc. (BMI) described Carey's songwriting as having a "unique and indelible influence on generations of music makers".
According to ''Rolling Stone'', "Her mastery of melisma, the fluttering strings of notes that decorate songs like "
Vision of Love
"Vision of Love" is a song recorded by American singer-songwriter Mariah Carey for her eponymous debut studio album (1990). It was written by Carey and Ben Margulies. After being featured on Carey's demo tape for Columbia Records, the song was ...
", inspired the entire ''
American Idol
''American Idol'' is an American singing competition television series created by Simon Fuller, produced by Fremantle North America and 19 Entertainment, and distributed by Fremantle North America. It aired on Fox from June 11, 2002, to ...
'' vocal school, for better or worse, and virtually every other female R&B singer since the Nineties."
In 2008, Jody Rosen of ''Slate (magazine), Slate'' wrote of Carey's influence in modern music, calling her the most influential vocal stylist of the last two decades, the person who made rococo melismatic singing.
Rosen further exemplified Carey's influence by drawing a parallel with ''American Idol'', which to her, "often played out as a clash of melisma-mad Mariah wannabes. And, today, nearly 20 years after Carey's debut, major labels continue to bet the farm on young stars such as the winner of Britain's ''The X Factor (British TV series), X Factor'' show, Leona Lewis, with her Generation Next gloss on Mariah's big voice and big hair."
''New York Magazine''s editor Roger Deckker further commented that "Whitney Houston may have introduced melisma (the vocally acrobatic style of lending a word an extra syllable or twenty) to the charts, but it was Mariah—with her jaw-dropping range—who made it into America's default sound." Deckker also added that "Every time you turn on ''American Idol'', you are watching her children." As Professor Katherine L. Meizel said in her book, ''The Mediation of Identity Politics in American Idol'', "Carey's influence (is) in the emulation of melisma or her singing amongst the wannabe's, it's also her persona, her diva, her stardom which inspires them... a pre-fame conic look."
With her ability to do runs, scats, and incredible control using
whistle register
The whistle register (also called the flute register or flageolet register) is the highest register of the human voice, lying above the modal register and falsetto register. This register has a specific physiological production that is different f ...
, Mariah Carey is credited for popularizing this technique in mainstream music.
Achievements
![Mariah Carey GMA 2005](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/48/Mariah_Carey_GMA_2005.jpg)
Throughout her career, Carey has earned numerous awards and honors. She has won five
Grammy Award
The Grammy Awards (stylized as GRAMMY), or simply known as the Grammys, are awards presented by the Recording Academy of the United States to recognize "outstanding" achievements in the music industry. They are regarded by many as the most pr ...
s, nineteen
World Music Awards
The World Music Awards is an international award show founded in 1989 under the patronage of Albert II, Prince of Monaco and co-founder/executive producer John Martinotti. The event is based in Monte Carlo. Awards are presented to the world' ...
, ten American Music Awards,
and fifteen Billboard Music Awards.
She is also an inductee of the
Songwriters Hall of Fame
The Songwriters Hall of Fame (SHOF) is an American institution founded in 1969 by songwriter Johnny Mercer, music publisher/songwriter Abe Olman, and publisher/executive Howie Richmond to honor those whose work, represent, and maintain, the her ...
.
As of March 2022, the
Recording Industry Association of America
The Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) is a trade organization that represents the music recording industry in the United States. Its members consist of record labels and distributors that the RIAA says "create, manufacture, and/ ...
(RIAA) lists Carey as the best-selling female albums artist, with shipments of 72 million units in the US.
The singer has amassed two diamond certified albums, ''Music Box'' and ''Daydream''.
''Music Box'' has sold 23 million copies worldwide as of 2002 and remains one of the best-selling albums of all time. In August 2015, Carey was honored with a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame.
Carey has set and broken numerous List of Billboard Hot 100 chart achievements and milestones, Hot 100 records.
She has topped the
''Billboard'' Hot 100 for 87 weeks, the most for any artist in US chart history. On that same chart, she has accumulated 19 number-one singles,
the most for any solo artist (second behind the Beatles) and she is also the only artist to have a number-one song in each year of a decade (1990s decade).
In 2020, Carey became the first artist to top the Billboard Hot 100 over four decades (1990s, 2000s, 2010s and 2020s). Carey has also had three songs debut atop the Hot 100 chart with "
Fantasy
Fantasy is a genre of speculative fiction involving magical elements, typically set in a fictional universe and sometimes inspired by mythology and folklore. Its roots are in oral traditions, which then became fantasy literature and d ...
", "
One Sweet Day
"One Sweet Day" is a song recorded by American singer-songwriter Mariah Carey and vocal group Boyz II Men. The song was released on as the second single from Carey's fifth studio album, ''Daydream'' (1995) by Columbia Records. The artists co ...
