Lomonosovsky District (russian: Ломоно́совский райо́н) is an administrative
[Oblast Law #32-oz] and municipal
[Law #117-oz] district (
raion
A raion (also spelt rayon) is a type of administrative unit of several post-Soviet states. The term is used for both a type of subnational entity and a division of a city. The word is from the French (meaning 'honeycomb, department'), and is c ...
), one of the
seventeen in
Leningrad Oblast
Leningrad Oblast ( rus, Ленинградская область, Leningradskaya oblast’, lʲɪnʲɪnˈgratskəjə ˈobləsʲtʲ, , ) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast). It was established on 1 August 1927, although it was not until 1 ...
,
Russia
Russia (, , ), or the Russian Federation, is a transcontinental country spanning Eastern Europe and Northern Asia. It is the largest country in the world, with its internationally recognised territory covering , and encompassing one-ei ...
. It is located in the west of the
oblast
An oblast (; ; Cyrillic (in most languages, including Russian and Ukrainian): , Bulgarian: ) is a type of administrative division of Belarus, Bulgaria, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, and Ukraine, as well as the Soviet Union and the Kingdo ...
and borders with
Petrodvortsovy and
Krasnoselsky Districts of the Federal city of
Saint Petersburg
Saint Petersburg ( rus, links=no, Санкт-Петербург, a=Ru-Sankt Peterburg Leningrad Petrograd Piter.ogg, r=Sankt-Peterburg, p=ˈsankt pʲɪtʲɪrˈburk), formerly known as Petrograd (1914–1924) and later Leningrad (1924–1991), i ...
in the east,
Gatchinsky District
Gatchinsky District (russian: Га́тчинский райо́н) is an administrativeOblast Law #32-oz and municipalLaw #113-oz district ( raion), one of the seventeen in Leningrad Oblast, Russia. It is located in the southwestern central part ...
in the southeast,
Volosovsky District in the south,
Kingiseppsky District
Kingiseppsky District (russian: Кингисе́ппский райо́н, fi, Kingiseppin piiri) is an administrativeOblast Law #32-oz and municipalLaw #81-oz district ( raion), one of the seventeen in Leningrad Oblast, Russia. It is located in ...
in the southwest, and the city of oblast significance of
Sosnovy Bor
Sosnovy Bor (russian: Сосно́вый Бор; lit. ''pine forest (copse)'') is the name of several inhabited localities in Russia.
Amur Oblast
As of 2010, one rural locality in Amur Oblast bears this name:
* Sosnovy Bor, Amur Oblast, a '' sel ...
in the west. In the north, the district is bounded by the
Gulf of Finland
The Gulf of Finland ( fi, Suomenlahti; et, Soome laht; rus, Фи́нский зали́в, r=Finskiy zaliv, p=ˈfʲinskʲɪj zɐˈlʲif; sv, Finska viken) is the easternmost arm of the Baltic Sea. It extends between Finland to the north and ...
. The area of the district is .
Its
administrative center
An administrative center is a seat of regional administration or local government, or a county town, or the place where the central administration of a commune is located.
In countries with French as administrative language (such as Belgium, Lu ...
is the
town
A town is a human settlement. Towns are generally larger than villages and smaller than cities, though the criteria to distinguish between them vary considerably in different parts of the world.
Origin and use
The word "town" shares an o ...
of
Lomonosov
Mikhail Vasilyevich Lomonosov (; russian: Михаил (Михайло) Васильевич Ломоносов, p=mʲɪxɐˈil vɐˈsʲilʲjɪvʲɪtɕ , a=Ru-Mikhail Vasilyevich Lomonosov.ogg; – ) was a Russian polymath, scientist and wri ...
(which is not a part of Leningrad Oblast and is located on the territory of the
federal city of
Saint Petersburg
Saint Petersburg ( rus, links=no, Санкт-Петербург, a=Ru-Sankt Peterburg Leningrad Petrograd Piter.ogg, r=Sankt-Peterburg, p=ˈsankt pʲɪtʲɪrˈburk), formerly known as Petrograd (1914–1924) and later Leningrad (1924–1991), i ...
