''Mycobacterium malmoense'' is a Gram-positive bacterium from the genus ''

Mycobacterium ''Mycobacterium'' is a genus of over 190 species in the phylum Actinomycetota, assigned its own family, Mycobacteriaceae. This genus includes pathogens known to cause serious diseases in mammals, including tuberculosis ('' M. tuberculosis'') and ...

''.

Etymology

From the city of Malmö,

Sweden Sweden, formally the Kingdom of Sweden,The United Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names states that the country's formal name is the Kingdom of SwedenUNGEGN World Geographical Names, Sweden./ref> is a Nordic country located on ...

where the strain used for the description was isolated from patients.

Description

Gram-positive, nonmotile, acid-fast and

coccoid Coccoid means shaped like or resembling a coccus, that is, spherical.The noun coccoid or coccoids may refer to: * a level of organization, characterized by unicellular, non-flagellated, non-amoeboid organisms, with a definite shape, in general b ...

to short rods. *Environmental reservoir: soil and water. Colony characteristics *Smooth and nonpigmented colonies, growth below the surface of semisolid agar medium after deep inoculation (as seen with M. bovis), 0.9 - 1.7mm in diameter. Physiology *Growth on inspissated egg medium and oleic acid-albumin agar at a temperature range of 22 °C-37 °C requires over 1 week. *Susceptible to ethambutol, ethionamide, kanamycin and cycloserine. Differential characteristics *

Antigenic In immunology, an antigen (Ag) is a molecule or molecular structure or any foreign particulate matter or a pollen grain that can bind to a specific antibody or T-cell receptor. The presence of antigens in the body may trigger an immune response. ...

structure: seroagglutination demonstrates a single

serovar A serotype or serovar is a distinct variation within a species of bacteria or virus or among immune cells of different individuals. These microorganisms, viruses, or cells are classified together based on their surface antigens, allowing the epi ...

distinct from that of other species.

Pathogenesis

*Usually infects young children with cervical lymphadenitis or adults with chronic pulmonary disease, (mostly with previously documented

pneumoconiosis Pneumoconiosis is the general term for a class of interstitial lung disease where inhalation of dust ( for example, ash dust, lead particles, pollen grains etc) has caused interstitial fibrosis. The three most common types are asbestosis, silicos ...

). *Rarely causes

extrapulmonary Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease usually caused by ''Mycobacterium tuberculosis'' (MTB) bacteria. Tuberculosis generally affects the lungs, but it can also affect other parts of the body. Most infections show no symptoms, in w ...

diseases and disseminated infections * Biosafety level 2 * The first case of infectious endocarditis by M. malmoense was reported in 2020 in Cali, Colombia. The patient was a 61-year old woman with a history of biological mitral valve replacement due to rheumatic disease, dermatomyositis and rheumatoid arthritis in management with methotrexate, chloroquine, and prednisolone.

Type strain

*First isolated from

sputum Sputum is mucus that is coughed up from the lower airways (the trachea and bronchi). In medicine, sputum samples are usually used for a naked eye examination, microbiological investigation of respiratory infections and cytological investigations ...

and biopsy specimens with pulmonary disease in Malmö,

. Strain ATCC 29571 = CCUG 37761 = CIP 105775 = DSM 44163 = JCM 13391 = NCTC 11298.

References

External links