" and "
Honey
Honey is a sweet and viscous substance made by several bees, the best-known of which are honey bees. Honey is made and stored to nourish bee colonies. Bees produce honey by gathering and then refining the sugary secretions of plants (primar ...
".
Carey was also the first female artist to debut at number one in the U.S. with "Fantasy".
Her single "
One Sweet Day
"One Sweet Day" is a song recorded by American singer-songwriter Mariah Carey and vocal group Boyz II Men. The song was released on as the second single from Carey's fifth studio album, ''Daydream'' (1995) by Columbia Records. The artists co ...
", with
Boyz II Men
Boyz II Men (pronounced ''boys to men''), also known as B2M, is an American vocal harmony group from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, best known for emotional ballads and a cappella harmonies. They are currently a trio composed of baritone Nathan ...
, spent sixteen consecutive weeks at the top of ''Billboard''s Hot 100 chart in 1996, setting the record for the List of Billboard Hot 100 chart achievements and milestones, most weeks atop the Hot 100 chart until surpassed in 2019 by "Old Town Road".
In 2008, ''Billboard'' listed "We Belong Together" ninth on The ''Billboard'' Hot 100 All-Time Top Songs
and second on Top Billboard Hot 100 R&B/Hip-Hop Songs.
The song was also declared the most popular song of the 2000s decade by ''Billboard''.
On November 19, 2010, ''Billboard'' magazine ranked Carey at number four on their "Top 50 R&B/Hip-Hop Artists of the Past 25 Years" chart.
In 2012, Carey was ranked second on
VH1's list of the "100 Greatest Women in Music".
''Billboard'' magazine ranked her at number five on the ''Billboard'' Hot 100 All-Time Top Artists, making Carey the second most successful female artist in the history of the chart.
The same publication ranked Carey at number four on their "Top 125 Artists of All Time" chart making her the top female act. In 2021, "
Fantasy
Fantasy is a genre of speculative fiction involving magical elements, typically set in a fictional universe and sometimes inspired by mythology and folklore. Its roots are in oral traditions, which then became fantasy literature and d ...
" was included on the new edition of ''
Rolling Stone
''Rolling Stone'' is an American monthly magazine that focuses on music, politics, and popular culture. It was founded in San Francisco, California, in 1967 by Jann Wenner, and the music critic Ralph J. Gleason. It was first known for its ...
'' magazine's list of "Rolling Stone's 500 Greatest Songs of All Time, The 500 Greatest Songs of All Time" at number 419.
Carey's holiday album ''Merry Christmas'' has sold over 15 million copies worldwide, and is the best-selling Christmas/holiday albums in the United States, best-selling Christmas album of all time.
It also produced the successful single "All I Want for Christmas Is You", which became the first holiday song to be certified Diamond Certified, Diamond by the
Recording Industry Association of America
The Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) is a trade organization that represents the music recording industry in the United States. Its members consist of record labels and distributors that the RIAA says "create, manufacture, and/ ...
, and the only holiday ringtone to reach multi-platinum status in the US.
As of 2020, it has topped the ''Billboard'' Holiday 100 chart for a record-extending 44 cumulative weeks, of the chart's 49 total weeks since the list launched in 2011; it has topped the tally for 29 consecutive weeks, dating to the start of the 2015–2016 holiday season. It is the longest running number one song on the Holiday 100 since the chart's launch in 2011.
In 2018, Carey became the first artist to replace herself at the number one spot on Billboard (magazine), ''Billboard'''s Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums, Top R&B Albums chart with ''Caution (Mariah Carey album), Caution'' being replaced by ''Merry Christmas''. On November 24, 2019, the song won three ''
Guinness World Records
''Guinness World Records'', known from its inception in 1955 until 1999 as ''The Guinness Book of Records'' and in previous United States editions as ''The Guinness Book of World Records'', is a reference book published annually, listing world ...
''.
Additionally, it holds the record for the most Spotify streams in a single day (over 17 million plays on December 24, 2020). In 2021, the song earned one billion streams on Spotify, making it both Carey's first song and the first holiday song overall to do so.
Carey experienced an enduring success in various Asian countries. She is the best-selling non-Asian artist in List of top music artists in Japan, Japan; ''Music Box'', ''Daydream'', ''Butterfly'' and ''Merry Christmas'' all sold over 2 million copies in the country, with the latter one, being the fourth best-selling international album.
Alone Number 1's (Mariah Carey album), ''#1's'' was certified with a Recording Industry Association of Japan#RIAJ Certification, triple-Million award and holds the record as the List of best-selling albums in Japan, best-selling international album. Her song "All I Want for Christmas Is You" is the third best-selling song by a non-Asian artist. In 2018, Sony Music Asia Pacific presented Carey with a certificate of achievement for 1.6 billion sales units in Asia-Pacific.