). Population: 65,297 (
2002 Census);
Geography
The district is elongated along the shore of the
Gulf of Finland
The Gulf of Finland ( fi, Suomenlahti; et, Soome laht; rus, Фи́нский зали́в, r=Finskiy zaliv, p=ˈfʲinskʲɪj zɐˈlʲif; sv, Finska viken) is the easternmost arm of the Baltic Sea. It extends between Finland to the north and ...
and belongs to the
drainage basin
A drainage basin is an area of land where all flowing surface water converges to a single point, such as a river mouth, or flows into another body of water, such as a lake or ocean. A basin is separated from adjacent basins by a perimeter, ...
of the rivers flowing to the gulf, the biggest of which are the
Sista and the
Kovashi. The inner areas of the district are hilly. There are several lakes in Lomonosovsky District, the biggest of which is
Lake Lubenskoye. Much of the area is swampy and forested.
History
Originally, the area of the district was populated by
Finnic peoples
The Finnic or Fennic peoples, sometimes simply called Finns, are the nations who speak languages traditionally classified in the Finnic (now commonly '' Finno-Permic'') language family, and which are thought to have originated in the region of ...
. In the 11th century, the Slavs began settling there. The area was dependent on the
Novgorod Republic
The Novgorod Republic was a medieval state that existed from the 12th to 15th centuries, stretching from the Gulf of Finland in the west to the northern Ural Mountains in the east, including the city of Novgorod and the Lake Ladoga regions of mod ...
. The
Koporye Fortress, one of the fortresses built by Novgorodians to protect the borders, was mentioned first in 1240.
From the 15th century, it was annexed together with all Novgorod Lands by the
Grand Duchy of Moscow
The Grand Duchy of Moscow, Muscovite Russia, Muscovite Rus' or Grand Principality of Moscow (russian: Великое княжество Московское, Velikoye knyazhestvo Moskovskoye; also known in English simply as Muscovy from the Lati ...
; it belonged to the , one of the five of Novgorod Lands. The area was constantly at the frontier and became the battleground between Germans and Swedes, on one side, and Russians, on the other side. In 1617, according to the
Treaty of Stolbovo
The Treaty of Stolbovo () was a peace treaty that ended the Ingrian War (), which had been fought between the Swedish Empire and the Russian Tsardom between 1610 and 1617.
History
After nearly two months of negotiations, representatives from Sw ...
, the west of the area was transferred to Sweden, and in 1703, during the
Great Northern War
The Great Northern War (1700–1721) was a conflict in which a coalition led by the Tsardom of Russia successfully contested the supremacy of the Swedish Empire in Northern, Central and Eastern Europe. The initial leaders of the anti-Swe ...
, it was conquered back by Russia.
In the course of the
administrative reform carried out in 1708 by
Peter the Great
Peter I ( – ), most commonly known as Peter the Great,) or Pyotr Alekséyevich ( rus, Пётр Алексе́евич, p=ˈpʲɵtr ɐlʲɪˈksʲejɪvʲɪtɕ, , group=pron was a Russian monarch who ruled the Tsardom of Russia from t ...
, the area was included into Ingermanland Governorate (known since 1710 as
Saint Petersburg Governorate
Saint Petersburg Governorate (russian: Санкт-Петербу́ргская губе́рния, ''Sankt-Peterburgskaya guberniya''), or Government of Saint Petersburg, was an administrative division (a '' guberniya'') of the Tsardom of Russia ...
). It later became a part of
Petergofsky Uyezd Petergofsky Uyezd (russian: Петергофский уезд) was one of the eight subdivisions of the Saint Petersburg Governorate of the Russian Empire. Its capital was Petergof. Petergofsky Uyezd was located in the northern part of the governo ...
s, with the center in
Petergof
Petergof (russian: Петерго́ф), known as Petrodvorets () from 1944 to 1997, is a municipal town in Petrodvortsovy District of the federal city of St. Petersburg, located on the southern shore of the Gulf of Finland.
The town host ...
. The governorate was renamed Petrograd in 1914 and Leningrad in 1924. On February 14, 1923 Petergofsky Uyezd was merged with
Detskoselsky Uyezd to form
Gatchinsky Uyezd Gatchinsky (masculine), Gatchinskaya (feminine), or Gatchinskoye (neuter) may refer to:
*Gatchinsky District
Gatchinsky District (russian: Га́тчинский райо́н) is an administrativeOblast Law #32-oz and municipalLaw #113-oz district ...
, with the administrative center located in
Gatchina
The town of Gatchina ( rus, Га́тчина, , ˈɡatːɕɪnə, links=y) serves as the administrative center of the Gatchinsky District in Leningrad Oblast, Russia. It lies south-south-west of St. Petersburg, along the E95 highway which ...
