List of indigenous languages of South America

This article lists the indigenous languages of South America. Extinct languages are marked by dagger signs (†).

Demographics by country

Demographics of indigenous languages of South America by country as of 2012, as reported by Crevels (2012):

Languages by classification

Jolkesky (2016)

Jolkesky (2016) lists 43 language families and 66 language isolates (and/or unclassified languages) in South America – a total of 109 independent families and isolates.Jolkesky, Marcelo Pinho de Valhery. 2016.
Estudo arqueo-ecolinguístico das terras tropicais sul-americanas
'. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Brasília.

;Andoke-Urekena
*'' Andoke''
*'' Urekena''

;Arawa
*'' Suruwaha''
*Madi-Deni-Paumari
**Deni-Kulina: '' Deni''; '' Kulina''
**Madi-Arawa
***'' Arawa'' †
***Madi: '' Banawa''; '' Jamamadi''; '' Jarawara''
**'' Paumari''

;Barbakoa
*Barbakoa, Southern
**'' Karanki'' †
**'' Kayapa''
**'' Kijo'' †
**'' Tsafiki''
*Barbakoa, Northern
**Kokonuko
***'' Kokonuko'' †
***Guambiano-Totoro: ''Guambiano''; '' Totoro''
**Pasto
***'' Awa Pit''
***'' Barbakoa'' †
***'' Pasto'' †
***'' Sindagua'' †

;Bora-Muinane
*'' Bora''; '' Miraña''
*'' Muinane''

;Chacha-Cholon-Hibito
*'' Chacha'' †
*'' Cholon''
*'' Hibito'' †

;Chapakura-Wañam
*'' Napeka''
*'' Rokorona''
*Chapakura-Kitemoka
**'' Chapakura'' †
**'' Kitemoka''
*More-Tora
**More-Kuyubi
***Kuyubi-Kumana: '' Kumana''; '' Kuyubi''
***''More''
**''Tora''
**'' Kabixi''
*Urupa-Wañam-Wari
**Urupa
***'' Urupa''
***'' Yaru''
**Wañam-Wari
***'' Wañam''
***Wari-Win: '' Oro Eo''; '' Oro Wari''; '' Oro Win''

;Charrua
*'' Chana''
*'' Guenoa'' †
*'' Minuan'' †

;Chibcha
*'' Pech''
*Votic
**'' Maleku''
**''Rama''
**''Wetar''
*Isthmus
**Boruka-Talamanca
***'' Boruka''
***Talamanca
****''Teribe''
****Bribri-Kabekar
*****'' Bribri''
*****'' Kabekar''
**Doraske-Changena
***'' Changena'' †
***'' Doraske''
**Guaymi
***'' Buglere''
***''Ngäbe''
**Kuna
***'' Kuna Paya-Pukuro''
***'' Kuna San Blas''
*Magdalena
**'' Barí''
**'' Chimila''
**'' Nutabe'' †
**'' Tunebo''
**Muiska
***'' Guane'' †
***'' Muiska'' †
**Sierra de Santa Marta
***'' Kaggaba''
***Wiwa-Ika
****'' Ika''
****'' Kankuamo'' †
****'' Wiwa''
***''Tairona'' †

;Choko
*'' Waunana''
*Embera
**Embera, Southern: '' Embera Baudo''; '' Embera Chami''; ''Epena''
**Embera, Northern: '' Embera Katio''; '' Embera Darien''

;Chon
*Chon, Southern
**''Haush'' †
**''Selk'nam''
*Chon, Northern
**'' Tewelche''
**''Teushen'' †

;Duho
*Tikuna-Yuri
**'' Karabayo''
**'' Tikuna''
**''Yuri'' †
*Saliba-Hodi
**'' Hodi''
**Saliba-Betoi
***'' Betoi'' †
***Saliba-Piaroa
****'' Saliba''
****Piaroa-Mako
*****'' Ature'' †
*****'' Mako''
*****'' Piaroa''

;Guahibo
*Guahibo, Nuclear
**''Kuiba''
**'' Sikuani''
**'' Playero''
*''Guayabero''
*'' Hitnü''

;Harakmbet-Katukina
*'' Amarakaeri''; '' Arasaeri''; '' Sapiteri''; '' Wachipaeri''
*Katukina-Katawixi
**'' Katawixi''
**'' Kanamari''; '' Katukina''