Other activities
Endorsements
Declining offers to appear in commercials in the United States during her early career, Carey was not involved in brand marketing initiatives until 2006, when she participated in endorsements for Intel Centrino personal computers and launched a jewelry and accessories line for teenagers, Glamorized, in American Claire's and Icing stores.
During this period, as part of a partnership with Pepsi and Motorola, Carey recorded and promoted a series of exclusive ringtones, including "Time of Your Life".
She signed a licensing deal with the cosmetics company Elizabeth Arden, and in 2007, she released her own fragrance, "M".
The Elizabeth Arden deal has netted her $150 million.
For the fragrance, Carey won a Basenotes#The Basenotes Fragrance Awards, Basenotes Fragrance Award for Best Celebrity Women's Fragrance as well as being nominated in three other categories.
[The 8th Annual Basenotes Awards – Basenotes
:''Retrieved January 18, 2014'':
* For Celebrity Women's Fragrance:
* For New Women's Fragrance:
* For Designer, Mainstream or Fine Fragrance:
* For Women's Fragrance for Day Wear: ] She has released a series of fragrances with Elizabeth Arden, including Luscious Pink (2008) and Forever (2009). On November 29, 2010, she debuted a collection on Home Shopping Network, HSN, which included jewelry, shoes and fragrances.
In November 2011, Carey was announced as "brand ambassador" for Jenny Craig, Inc, Jenny Craig which included "participation in a new company initiative... public service announcements and community and education programs." In 2018, Carey featured in an advertisement for Hostelworld with the tagline "Even Divas are Believers".
On August 25, 2019, Carey signed a $12 million contract with the Walkers crisps brand as part of their Christmas campaign
and starred in a commercial for the company. In conjunction with the 25th anniversary release of ''Merry Christmas'' in 2019, she organized a gift guide with Amazon (company), Amazon, and partnered for an exclusive Christmas ornament with Swarovski. In December 2020, Carey launched a partnership with Virtual Dining Concepts and restaurateur, Robert Earl, for a biscuit line titled ''Mariah's Cookies''. In 2021, Carey announced the launch of a new line of alcohol called ''Black Irish'', an homage to her Black, Venezuelan, and Irish heritage. That same year, Carey also partnered with McDonald's, promoting an entirely new limited time menu.
In 2022, Carey recorded nine video lessons for MasterClass titled "Mariah Carey Teaches the Voice as an Instrument", as well as re-recording "The Roof (Back in Time)" alongside Brandy Norwood, Brandy.
Philanthropy and activism
Carey is a philanthropist who has been involved with several charitable organizations.
She became associated with the Fresh Air Fund in the early 1990s, and is the co-founder of a camp located in Fishkill, New York, Fishkill, New York, that enables inner-city youth to embrace the arts and introduces them to career opportunities.
The camp was called The Fresh Air Fund, Camp Mariah "for her generous support and dedication to Fresh Air children," and she received a Congressional Horizon Award for her youth-related charity work.
Carey has continued her direct involvement with Camp Mariah, and by 2019 the executive director of The Fresh Air Fund reported that "...the kids who have gone to Camp Mariah have higher graduation rates out of high school and college. In 1999, Carey was presented with a Congressional Award for contributing "to expanding opportunities for all Americans through their own personal contributions, and [setting] exceptional examples for young people through their own successes in life. In 2019, she was honoured by ''
Variety
Variety may refer to:
Arts and entertainment Entertainment formats
* Variety (radio)
* Variety show, in theater and television
Films
* ''Variety'' (1925 film), a German silent film directed by Ewald Andre Dupont
* ''Variety'' (1935 film), ...
s Power of Women for her work with The Fresh Air Fund's Camp Mariah.
Carey also donated royalties from her hits "
Hero
A hero (feminine: heroine) is a real person or a main fictional character who, in the face of danger, combats adversity through feats of ingenuity, courage, or strength. Like other formerly gender-specific terms (like ''actor''), ''her ...
" and "
One Sweet Day
"One Sweet Day" is a song recorded by American singer-songwriter Mariah Carey and vocal group Boyz II Men. The song was released on as the second single from Carey's fifth studio album, ''Daydream'' (1995) by Columbia Records. The artists co ...
" to charities.
She has worked with the Make-A-Wish Foundation, and in November 2006 she was awarded the Foundation's Wish Idol for her "extraordinary generosity and her many wish granting achievements."
Carey has volunteered for the Police Athletic League of New York City and contributed to the obstetrics department of NewYork–Presbyterian Hospital, New York Presbyterian Hospital Cornell Medical Center.
A percentage of the sales of ''MTV Unplugged'' was donated to various other charities.
In 2008, Carey was named Hunger Ambassador of the World Food Programme, World Hunger Relief Movement.