.
On February 14, 1923 Gatchina was renamed Trotsk, and Gatchinsky Uyezd was renamed Trotsky Uyezd, after
Leon Trotsky
Lev Davidovich Bronstein. ( – 21 August 1940), better known as Leon Trotsky; uk, link= no, Лев Давидович Троцький; also transliterated ''Lyev'', ''Trotski'', ''Trotskij'', ''Trockij'' and ''Trotzky''. (), was a Russian ...
.
On August 1, 1927, the uyezds were abolished and Oranienbaumsky District, with the administrative center in the town of
Oranienbaum, was established. The governorates were also abolished, and the district was a part of
Leningrad Okrug
The Leningrad Okrug (russian: Ленингра́дский о́круг) was an okrug that briefly existed within the Leningrad Oblast in the Soviet Union, between 1927 and 1930. It covered the city currently known as Saint Petersburg, which was ...
of
Leningrad Oblast
Leningrad Oblast ( rus, Ленинградская область, Leningradskaya oblast’, lʲɪnʲɪnˈgratskəjə ˈobləsʲtʲ, , ) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast). It was established on 1 August 1927, although it was not until 1 ...
. It included parts of former
Trotsky Uyezd. On July 23, 1930, the okrugs were abolished as well, and the districts were directly subordinated to the oblast. On August 27, 1939
Bolshaya Izhora
Bolshaya Izhora (russian: Больша́я Ижо́ра) is an urban locality (an urban-type settlement) in Lomonosovsky District of Leningrad Oblast, Russia, located on the southern shore of the Gulf of Finland. It is adjacent from the west to S ...
was made an urban-type settlement, and on September 17, 1939 Oranienbaum became the city of the oblast significance and ceased to be a part of the district. Between August 1941 and January 1944, during
World War II
World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the World War II by country, vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great power ...
, the western part of the district was occupied by
German troops. The eastern part was not occupied and served as the
Oranienbaum Bridgehead
The Oranienbaum Bridgehead ( in Russian) was an isolated portion of the Leningrad Oblast in Russia, which was retained under Soviet control during the siege of Leningrad in World War II. It played a significant role in protecting the city.
Histo ...
to protect the city of Leningrad. On February 23, 1948 the town of Oranienbaum was renamed Lomonosov to commemorate
Mikhail Lomonosov
Mikhail Vasilyevich Lomonosov (; russian: Михаил (Михайло) Васильевич Ломоносов, p=mʲɪxɐˈil vɐˈsʲilʲjɪvʲɪtɕ , a=Ru-Mikhail Vasilyevich Lomonosov.ogg; – ) was a Russian polymath, scientist and wr ...
, and the district was renamed Lomonosovsky. On December 10, 1958
Sosnovy Bor
Sosnovy Bor (russian: Сосно́вый Бор; lit. ''pine forest (copse)'') is the name of several inhabited localities in Russia.
Amur Oblast
As of 2010, one rural locality in Amur Oblast bears this name:
* Sosnovy Bor, Amur Oblast, a '' sel ...
was granted the urban-settlement status. On February 1, 1963 Lomonosovsky District was abolished and merged into Gatchinsky District; on January 13, 1965 it was reestablished. On November 22, 1966
Lebyazhye was granted urban-type settlement status.
On April 19, 1973 Sosnovy Bor became a town of oblast significance and ceased to be a part of the district. As a result of a sequence of administrative reforms, the town of Lomonosov was transferred to the federal city of Saint Petersburg, and thus Lomonosovsky District is the only district in Russia which has its administrative center lying in a different federal subject.
On August 1, 1927
Detskoselsky District was established as well, with the administrative center in the town of
Detskoye Selo. It was a part of Leningrad Okrug of Leningrad Oblast and included areas formerly belonging to Gatchinsky and Novgorodsky Uyezds. The town of
Slutsk
Slutsk ( officially transliterated as Sluck, be, Слуцк; russian: Слуцк; pl, Słuck, lt, Sluckas, Yiddish/Hebrew: סלוצק ''Slutsk'') is a city in Belarus, located on the Sluch River south of Minsk. As of 2022, its population i ...
was also a part of the district. On August 19, 1930 the district was abolished and split between Tosnensky,
Krasnogvardeysky, and
Leningradsky Prigorodny District Leningradsky (masculine), Leningradskaya (feminine), or Leningradskoye (neuter) may refer to:
* Leningradsky District, name of several districts and city districts in Russia
* Leningradsky (inhabited locality) (''Leningradskaya'', ''Leningradskoye'' ...
s.