;Jaqi
*'' Aymara''
*Jaqaru
**''Jaqaru''
**'' Kawki''

;Jirajara †
*'' Ayoman'' †
*'' Gayon'' †
*'' Jirajara'' †

;Jivaro
*'' Aguaruna''
*'' Palta'' †
*Jivaro, Nuclear
**''Achuar-Shiwiar''
**'' Wambisa''
**'' Shuar''

;Karib
*Karib, Western †
**'' Karare'' †
**'' Opon'' †
*Karib, Central
**'' Apalai''
**Hianakoto
***'' Guake'' †
***'' Hianakoto-Umawa'' †
***'' Karihona''
**'' Kariña''
**'' Palmella'' †
**Tarano
***'' Akurio''
***'' Tiriyo''
**''Wayana''
*Karib, Southern
**Kuikuro
***''Kalapalo''
***''Kuikuro''
***''Matipu''
***'' Nahukwa''
**Pekodi
***Arara-Ikpeng
****'' Arara''
****'' Ikpeng''
***'' Bakairi''
**'' Pimenteira'' †
*Karib, Northern
**Parukoto
***'' Kashuyana''
***Parukoto, Nuclear
****'' Hishkaryana''
****''Sikiana''
****'' Waiwai''
**Purukoto
***Kapong: '' Akawayo''; '' Patamona''
***''Makushi''
***Pemon: '' Arekuna''; '' Ingariko''; '' Kamarakoto''; ''Taurepang''
***'' Purukoto''
**Venezuela
***De'kwana-Wayumara
****'' De'kwana''
****'' Wayumara''
***'' Eñepa''
***Kumana
****'' Chayma''
****'' Kumanagoto'' †
***Mapoyo-Yabarana
****'' Mapoyo''
****'' Pemono''
****'' Yabarana''
***'' Tamanaku'' †
***Yao †
****''Tiverikoto'' †
****'' Yao'' †
**Yawaperi-Paravilhana
***Sapara-Paravilhana
****'' Paravilhana''
****''Sapara''
***Yawaperi
****'' Bonari'' †
****''Waimiri-Atroari''
**Yukpa-Japreria
***'' Japreria''
***'' Yukpa''

;Kawapana
*'' Shawi''
*'' Shiwilu''

;Kechua
*Kechua I
**Kechua ''Pacaraos''
**Kechua I, Central
***Wallaga
****Kechua ''Ambo-Pasco''
****Kechua ''Cajatambo''
****Kechua ''Wallaga''
****Kechua ''Wamalies''
****Kechua ''Junin''
****Kechua ''Tusi Pasco''
***Wankay
****Kechua ''Waylla Wanka''
****Kechua ''Jauja-Wanka''
***Waylay
****Kechua ''Conchucos, Southern''
****Kechua ''Conchucos, Northern''
****Kechua ''Corongo''
****Kechua ''Waylas''
****Kechua ''Siwas''
***Yauyos
****Kechua ''Yauyos''
*Kechua II
**Kechua ''Chincha'' †
**Kechua ''Cusco, Classical'' †
**Kechua IIa
***Kechua ''Cajamarca-Lambayeque''
****Kechua ''Cajamarca''
****Kechua ''Lambayeque''
***Kechua ''Laraos-Lincha''
****Kechua ''Laraos''
****Kechua ''Lincha''
**Kechua IIb
***Kechua ''Chachapoyas''
***Kechua ''San Martin''
***Kichua, Equatorial
****''Inga''
****Kichua ''Chimborazo''
****Kichua ''Imbabura''
****Kichua ''Kañar-Loja''
****Kichua ''Napo''
****Kichua ''Pastaza''
****Kichua ''Pichincha''
****Kichua ''Salasaca''
****Kichua ''Tena''
**Kechua IIc
***Kechua ''Ayacucho''
***Kechua ''Cusco-Boliviano''
****Kechua ''Apolo''
****Kechua ''Arequipa''
****Kechua ''Boliviano''
****Kechua ''Cusco, Modern''
****Kechua ''Puno''
***Kechua ''Santiagueño''