In February 2010, the song, "100% (Mariah Carey song), 100%", which was originally written and recorded for the film, ''Precious'',
was used as one of the theme songs for the 2010 Winter Olympics, with all money proceeds going to United States Olympic Committee, Team USA.
Carey is also a supporter and advocate for the LGBT community, and was honored with the "Ally Award" at the 27th GLAAD Media Awards in May 2016. The award is presented to media figures who have "consistently used their platform to support and advance LGBT equality and acceptance".
One of Carey's most high-profile benefit concert appearances was on VH1's 1998 ''VH1 Divas, Divas Live'' special, during which she performed alongside other female singers in support of the Save the Music Foundation.
The concert was a ratings success, and Carey participated in the ''VH1 Divas#Divas 2000, Divas 2000'' special and a VH1 Divas#VH1 Divas Holiday: Unsilent Night, 2016 holiday edition.
In 2007, the Save the Music Foundation honored Carey at their tenth gala event for her support towards the foundation since its inception.
She appeared at the ''America: A Tribute to Heroes'' nationally televised fundraiser in the aftermath of the September 11 attacks, and in December 2001, she performed before peacekeeping troops in Kosovo.
Carey hosted the CBS television special ''At Home for the Holidays'', which documented real-life stories of adopted children and foster families.
In 2005, Carey performed for Live 8 concert, London, Live 8 in London
and at the Hurricane Katrina relief telethon "Shelter from the Storm."
In August 2008, Carey and other singers recorded the charity single, "Just Stand Up!, Just Stand Up" produced by Babyface (musician), Babyface and L.A. Reid, L. A. Reid, to support Stand Up to Cancer.
On March 29, 2020, Carey was one of the headliners for the iHeart Living Room Concert for America hosted by
Elton John
Sir Elton Hercules John (born Reginald Kenneth Dwight; 25 March 1947) is a British singer, pianist and composer. Commonly nicknamed the "Rocket Man" after his 1972 hit single of the same name, John has led a commercially successful career a ...
, where she performed her song "
Always Be My Baby
"Always Be My Baby" is a song recorded by American singer-songwriter, and record producer Mariah Carey for her fifth studio album, ''Daydream'' (1995). It was released by Columbia Records on March 9, 1996, as the third single in the United Sta ...
". The event raised over $8 million in the fight against COVID-19. Carey also was one of the headliners for the ''Rise Up New York!'' virtual hour-long telethon, hosted by actress Tina Fey. The event aired on May 12, 2020, and was intended to raise money for those affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. She performed her songs "Through the Rain" and "Make It Happen (Mariah Carey song), Make It Happen". The event raised over $115 million. In response to the murder of George Floyd, Carey took to social media and sang a snippet of her 1990 song "There's Got to Be a Way" while encouraging fans to demand justice for Floyd saying, "I wrote this song for my first album. Still looking for answers today. We have to make a change. We can't be silent."
Controversies
In 2008, Carey performed in a New Year's Eve concert for the family of Libyan dictator Muammar Gaddafi. She later said she felt "horrible and embarrassed" to have taken part in the concert.
To make amends, in March 2011, Carey's representative Cindi Berger stated that royalties for the song "Save The Day (Mariah Carey song), Save the Day", written for her fourteenth studio album, would be donated to charities that create awareness for human rights. Berger also said that Carey "has and continues to donate her time, money and countless hours of personal service to many organizations both here and abroad."
"Save the Day" remained unreleased until 2020.
In 2013, human rights activists criticized Carey for performing in a concert for Angola's "father-daughter kleptocracy" and accused her of accepting "dictator cash".
In January 2019, Carey performed in Saudi Arabia, which drew backlash. Owen Jones of ''
The Guardian
''The Guardian'' is a British daily newspaper. It was founded in 1821 as ''The Manchester Guardian'', and changed its name in 1959. Along with its sister papers '' The Observer'' and '' The Guardian Weekly'', ''The Guardian'' is part of the ...
'' observed that Carey has a large gay fanbase and that LGBT rights in Saudi Arabia, homosexuality in Saudi Arabia is punishable by death. She had been pressured to cancel the performance because of the Assassination of Jamal Khashoggi, murder of journalist Jamal Khashoggi and because of Saudi Arabia's Women's rights in Saudi Arabia, imprisonment of feminists. In a statement to the Associated Press, Carey's publicist said: "Presented with the offer to perform for an international and mixed gender audience in Saudi Arabia, Mariah accepted the opportunity as a positive step towards the dissolution of gender segregation... As the first female international artist to perform in Saudi Arabia, Mariah recognizes the cultural significance of this event and will continue to support global efforts towards equality for all."
In March 2021 Carey attempted to trademark the phrase "Queen of Christmas" so that it could be used by her company Lotion LLC. Darlene Love protested, saying David Letterman gave her the title about thirty years earlier. Elizabeth Chan filed an official objection, saying she was "music's only full-time Christmas singer-songwriter" and that people had also called her "Queen of Christmas". For her daughter, Chan had also used the brand "Princess of Christmas", which Carey's company also wanted. In November 2022 the Trial Trademark and Appeal Board rejected Carey's request.