On August 1, 1927
Uritsky District
Uritsky District (russian: Урицкий райо́н) is an administrativeLaw #522-OZ and municipalLaw #443-OZ district ( raion), one of the twenty-four in Oryol Oblast, Russia. It is located in the west of the oblast. The area of the district ...
was also established, with the administrative center in the town of
Uritsk Ligovo (russian: Лигово) is a historical area of the federal city of Saint Petersburg (Russia). It is located in the southern part of the city on the road leading to Petergof.
A settlement of east Slavs existed on the site of modern Ligovo f ...
. It was a part of Leningrad Okrug of Leningrad Oblast and included areas formerly belonging to Gatchinsky and Leningradsky Uyezds. The town of
Krasnoye Selo
Krasnoye Selo (russian: Кра́сное Село́, lit. ''Red village''). Г. П. Смолицкая. "Топонимический словарь Центральной России". "Армада-Пресс", 2002 is a munic ...
was also a part of the district. On August 19, 1930 the district was abolished and merged into Leningradsky Prigorodny District.
Leningradsky Prigorodny District was established on August 19, 1930 by merging
Leninsky District, Uritsky District, as well as parts of Detskoselsky,
Kolpinsky, and
Pargolovsky Districts, and the towns of Petergof,
Sestroretsk
Sestroretsk (russian: Сестроре́цк; fi, Siestarjoki; sv, Systerbäck) is a municipal town in Kurortny District of the federal city of St. Petersburg, Russia, located on the shores of the Gulf of Finland, the Sestra River ...
, and
Shlisselburg. The administrative center of the district was located in
Leningrad
Saint Petersburg ( rus, links=no, Санкт-Петербург, a=Ru-Sankt Peterburg Leningrad Petrograd Piter.ogg, r=Sankt-Peterburg, p=ˈsankt pʲɪtʲɪrˈburk), formerly known as Petrograd (1914–1924) and later Leningrad (1924–1991), i ...
. On December 13, 1931 Leningradsky Prigorodny District was subordinated to the city of Leningrad (which was not a part of the district). On August 19, 1936 the district was abolished, and split between the city of Leningrad, and Krasnoselsky,
Slutsky, Pargolovsky,
Vsevolozhsky, and
Mginsky Districts.
On August 19, 1936
Krasnoselsky District
Krasnoselsky District is the name of several administrative and municipal districts in Russia.
*Krasnoselsky District, Moscow, a district in Central Administrative Okrug of the federal city of Moscow
*Krasnoselsky District, Saint Petersburg, a ...
with the administrative center in the town of
Krasnoye Selo
Krasnoye Selo (russian: Кра́сное Село́, lit. ''Red village''). Г. П. Смолицкая. "Топонимический словарь Центральной России". "Армада-Пресс", 2002 is a munic ...
was established on the territories which previously belonged to Leningradsky Prigorodny District. Between August, 1941 and January, 1944 the area of the district was occupied by German troops. On June 12, 1950 some parts of the district, including the town of Uritsk, were transferred to the city of Leningrad. On December 14, 1955 Krasnoselsky District was abolished and merged into Lomonosovsky District.
As a result of a sequence of administrative reforms, the town of Krasnoye Selo was transferred to the federal city of Saint Petersburg.
Restricted access
The part of the coast of the Gulf of Finland adjacent to the town of Sosnovy Bor, including the urban-type settlement of
Lebyazhye, is included into the
border security zone, intended to protect the borders of Russia from unwanted activity. In order to visit the zone, a permit issued by the local
Federal Security Service
The Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation (FSB) RF; rus, Федеральная служба безопасности Российской Федерации (ФСБ России), Federal'naya sluzhba bezopasnosti Rossiyskoy Feder ...
department is required.
Economy
Industry
There are enterprises of timber, machine building, and food industries in the district.
Agriculture
The main agricultural specializations of the district are cattle breeding with meat and milk production, poultry production, and
fish farming
upright=1.3, Salmon farming in the sea (mariculture) at Loch Ainort, Isle of Skye">mariculture.html" ;"title="Salmon farming in the sea (mariculture">Salmon farming in the sea (mariculture) at Loch Ainort, Isle of Skye, Scotland
Fish farming o ...
