The Littorinidae are a
taxonomic family
Family (from la, familia) is a group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the family is to maintain the well-being of its members and of society. Idea ...
of over 200 species of
sea snail
Sea snail is a common name for slow-moving marine gastropod molluscs, usually with visible external shells, such as whelk or abalone. They share the taxonomic class Gastropoda with slugs, which are distinguished from snails primarily by the a ...
s,
marine
Marine is an adjective meaning of or pertaining to the sea or ocean.
Marine or marines may refer to:
Ocean
* Maritime (disambiguation)
* Marine art
* Marine biology
* Marine debris
* Marine habitats
* Marine life
* Marine pollution
Military ...
gastropod
The gastropods (), commonly known as snails and slugs, belong to a large taxonomic class of invertebrates within the phylum Mollusca called Gastropoda ().
This class comprises snails and slugs from saltwater, from freshwater, and from land. T ...
mollusc
Mollusca is the second-largest phylum of invertebrate animals after the Arthropoda, the members of which are known as molluscs or mollusks (). Around 85,000 extant species of molluscs are recognized. The number of fossil species is est ...
s in the
clade
A clade (), also known as a monophyletic group or natural group, is a group of organisms that are monophyletic – that is, composed of a common ancestor and all its lineal descendants – on a phylogenetic tree. Rather than the English ter ...
Littorinimorpha
Littorinimorpha is a large order of snails, gastropods, consisting primarily of sea snails (marine species), but also including some freshwater snails ( aquatic species) and land snails ( terrestrial species).Bouchet P. & Rocroi J.-P. (Ed.); Frý ...
, commonly known as periwinkles and found worldwide.
Names
In English-speaking countries, gastropod molluscs from other families, such as the
Neritidae, are sometimes also commonly known as "winkles" because they are small, round snails that occupy a similar ecological niche.
Taxonomy
These
subfamilies have been recognized in
the taxonomy of Bouchet & Rocroi (2005):
* Subfamily
Littorininae Children
A child ( : children) is a human being between the stages of birth and puberty, or between the developmental period of infancy and puberty. The legal definition of ''child'' generally refers to a minor, otherwise known as a person younger ...
, 1834 – synonyms: Echinininae Rosewater, 1972; Tectariinae Rosewater, 1972; Melaraphidae Starobogatov & Sitnikova, 1983
* Subfamily
Lacuninae Gray, 1857 – synonyms: Risellidae Kesteven, 1903; Cremnoconchinae Preston, 1915; Bembiciidae Finlay, 1928.
* Subfamily
Laevilitorininae Reid, 1989
Genera within the family Littorinidae include:
;
Littorininae
* ''
Afrolittorina
''Afrolittorina'' is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Littorinidae
The Littorinidae are a taxonomic family of over 200 species of sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the clade Littorinimorpha, commonly ...
'' Williams, Reid & Littlewood, 2003
* ''
Austrolittorina'' Rosewater, 1970
* ''
Cenchritis
''Cenchritis'' is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Littorinidae, the winkles or periwinkles.
Species
Species within the genus ''Cenchritis'' include:
* '' Cenchritis antonii'' (Philippi, R.A., 1846)
* '' Cenchrit ...
'' von Martens, 1900
* ''
Echinolittorina
''Echinolittorina'' is a genus of small sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the family Littorinidae, the winkles.
Species
According to the World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS), the following species with valid names are included wit ...
'' Habe, 1956 – synonyms: ''Amerolittorina'' Reid, 2009;
''Fossarilittorina'' Rosewater, 1981; ''Granulilittorina'' Habe & Kosuge, 1966; ''Lineolittorina'' Reid, 2009
* ''
Littoraria
''Littoraria'' is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Littorinidae, the winkles or periwinkles.Reid, David G. (2011). ''Littoraria'' Griffith & Pidgeon, 1834. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at ...
'' Griffith & Pidgeon, 1834 – 39 species
* ''
Littorina
''Littorina'' is a genus of small sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the family Littorinidae, the winkles or periwinkles.WoRMS (2011). Littorina Férussac, 1822. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marines ...
''
Férussac, 1822 – 18 species – type genus
* ''
Mainwaringia
''Mainwaringia'' is a genus of sea snails or freshwater snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Littorinidae
The Littorinidae are a taxonomic family of over 200 species of sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the clade Litt ...
'' Nevill, 1885
* ''
Melarhaphe
''Melarhaphe'' is a monotypic genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Littorinidae, the winkles or periwinkles.Bouchet, P.; Reid, David G. (2012). Melarhaphe Menke, 1828. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Spec ...