Personal life
Carey began dating
Tommy Mottola
Thomas Daniel Mottola (born July 14, 1948) is an American music executive, producer and author. Mottola is currently the Chairman of Mottola Media Group and was previously the Chairman and CEO of Sony Music Entertainment, parent of the Columb ...
while recording ''Mariah Carey'', and they were married in New York City on June 5, 1993, during a half-million dollar ceremony at Saint Thomas Church (Manhattan), Saint Thomas Church.
The newlyweds moved into a custom-built mansion referred to by Carey as "Sing Sing" located on a 51-acre estate in Bedford (town), New York, Bedford, New York, alluding to her feeling imprisoned there. After the release of ''Daydream'' and the success that followed, Carey began focusing on her personal life, which was a constant struggle at the time.
Their relationship began to deteriorate due to their growing creative differences in terms of her music as well as Mottola's controlling nature.
They announced their separation on May 30, 1997,
and their divorce was finalized by the time Mottola remarried on December 2, 2000.
In 1998, their home together was sold for $20.5 million to Nelson Peltz and burned down in 1999.
![Mariah Carey with her children](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a0/Mariah_Carey_with_her_children.jpg)
Carey was in a relationship with singer
Luis Miguel
Luis Miguel Gallego Basteri (born 19 April 1970) is a Puerto Rican-born Mexican singer, often referred to as ''El Sol de México'' (The Sun of Mexico), which is the nickname his mother gave him as a child—"mi sol". Luis Miguel has sung in mu ...
from 1998 to 2001.
She met actor and comedian Nick Cannon while they shot the music video for her song "Bye Bye (Mariah Carey song), Bye Bye" on an island off the coast of Antigua.
They were married on April 30, 2008, in the Bahamas.
In the same year, Carey suffered a miscarriage. At 35 weeks into her next pregnancy, she gave birth to their fraternal twins, Moroccan and Monroe, on April 30, 2011,
via Cesarean section.
In August 2014, Cannon confirmed he and Carey had separated.
He filed for divorce on December 12, 2014,
which was finalized in 2016.
In 2015, Carey began dating Australian billionaire James Packer and, on January 21, 2016, she announced they were engaged.
By October, however, they had called off the engagement.
In October 2016, she began dating American choreographer Bryan Tanaka.
Carey is an active Episcopal Church (United States), Episcopalian.
She stated in 2006: "I do believe that I have been born again (Christianity), born again in a lot of ways. I think what I've changed are my priorities and my relationships with God in Christianity, God. I feel the difference when I don't have my private moments to pray... I'm a fighter, but I learned that I'm not in charge. Whatever God wants to happen is what's going to happen. I feel like I've had endless second, third, fourth, fifth and sixth chances. It's by the grace of God I'm still here."
In April 2018, Carey opened up about taking therapy sessions and medication for her struggle with bipolar II disorder. She was diagnosed in 2001 and initially kept the diagnosis private.
Discography
* ''
Mariah Carey
Mariah Carey (; born March 27, 1969) is an American singer, songwriter, actress, and record producer. Referred to as the " Songbird Supreme", she is noted for her five-octave vocal range, melismatic singing style and signature use of the w ...
'' (1990)
* ''
Emotions
Emotions are mental states brought on by neurophysiological changes, variously associated with thoughts, feelings, behavioral responses, and a degree of pleasure or displeasure. There is currently no scientific consensus on a definition. ...
'' (1991)
* ''
Music Box
A music box (American English) or musical box (British English) is an automatic musical instrument in a box that produces musical notes by using a set of pins placed on a revolving cylinder or disc to pluck the tuned teeth (or ''lamellae'' ...
'' (1993)
* ''
Merry Christmas
The Christmas season or the festive season (also known in some countries as the holiday season or the holidays) is an annually recurring period recognized in many Western and other countries that is generally considered to run from late Novemb ...
'' (1994)
* ''
Daydream
Daydreaming is the stream of consciousness that detaches from current, external tasks when attention drifts to a more personal and internal direction. This phenomenon is common in people's daily life shown by a large-scale study in which partici ...
'' (1995)
* ''
Butterfly
Butterflies are insects in the macrolepidopteran clade Rhopalocera from the order Lepidoptera, which also includes moths. Adult butterflies have large, often brightly coloured wings, and conspicuous, fluttering flight. The group compris ...
'' (1997)
* ''
Rainbow
A rainbow is a meteorological phenomenon that is caused by reflection, refraction and dispersion of light in water droplets resulting in a spectrum of light appearing in the sky. It takes the form of a multicoloured circular arc. Rainbows c ...