;Lengua-Maskoy
*Lengua: '' Enlhet''; '' Enxet''
*Maskoy
**Maskoy, Southern: '' Angaite''; '' Sanapana''
**Maskoy, Northern: '' Kaskiha''; '' Maskoy''

;Macro-Arawak
*'' Kandoshi'' / '' Shapra''
*'' Muniche''
*'' Pukina'' †
*Arawak
**'' Yanesha''
**Arawak, Western
***'' Aguachile'' †
***'' Chamikuro''
***Mamoré-Paraguai
****Mamoré-Guaporé
*****Mojo-Paunaka
******Mojo: '' Ignaciano''; ''Trinitario''
******'' Paunaka''
*****Baure-Paikoneka
******Baure: '' Baure''; '' Joaquiniano''; '' Muxojeone'' †
******'' Paikoneka'' †
****Terena: '' Chane'' †; '' Guana'' †; '' Kinikinau''; ''Terena''
***Negro-Putumayo
****Jumana-Pase: '' Jumana'' †; '' Pase'' †
****'' Kaishana'' †
****Nawiki
*****'' Kabiyari''
*****Karu-Tariana
******Karu: ''Baniwa''; '' Kuripako''
******'' Tariana''
*****'' Mepuri'' †
*****Piapoko-Achagua: '' Achagua''; '' Piapoko''
*****'' Wainambu'' †
*****Warekena-Mandawaka: '' Warekena''; '' Mandawaka'' †
*****Yukuna-Wainuma: '' Mariate'' †; '' Wainuma'' †; '' Yukuna''
****'' Resigaro''
****'' Wirina'' †
***Orinoco
****Yavitero-Baniva: '' Baniva''; '' Yavitero'' †
****'' Maipure'' †
***Pre-Andine
****Ashaninka-Nomatsigenga: '' Ashaninka''
*****Ashaninka-Kakinte: '' Ashaninka''
******Ashaninka-Asheninka
*******'' Ashaninka''
*******Asheninka: '' Asheninka Pajonal''; '' Asheninka Perene''; '' Asheninka Pichis''; '' Asheninka Ucayali''; '' Ashininka''
******'' Kakinte''
*****Machiguenga-Nanti: ''Machiguenga''; '' Nanti''
*****'' Nomatsigenga''
***Purus
****'' Apurinã''
****'' Iñapari''
****Piro-Manchineri: '' Kanamare'' †; '' Kuniba'' †; '' Manchineri''; '' Mashko Piro''; '' Yine''
**Arawak, Eastern
***Lower Amazon
****Atlantic: '' Marawan'' †; '' Palikur''
****Guaporé-Tapajós
*****'' Saraveka'' †
*****Tapajós: '' Enawene-Nawe''; '' Paresi''
****Xingu
*****'' Kustenau'' †
*****Waura-Mehinako: '' Mehinaku''; '' Waura''
*****''Yawalapiti''
****'' Waraiku'' †
***Solimões-Caribbean: '' Marawan'' †; '' Palikur''
****'' Marawa'' †
****Caribbean
*****'' Kaketio'' †
*****Wayuu-Añun
******'' Añun''
******''Wayuu''
*****Lokono-Iñeri
******Iñeri: ''Garifuna''; '' Kalhiphona'' †
******''Lokono''
*****'' Shebayo'' †
*****'' Taino'' †
****Negro-Branco
*****''Arua'' †
*****'' Mainatari'' †
*****Negro
******Bare-Guinao: '' Bare''; '' Guinao'' †
******Bawana-Kariai-Manao: ''Bawana'' †; '' Kariai'' †; '' Manao'' †
******'' Yabaana'' †
*****Branco
******'' Mawayana''
******Wapishana-Parawana: '' Aroaki'' †; '' Atorada''; '' Parawana'' †; '' Wapishana''

;Macro-Mataguayo-Guaykuru
*'' Payagua'' †
*'' Guachi'' †
*Guaykuru
**'' Kadiweu''
**Qom-Abipon
***'' Abipon'' †
***Qom
****Qom, Southern: '' Mokovi''
****Qom, Northern: '' Pilaga''; ''Toba''
*Mataguayo
**Mataguayo, Western
***Chorote: '' Chorote Iyojwa'ja''; '' Chorote Iyo'wujwa''
***Wichi: '' Wichi Guisnay''; '' Wichi Nokten''; '' Wichi Vejoz''
**Mataguayo, Eastern
***''Maka''
***'' Nivakle''