'' Menke, 1828
* ''
Nodilittorina
''Nodilittorina'' is a genus of small sea snails. marine gastropod mollusks in the family Littorinidae
The Littorinidae are a taxonomic family of over 200 species of sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the clade Littorinimorpha, com ...
'' von Martens, 1897 – this genus proved to be polyphyletic and in 2003 was divided into:
** ''
Echinolittorina
''Echinolittorina'' is a genus of small sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the family Littorinidae, the winkles.
Species
According to the World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS), the following species with valid names are included wit ...
'' – 59 species worldwide
** ''
Austrolittorina'' – five species
** ''
Afrolittorina
''Afrolittorina'' is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Littorinidae
The Littorinidae are a taxonomic family of over 200 species of sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the clade Littorinimorpha, commonly ...
'' – four species
** ''
Nodilittorina
''Nodilittorina'' is a genus of small sea snails. marine gastropod mollusks in the family Littorinidae
The Littorinidae are a taxonomic family of over 200 species of sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the clade Littorinimorpha, com ...
'' s.s. – the monotypic subgenus
* ''
Peasiella
''Peasiella'' is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Littorinidae
The Littorinidae are a taxonomic family of over 200 species of sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the clade Littorinimorpha, commonly kn ...
'' - Nevill, 1885
* ''
Tectarius
''Tectarius'' is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Littorinidae, the winkles or periwinkles.
Species
Species within the genus ''Tectarius'' include:
* '' Tectarius antonii'' (Philippi, 1846)
* '' Tectarius c ...
''
Valenciennes
Valenciennes (, also , , ; nl, label=also Dutch, Valencijn; pcd, Valincyinnes or ; la, Valentianae) is a commune in the Nord department, Hauts-de-France, France.
It lies on the Scheldt () river. Although the city and region experienced a ...
, 1833 – 11 species, its synonym or subgenus includes: ''
Echininus'' Clench & Abbott, 1942.
;
Lacuninae
* ''
Bembicium'' Philippi, 1846
* ''
Cremnoconchus'' Blanford, 1869
[(file created 29 July 2010]
FRESH WATER MOLLUSCAN SPECIES IN INDIA
11 pp. accessed 31 July 2010.[Blanford W. T. (1869). "Notes on some Indian and Mascarene Land-Shells". '']Annals and Magazine of Natural History
The ''Journal of Natural History'' is a scientific journal published by Taylor & Francis focusing on entomology and zoology. The journal was established in 1841 under the name ''Annals and Magazine of Natural History'' (''Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist.'') an ...
'' (4)3
340
344
page 343
– freshwater snails living in waterfalls.
[Strong E. E., Gargominy O., Ponder W. F. & Bouchet P. (2008). "Global Diversity of Gastropods (Gastropoda; Mollusca) in Freshwater". '']Hydrobiologia
''Hydrobiologia'', ''The International Journal of Aquatic Sciences'', is a peer-reviewed scientific journal publishing 21 issues per year, for a total of well over 4000 pages per year. ''Hydrobiologia'' publishes original research, reviews and opi ...
'' 595: 149–166. .
* ''
Lacuna''
Turton, 1827 – synonym: ''Aquilonaria''
Dall, 1886
* ''
Pellilitorina'' Pfeffer in Martens & Pfeffer, 1886
* ''
Risellopsis'' Kesteven, 1902
;
Laevilitorininae
* ''
Laevilacunaria'' Powell, 1951
* ''
Laevilitorina''
Pfeiffer, 1886
subfamily ?
* ''
Algamorda''
Dall, 1918
* ''
Macquariella''
Finlay
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Given name Finlay
* Finlay Mickel, Scottish skier
*Finlay Currie (1878–1968), Scottish actor
* Finlay Calder, Scottish rugby pl ...
, 1927 (?)
* ''
Rissolitorina''
Ponder, 1966
;Synonyms:
* ''Corneolitorina'' Powell, 1951: synonym of ''Laevilitorina (Laevilitorina)'' Pfeffer in Martens & Pfeffer, 1886 represented as ''Laevilitorina'' Pfeffer, 1886
* ''Haloconcha'' Dall, 1886 is a synonym for ''
Lacunaria'' Dall, 1885
* ''Macquariella'' Finlay, 1926: synonym of ''Laevilitorina'' Pfeffer, 1886
* ''Rissolittorina'' Ponder, 1966: synonym of ''Laevilitorina'' Pfeffer, 1886
References
*
*
Powell A. W. B., ''New Zealand Mollusca'',
William Collins Publishers Ltd, Auckland, New Zealand 1979
Further reading
{{Taxonbar, from=Q1325371
Taxa named by John George Children