'' (1999)
* ''Glitter (soundtrack), Glitter'' (2001)
* ''
Charmbracelet
''Charmbracelet'' is the ninth studio album by American singer Mariah Carey, released on December 3, 2002, through MonarC Entertainment and Island Records. The album was Carey's first release since her breakdown following the release of her fi ...
'' (2002)
* ''
The Emancipation of Mimi
''The Emancipation of Mimi'' is the tenth studio album by American singer Mariah Carey, released through Island Records on April 12, 2005. The album was considered Carey's "comeback album" by critics and became her highest-selling release in t ...
'' (2005)
* ''
E=MC²'' (2008)
* ''
Memoirs of an Imperfect Angel'' (2009)
* ''
Merry Christmas II You
''Merry Christmas II You'' is the thirteenth studio album and second Christmas album by American singer-songwriter Mariah Carey. It was released by Island Records on November 2, 2010. Recording began in April 2010 and continued while Carey becam ...
'' (2010)
* ''
Me. I Am Mariah... The Elusive Chanteuse'' (2014)
* ''Caution (Mariah Carey album), Caution'' (2018)
Filmography
* ''The Bachelor (1999 film), The Bachelor'' (1999)
* ''
Glitter
Glitter is an assortment of small, reflective particles that come in a variety of shapes, sizes, and colors. Glitter particles reflect light at different angles, causing the surface to sparkle or shimmer. Glitter is similar to confetti, sparkle ...
'' (2001)
* ''
WiseGirls
''WiseGirls'' is a 2002 crime drama film directed by David Anspaugh and starring Mira Sorvino, Mariah Carey and Melora Walters. The film was produced by Lions Gate Films, Leading Pictures and Intermedia Films. The story centers around Meg Kenne ...
'' (2002)
* ''Death of a Dynasty'' (2003)
* ''State Property 2'' (2005)
* ''
Tennessee
Tennessee ( , ), officially the State of Tennessee, is a landlocked U.S. state, state in the Southeastern United States, Southeastern region of the United States. Tennessee is the List of U.S. states and territories by area, 36th-largest by ...
'' (2008)
* ''
You Don't Mess with the Zohan
''You Don't Mess with the Zohan'' is a 2008 American satirical action comedy film directed by Dennis Dugan, written by Adam Sandler, Robert Smigel, and Judd Apatow, and produced by Sandler, Smigel, and Jack Giarraputo. The film stars Sandler in ...
'' (2008)
* ''
Precious'' (2009)
* ''
The Butler
''The Butler'' (full title ''Lee Daniels' The Butler'') is a 2013 American historical drama film directed and co-produced by Lee Daniels and with a screenplay by Danny Strong. It is inspired by Wil Haygood's '' Washington Post'' article "A B ...
'' (2013)
* ''
A Christmas Melody
''A Christmas Melody'', also known under its working title of ''Mistletoe & Melody'', is a 2015 American Christmas television film directed by Mariah Carey, who co-stars with Lacey Chabert. It was filmed in Ohio during October 2015, and premiered ...
'' (2015)
* ''Popstar: Never Stop Never Stopping'' (2016)
* ''The Keys of Christmas'' (2016)
* ''
The Lego Batman Movie
''The Lego Batman Movie'' is a 2017 computer-animated superhero comedy film produced by Warner Animation Group, DC Entertainment, RatPac Entertainment, Lego System A/S, Dan Lin's Lin Pictures, Phil Lord and Christopher Miller's Lord Miller Pro ...
'' (2017)
* ''Girls Trip'' (2017)
* ''The Star (2017 film), The Star'' (2017)
* ''All I Want for Christmas Is You (film), All I Want for Christmas Is You'' (2017)
* ''Mariah Carey's Magical Christmas Special'' (2020)
* ''Mariah's Christmas: The Magic Continues'' (2021)
Tours and residencies
Headlining tours
*
Music Box Tour (1993)
*
Daydream World Tour (1996)
*
Butterfly World Tour
The Butterfly World Tour was the third concert tour by American singer-songwriter Mariah Carey. The tour promoted Carey's album ''Butterfly'' (1997), and included songs from several of her previous albums. The tour visited Asia, Australia and th ...
(1998)
* Rainbow World Tour (2000)
*
Charmbracelet World Tour
The Charmbracelet World Tour was the fifth worldwide concert tour in 2003–2004 by American singer-songwriter Mariah Carey in support of her ninth studio album ''Charmbracelet'' (2002). The tour started on June 20, 2003 in Seoul, South Korea, an ...
(2003–2004)
*
The Adventures of Mimi
The Adventures of Mimi was a 2006 concert tour of arenas by American singer-songwriter Mariah Carey. It was one of a few tours in her then-sixteen-year career and was named after a fan's "Carey-centric" diary of the same name. The bus tour starte ...
