Lubny ( uk, Лубни́, ), is a

city A city is a human settlement of notable size.Goodall, B. (1987) ''The Penguin Dictionary of Human Geography''. London: Penguin.Kuper, A. and Kuper, J., eds (1996) ''The Social Science Encyclopedia''. 2nd edition. London: Routledge. It can be def ...

Poltava Oblast Poltava Oblast ( uk, Полта́вська о́бласть, translit=Poltavska oblast; also referred to as Poltavshchyna – uk, Полта́вщина, literally 'Poltava Country') is an oblast (province) of central Ukraine. The administrative ...

(

province A province is almost always an administrative division within a country or state. The term derives from the ancient Roman ''provincia'', which was the major territorial and administrative unit of the Roman Empire's territorial possessions out ...

) of central

Ukraine Ukraine ( uk, Україна, Ukraïna, ) is a country in Eastern Europe. It is the second-largest European country after Russia, which it borders to the east and northeast. Ukraine covers approximately . Prior to the ongoing Russian inva ...

. Serving as the

administrative center An administrative center is a seat of regional administration or local government, or a county town, or the place where the central administration of a commune is located. In countries with French as administrative language (such as Belgium, Lu ...

Lubny Raion Lubny ( uk, Лубни́, ), is a city in Poltava Oblast (province) of central Ukraine. Serving as the administrative center of Lubny Raion (district), the city itself is administratively incorporated as a city of oblast significance and does ...

(

district A district is a type of administrative division that, in some countries, is managed by the local government. Across the world, areas known as "districts" vary greatly in size, spanning regions or counties, several municipalities, subdivision ...

), the city itself is administratively incorporated as a city of oblast significance and does not belong to the raion. Population:

History

Lubny is reputed to be one of the oldest cities in Ukraine, allegedly founded in 988 by

knyaz , or ( Old Church Slavonic: Кнѧзь) is a historical Slavic title, used both as a royal and noble title in different times of history and different ancient Slavic lands. It is usually translated into English as prince or duke, dependi ...

(prince)

Vladimir the Great Vladimir I Sviatoslavich or Volodymyr I Sviatoslavych ( orv, Володимѣръ Свѧтославичь, ''Volodiměrъ Svętoslavičь'';, ''Uladzimir'', russian: Владимир, ''Vladimir'', uk, Володимир, ''Volodymyr''. Se ...

(Volodymyr) of

Kyiv Kyiv, also spelled Kiev, is the capital and most populous city of Ukraine. It is in north-central Ukraine along the Dnieper River. As of 1 January 2021, its population was 2,962,180, making Kyiv the seventh-most populous city in Europe. Ky ...

. The first written record, however, dates from 1107. Initially, it was a small wooden

fortress A fortification is a military construction or building designed for the defense of territories in warfare, and is also used to establish rule in a region during peacetime. The term is derived from Latin ''fortis'' ("strong") and ''facere'' ...

above the

Sula River The Sula ( uk, Сула́; russian: Су́ла) is a left tributary of the Dnieper with a total length of 363 km and a drainage basin of 19,600 km². The river flows into the Dnieper through the Kremenchuk Reservoir, with which it form ...

. The fortress quickly grew, and in the 15th or 16th century, it was owned by the powerful Wisniowiecki family. The town was ruled by

Magdeburg rights Magdeburg rights (german: Magdeburger Recht; also called Magdeburg Law) were a set of town privileges first developed by Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor (936–973) and based on the Flemish Law, which regulated the degree of internal autonomy within ...

and had a

coat of arms A coat of arms is a heraldic visual design on an escutcheon (i.e., shield), surcoat, or tabard (the latter two being outer garments). The coat of arms on an escutcheon forms the central element of the full heraldic achievement, which in its ...

. In 1596, Lubny was the site of the last battle of

Severyn Nalyvaiko Severyn (Semeriy) Nalyvaiko (, , in older historiography also ''Semen Nalewajko'', died 21 April 1597) was a leader of the Ukrainian Cossacks who became a hero of Ukrainian folklore. He led the failed Nalyvaiko Uprising for which he was tortur ...

against the Poles. In the 17th century the city was one of the largest in the area. In 1638 it had 2,646 inhabitants. After

Khmelnytsky Uprising The Khmelnytsky Uprising,; in Ukraine known as Khmelʹnychchyna or uk, повстання Богдана Хмельницького; lt, Chmelnickio sukilimas; Belarusian: Паўстанне Багдана Хмяльніцкага; russian: � ...