.
Transportation
A railway connecting the
Baltiysky railway station
St. Petersburg-Baltiysky (russian: Балти́йский вокза́л) is a railway station in St. Petersburg, one of the busiest railway stations in Russia by volume of suburban traffic.
The station was modelled by architect Alexander Kra ...
of Saint Petersburg with
Veymarn crosses the district, largely following the seashore. The eastern stretch between Saint Petersburg and Sosnovy Bor is served by suburban connections. There is no passenger service west of Sosnovy Bor. The main railway station within the limits of the district is
Lebyazhye.
The
A180 highway, connecting Saint Petersburg and
Ivangorod
Ivangorod ( rus, Иванго́род, p=ɪvɐnˈɡorət; et, Jaanilinn; vot, Jaanilidna) is a town in Kingiseppsky District of Leningrad Oblast, Russia, located on the east bank of the Narva river which flows along the Estonia–Russia int ...
, crosses the southeastern part of the district, and the
A120 highway, which encircles Saint Petersburg, crosses its eastern part, terminating in
Bolshaya Izhora
Bolshaya Izhora (russian: Больша́я Ижо́ра) is an urban locality (an urban-type settlement) in Lomonosovsky District of Leningrad Oblast, Russia, located on the southern shore of the Gulf of Finland. It is adjacent from the west to S ...
at the seashore. The A180 highway coincides with the
European route E20
European route E20 is a part of the United Nations International E-road network. It runs roughly west–east through Ireland, the United Kingdom, Denmark, Sweden, Estonia, and Russia.
Its length is but it is not continuous; at three points, a ...
connecting Saint Petersburg via
Tallinn
Tallinn () is the most populous and capital city of Estonia. Situated on a bay in north Estonia, on the shore of the Gulf of Finland of the Baltic Sea, Tallinn has a population of 437,811 (as of 2022) and administratively lies in the Harju '' ...
with
Shannon Airport
Shannon Airport ( ga, Aerfort na Sionainne) is an international airport located in County Clare in the Republic of Ireland. It is adjacent to the Shannon Estuary and lies halfway between Ennis and Limerick. The airport is the third busiest ai ...
. Generally, the district has an extensive network of local roads.
Culture and recreation
The eastern part of Lomonosovsky District is and always was a part of the greater Saint Petersburg area, therefore it was attractive for aristocracy as a location to build their estates. The district contains over a hundred cultural heritage monuments of federal and local. The federally designated monuments include the medieval
Koporye Fortress, the Gostilitsy Estate in the village of
Gostilitsy, built in the 18th century and redesigned in the 1840s by
Andrei Stackenschneider Andrei Ivanovich Stakenschneider (russian: Андрей Иванович Штакеншнейдер) (March 6 regorian 1802 – August 20 regorian 1865), also spelled ''Stackenschneider'' and ''Stuckenschneider'', was a Russian architect. His ecle ...
, the complex of the postal station in the village of
Kipen, built in the 1800s, and the
Ropsha Estate in the settlement of
Ropsha, built in the 18th century under the general supervision of
Francesco Bartolomeo Rastrelli
Francesco Bartolomeo Rastrelli (russian: Франче́ско Бартоломе́о (Варфоломе́й Варфоломе́евич) Растре́лли; 1700 in Paris, Kingdom of France – 29 April 1771 in Saint Petersburg, Russian Emp ...
, and in the 1790s was the imperial estate owned by Tsar
Paul I. Ensembles of Gostilitsy and Ropsha, as well as four roads stretching out of Saint Petersburg —
Tallinskoye Highway
Russian Route A180, also known as Narva Highway (russian: Федера́льная автомоби́льная доро́га А180 «На́рва», Federal highway A180 "Narva") is a Russian federal highway that runs from Saint Petersburg throug ...
(A180),
Peterhofskoe Highway,
Ropshinskoe Highway, and
Gostilitskoe Highway — are a part of
World Heritage
A World Heritage Site is a landmark or area with legal protection by an international convention administered by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). World Heritage Sites are designated by UNESCO for ...
site
. As of 2012, both Ropsha and Gostilitsy were deserted and at the verge of collapse.
The Koporye Fortress functions as a museum.
References
Notes
Sources
*
*
{{Use mdy dates, date=August 2012
Districts of Leningrad Oblast
States and territories established in 1927
States and territories disestablished in 1963
States and territories established in 1965