(2006)
*
Angels Advocate Tour (2009–2010)
* Australian Tour 2013 (Mariah Carey), Australian Tour 2013 (2013)
* The Elusive Chanteuse Show (2014)
*
The Sweet Sweet Fantasy Tour (2016)
* Mariah Carey: Live in Concert (2018)
* Caution World Tour (2019)
Co-headlining tours
* All the Hits Tour (Lionel Richie and Mariah Carey), All the Hits Tour (with
Lionel Richie
Lionel Brockman Richie Jr. (born June 20, 1949) is an American singer, songwriter, record producer, and television personality. He rose to fame in the 1970s as a songwriter and the co-lead singer of funk band the Commodores; writing and recor ...
) (2017)
Residencies
* Live at the Pearl (2009)
* All I Want for Christmas Is You: A Night of Joy and Festivity (2014–2019)
*
#1 to Infinity (2015–2017)
* The Butterfly Returns (2018–2020)
Written works
*
*
*
See also
* List of best-selling singles
* List of best-selling albums
* List of best-selling music artists
* List of best-selling music artists in the United States
* List of Billboard Hot 100 chart achievements and milestones, List of ''Billboard'' Hot 100 chart achievements and milestones
* List of artists who reached number one in the United States, List of artists who reached number one on the ''Billboard'' Hot 100
* List of artists who reached number one on the U.S. dance chart, List of artists who reached number one on the US dance chart
* Artists with the most number-ones on the U.S. dance chart, Artists with the most number-ones on the US dance chart
* Forbes list of highest-earning musicians, ''Forbes'' list of highest-earning musicians
Notes
References
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[{{cite news, url=https://www.nytimes.com/1991/04/14/arts/pop-music-the-marketing-muscle-behind-mariah-carey.html, title=Pop Music; The Marketing Muscle Behind Mariah Carey, last=Goodman, first=Fred, date=April 14, 1991, access-date=August 14, 2011]
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[{{cite web, url=https://www.riaa.com/goldandplatinumdata.php?resultpage=2&table=SEARCH_RESULTS&action=&title=&artist=mariah%20carey&format=ALBUM&debutLP=&category=&sex=&releaseDate=&requestNo=&type=&level=&label=&company=&certificationDate=&awardDescription=&catalogNo=&aSex=&rec_id=&charField=&gold=&platinum=&multiPlat=&level2=&certDate=&album=&id=&after=&before=&startMonth=1&endMonth=1&startYear=1958&endYear=2009&sort=Artist&perPage=25, title=RIAA Gold & Platinum > Mariah Carey, publisher=]Recording Industry Association of America
The Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) is a trade organization that represents the music recording industry in the United States. Its members consist of record labels and distributors that the RIAA says "create, manufacture, and/ ...
, access-date=January 14, 2011, url-status=dead, archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130826033505/https://www.riaa.com/goldandplatinumdata.php?resultpage=2&table=SEARCH_RESULTS&action=&title=&artist=mariah%20carey&format=ALBUM&debutLP=&category=&sex=&releaseDate=&requestNo=&type=&level=&label=&company=&certificationDate=&awardDescription=&catalogNo=&aSex=&rec_id=&charField=&gold=&platinum=&multiPlat=&level2=&certDate=&album=&id=&after=&before=&startMonth=1&endMonth=1&startYear=1958&endYear=2009&sort=Artist&perPage=25, archive-date=August 26, 2013
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[{{harvnb, Shapiro, 2001, pp=86–87]
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''Rolling Stone'' is an American monthly magazine that focuses on music, politics, and popular culture. It was founded in San Francisco, California, in 1967 by Jann Wenner, and the music critic Ralph J. Gleason. It was first known for its ...
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A billboard (also called a hoarding in the UK and many other parts of the world) is a large outdoor advertising structure (a billing board), typically found in high-traffic areas such as alongside busy roads. Billboards present large adverti ...
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[{{cite news, url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/music/2005/apr/01/popandrock.shopping2, title=Mariah Carey, The Emancipation of Mimi, last=Sullivan, first=Caroline, work=]The Guardian
''The Guardian'' is a British daily newspaper. It was founded in 1821 as ''The Manchester Guardian'', and changed its name in 1959. Along with its sister papers '' The Observer'' and '' The Guardian Weekly'', ''The Guardian'' is part of the ...