, between 1648 and 1781, the town was the headquarters of the Lubny Cossack Regiment. In 1782 Lubny became an

uyezd An uezd (also spelled uyezd; rus, уе́зд, p=ʊˈjest), or povit in a Ukrainian context ( uk, повіт), or Kreis in Baltic-German context, was a type of administrative subdivision of the Grand Duchy of Moscow, the Russian Empire, and the ea ...

center of

Kiev Viceroyalty Kiev Viceroyalty was created in the process of the Catherine's reform initiated by hers November 7, 1775 edict when the new administrative unit namestnichestvo (viceroyalty) was introduced. Description On September 16, 1781, an edict was issue ...

, in 1793 the town was included into Malorossiya Governorate, since 1802 - into

Poltava Governorate The Poltava Governorate (russian: Полтавская губерния, Poltavskaya guberniya; ua, Полтавська Губернія, translit=Poltavska huberniia) or Poltavshchyna was a gubernia (also called a province or government) in t ...

After a

railroad Rail transport (also known as train transport) is a means of transport that transfers passengers and goods on wheeled vehicles running on rails, which are incorporated in tracks. In contrast to road transport, where the vehicles run on a prep ...

line was constructed through Lubny in 1901, industry grew rapidly and expanded in the city. A local newspaper has been circulating in the city since July 1917. During the

German German(s) may refer to: * Germany (of or related to) **Germania (historical use) * Germans, citizens of Germany, people of German ancestry, or native speakers of the German language ** For citizens of Germany, see also German nationality law **Ge ...

occupation in the

Second World War World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposi ...

, Lubny was the centre of major partisan (resistance) movement. Two

Nazi concentration camps From 1933 to 1945, Nazi Germany operated more than a thousand concentration camps, (officially) or (more commonly). The Nazi concentration camps are distinguished from other types of Nazi camps such as forced-labor camps, as well as con ...

were there. On October 16, 1941 over a thousand of the city's Jews, including women and children, were massacred by German Einsatzgruppen on the outskirts of the city. The action, all the way until the execution, was thoroughly documented by photographer Johannes Hähle.United States Holocaust Museum,
Einsatzgruppen (Mobile Killing Units)
''

Modern Lubny

Today, Lubny is a large industrial and cultural centre. Many automotive and farm equipment factories were established during the growth of industry between 1901 and the 1930s. As well, Lubny is a major producer of

meat Meat is animal flesh that is eaten as food. Humans have hunted, farmed, and scavenged animals for meat since prehistoric times. The establishment of settlements in the Neolithic Revolution allowed the domestication of animals such as chic ...

and

milk Milk is a white liquid food produced by the mammary glands of mammals. It is the primary source of nutrition for young mammals (including breastfed human infants) before they are able to digest solid food. Immune factors and immune-modulat ...

products,

furniture Furniture refers to movable objects intended to support various human activities such as seating (e.g., stools, chairs, and sofas), eating ( tables), storing items, eating and/or working with an item, and sleeping (e.g., beds and hammocks) ...

and

bread Bread is a staple food prepared from a dough of flour (usually wheat) and water, usually by baking. Throughout recorded history and around the world, it has been an important part of many cultures' diet. It is one of the oldest human-made f ...

. Over 40 types of ice cream are made in the milk factorу, and the Lubny bread is known across Ukraine. Lubny also has its own soccer team, FC Lubny. Several museums and art galleries are located there, and the Lubny institute district is known for the bookstores that carry a wide variety of technical and non-technical books. A second local newspaper, ''Visnyk'' ( uk, Вісник) is published in the city since 1994. The main landmark of the Lubny District is the Mharsky Monastery, with a large six-pillared

Ukrainian Baroque Ukrainian Baroque, or Cossack Baroque or Mazepa Baroque ( uk, Українське бароко або Козацьке бароко), is an architectural style that was widespread in the Ukrainian lands in the 17th and 18th centuries. It was th ...

cathedral, built in 1684–92 and renovated after a conflagration in 1754, and a neoclassical bell tower, started in 1784 but not completed until 1844.

Monument

After the demolition of the statue of

Lenin Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov. ( 1870 – 21 January 1924), better known as Vladimir Lenin,. was a Russian revolutionary, politician, and political theorist. He served as the first and founding head of government of Soviet Russia from 1917 to 1 ...