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[{{cite magazine, url= https://ew.com/article/2005/12/29/sorry_fiddy_mar/, title=Mariah Carey Has the Year's Top-selling CD, magazine=Entertainment Weekly, last=Ryan, first=Amy, date=December 29, 2005, access-date=August 19, 2011]
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[{{cite web, url=https://www.today.com/popculture/mariah-carey-takes-madonna-new-tour-wbna14190642, title=Mariah Carey Takes on Madonna with New Tour, last=Popkin, first=Helen, website=Today, date=June 6, 2006, access-date=August 19, 2011]
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[{{cite news, url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/music/2008/apr/11/popandrock.alexispetridis, title=Mariah Carey: E=MC², last=Macpherson, first=Alex, work=The Guardian, date=April 16, 2008, access-date=August 5, 2011]
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[{{cite news, last1=Farber, first1=Stephen, title=Mariah Carey surprisingly effective in "Tennessee", url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-film-tennessee-idUSN0154359820080501, access-date=December 2, 2014, work=Reuters, date=May 1, 2008]
[{{cite magazine, url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/news/952446/mariah-carey-confirms-im-pregnant, title=Mariah Carey Confirms: I'm Pregnant, last=Herrera, first=Monica, magazine=]Billboard
A billboard (also called a hoarding in the UK and many other parts of the world) is a large outdoor advertising structure (a billing board), typically found in high-traffic areas such as alongside busy roads. Billboards present large adverti ...
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[{{cite news, title=Music for Many Firsts at Inauguration Events, last=Pareles, first=Jon, url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/01/22/arts/music/22conc.html , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090122195341/http://www.nytimes.com/2009/01/22/arts/music/22conc.html , archive-date=January 22, 2009 , url-access=limited , url-status=live, work=The New York Times, date=January 22, 2009, access-date=August 19, 2011]
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Variety may refer to:
Arts and entertainment Entertainment formats
* Variety (radio)
* Variety show, in theater and television
Films
* ''Variety'' (1925 film), a German silent film directed by Ewald Andre Dupont
* ''Variety'' (1935 film), ...
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[{{cite magazine, last=Hampp, first=Andrew, title=Mariah Carey Announces 14th Album, 'Me. I Am Mariah...The Elusive Chanteuse', url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/the-juice/6070396/mariah-carey-announces-14th-album-me-i-am-mariahthe-elusive, magazine=Billboard, date=May 1, 2014, access-date=September 10, 2014]
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[Mariah Carey Revisited: The Unauthorized Biography by Chris Nickson]
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* {{cite book, first=Marc, last=Shapiro, title=Mariah Carey, url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-52eG8YN4tAC&pg=PA18, year=2001, publisher=ECW Press, isbn=978-1-55022-444-3
* {{cite book, last=Sleeman, first=Chris, title=The Science of Vocal Pedagogy: Theory and Application, year=1986, publisher=Indiana University Press, location=Bloomington, isbn=978-0-253-35110-4
* {{Cite news, editor-last=Swaine, editor-first=Elizabeth, title='Mariah Carey' in ''The International Who's Who 2004'', location=London, publisher=Europa Publications, year=2003, url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/africaandindianocean/angola/10531202/Mariah-Carey-criticised-for-Angola-president-performance.html , archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/africaandindianocean/angola/10531202/Mariah-Carey-criticised-for-Angola-president-performance.html , archive-date=January 10, 2022 , url-access=subscription , url-status=live{{cbignore
* {{cite book, last=Thompson, first=Ben, title=The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Music, year=2003, location=UK, publisher=Flame Tree Publishing, isbn=978-1-904041-70-2, url-access=registration, url=https://archive.org/details/illustratedencyc0000unse_j5o2
{{refend
Further reading
* ''Fred Bronson's Billboard Book of Number 1 Hits, 5th Edition'' ({{ISBN, 0-8230-7677-6)
* ''Joel Whitburn Presents the Billboard Hot 100 Charts: The Sixties'' ({{ISBN, 0-89820-074-1)
* ''Joel Whitburn Presents the Billboard Hot 100 Charts: The Nineties'' ({{ISBN, 0-89820-137-3)
* Additional information concerning Carey's chart history can be retrieved and verified in ''Billboard's'
online archive servicesand print editions of the magazine.
External links
{{Sister project links, wikt=no , commons=Mariah Carey , b=no , n=no , q=Mariah Carey , s=no , voy=no , v=no , species=no , d=Q41076 , display=Mariah Carey
* {{Official website
* {{AllMusic
* {{IMDb name
* {{WorldCat id, lccn-n91-112415
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{{s-ttl, title=Billboard Artist of the Decade Award, Billboard Artist of the Decade, years=1990s
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{{Mariah Carey, state=expanded
{{Mariah Carey songs
{{Navboxes
, title = List of awards and nominations received by Mariah Carey, Awards for Mariah Carey
, list =
{{American Music Award for Favorite Pop/Rock Female Artist
{{American Music Award for Favorite Soul/R&B Female Artist
{{Billboard Year-End Top Artists
{{Grammy Award for Best New Artist
{{Grammy Award for Best Urban Contemporany Album
{{MTV Europe Music Award for Best Female
{{NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Duo or Group
{{Japan Gold Disc Award for Artist of the Year
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Carey, Mariah
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