, it was replaced by this Ukrainian monument. The monument has a text sign in enamel with the following text "'' My people exist! My people will always be here! No one will abolish my people! '

Vasyl Symonenko Vasyl Andriiovych Symonenko ( uk, Василь Андрійович Симоненко; 8 January 1935 – 13 December 1963) was a Ukrainian poet, journalist, activist of dissident movement. He is considered one of the most important figures in ...

, 1962 '' File:Lubny monument.jpg, ''My people exist! My people will always be here! No one will abolish my people!" Vasyl Symonenko, 1962"''. File:Лубенська ЗОШ № 10 (1).jpg, A school in Lubny File:Стадіон Центральний у Лубнах.jpg, City stadium File:Хорольський спуск.JPG, Khorol descent File:Лубни - Духовне училище.jpg, Lubny Economic college File:Лубни - Госпіталь ветеранів ВВВ.jpg, Veterans' hospital File:Лубни. Земська лікарня (Дитяча поліклініка),2.JPG, Children's clinic in Lubny File:Міськрайсуд.JPG, City court File:Неподалік від краєзнавчого музею.jpg, Old tower in Lubny File:Лубни - Шевченко.jpg, Taras Shevchenko monument File:Лубни лисотех коледж.JPG, Lubny Forestry College park File:Lubny1000year.JPG, The monument to 1000-year anniversary of Lubny File:Lubny_Hram_Rozdestva_Bogorodicy.JPG, The church of Virgin Mary's Birthday (19th century) File:Mgar_24_07_2010.JPG, The Mhar's monastery. The cathedral (17th century) File:Mgar_skit2.JPG, The Mhar's monastery. The church

Administrative divisions

Lubny is divided into eight

microdistrict Microdistrict, or micro raion (russian: микрорайо́н, ''mikrorajón''), is a residential complex—a primary structural element of the residential area construction in the Soviet Union and in some post-Soviet and former Socialist ...

s, each raion is governed by a specially-appointed secretary, and has its own branch of the police force. The secretaries are responsible for handling issues in their raion. Prince Jeremi Wiśniowiecki in Lubny 1648

Prince Jeremi Wiśniowiecki in Lubny 1648

Climate

Notable people from Lubny

Jeremi Wiśniowiecki Prince Jeremi Wiśniowiecki ( uk, Ярема Вишневецький – Yarema Vyshnevetsky; 1612 – 20 August 1651) nicknamed ''Hammer on the Cossacks'' ( pl, Młot na Kozaków), was a notable member of the aristocracy of the Polish–Lith ...

, Rutheniuan and Polish notable magnate, the father of the future king of Poland

Michael I Michael I may refer to: * Pope Michael I of Alexandria, Coptic Pope of Alexandria and Patriarch of the See of St. Mark in 743–767 * Michael I Rhangabes, Byzantine Emperor (died in 844) * Michael I Cerularius, Patriarch Michael I of Constantin ...

(1612-1651) *

Szymon Syrski Szymon Syrski (24 October 1824, Łubnie – 13 January 1882, Lwów) was a Polish zoologist. He was a professor of zoology at Lviv University. 1824 births 1882 deaths 19th-century Polish zoologists {{Poland-scientist-stub ...

, Polish zoologist (1824–1882) * Kateryna Skarzhynska, philanthropist and collector of folklore (1852-1932) * Lyudmila Rudenko, Soviet

chess world champion The World Chess Championship is played to determine the world champion in chess. The current world champion is Magnus Carlsen of Norway, who has held the title since 2013. The first event recognized as a world championship was the 1886 matc ...

(1904–1986) * Natalya Meklin, pilot (1922-2005)

References

External links

Lubny News

Official city administration siteHistory of Jewish Community in LubnyThe murder of the Jews of Lubny
during

World War II World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the World War II by country, vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great power ...

, at

Yad Vashem Yad Vashem ( he, יָד וַשֵׁם; literally, "a memorial and a name") is Israel's official memorial to the victims of the Holocaust. It is dedicated to preserving the memory of the Jews who were murdered; honoring Jews who fought against th ...

website. {{Authority control Cities in Poltava Oblast Lubensky Uyezd Kiev Voivodeship Cossack Hetmanate Cities of regional significance in Ukraine Holocaust locations in Ukraine