;Macro-Jê
*''Borum''
*'' Ofaye''
*'' Rikbaktsa''
*''Yate''
*Bororo
**'' Bororo''
**'' Otuke'' †
**'' Umutina'' †
*Maxakali
**''Malali'' †
**Maxakali-Pataxo
***'' Maxakali''
***'' Pataxo'' †
*Kamakã †
**'' Masakara'' †
**Kamakã-Menien †
***'' Kamakã'' †
***'' Menien'' †
*Kariri †
**'' Dzubukua'' †
**'' Kipea'' †
**'' Xoko'' †
*Macro-Jê, Nuclear
**'' Besiro''
**Jeoromitxi-Arikapu: '' Arikapu''; '' Jeoromitxi''
**Karaja: '' Javae''; '' Karaja''; '' Xambioa''
**Jê
***Jê, Central
****'' Akroa'' †
****'' Xakriaba'' †
****''Xavante''
****'' Xerente''
****'' Jeiko'' †
***Jê, Southern
****Ingain: '' Ingain'' †; '' Kimda'' †
****Kaingang-Xokleng
*****Kaingang: ''Kaingang''; '' Kaingang Paulista''
*****'' Xokleng''
***Jê, Northern
****'' Apinaje''
****Kayapo: '' Mẽbengokre''; '' Xikrin''
****'' Panara''
****Suya-Tapayuna: '' Suya''; '' Tapayuna''
****Timbira: '' Apãniekra''; '' Kraho''; '' Krẽje'' †; '' Krĩkati''; '' Parkateje''; '' Pykobje''; '' Ramkokamekra''

;Mapudungun
*Mapudungun, Nuclear
**''Mapudungun''
**''Pewenche''
**'' Rankelche''
*Mapudungun, Southern: '' Williche''
*Mapudungun, Northern
**'' Pikunche'' †
**'' Chango'' †

;Moseten-Tsimane
*'' Moseten''
*'' Tsimane''

;Mura-Matanawi
*'' Matanawi'' †
*Mura-Pirahã
**Mura: '' Bohura'' †; '' Mura'' †
**'' Pirahã''

;Nambikwara
*'' Sabane''
*Nambikwara, Northern
**Guaporé: '' Mamainde''; '' Negarote''; '' Tawende''
**Roosevelt: '' Lakonde''; '' Latunde''; '' Tawande''
*Nambikwara, Southern
**Alantesu: '' Alantesu''; '' Hahãintesu''; '' Waikisu''; '' Wasusu''
**Halotesu: '' Halotesu''; '' Kithãulhu''; '' Wakalitesu''; '' Sawentesu''
**Manduka: '' Hukuntesu''; '' Niyahlosu''; '' Siwaisu''
**''Sarare''

;Otomako-Taparita †
*'' Otomako'' †
*'' Taparita'' †

;Pano-Takana
*Takana
**'' Ese Ejja''
**Kavineña-Takana
***'' Kavineña''
***Takana
****'' Araona''
****'' Maropa''
****''Takana''
*Pano
**Pano, Northern
***'' Kulina'' (Pano)
***'' Korubo''
***''Matis''
***'' Matses''
***'' Pisabo''
**Pano, Nuclear
***'' Kasharari''
***Pano, Western
****Kashibo-Kakataibo: '' Kashibo''; '' Kakataibo''
****'' Nokaman'' †
***Pano, Central
****Purus
*****'' Amawaka''
*****'' Kashinawa''
*****Yaminawa-Iskonawa-Marinawa: '' Iskonawa''; '' Marinawa''; '' Yaminawa''; '' Yawanawa''
****Jurua
*****'' Kanamari'' (Pano)
*****'' Katukina'' (Pano)
*****'' Marubo''
****Nukini-Remo
*****'' Nukini''
*****''Remo''
*****'' Poyanawa''
****Atsawaka †
*****'' Arazaeri'' †
*****'' Atsawaka'' †
*****'' Yamiaka'' †
****Chakobo
*****'' Chakobo''
*****'' Karipuna'' (Pano)
*****'' Pakawara''
****Shipibo-Kapanawa
*****'' Kapanawa''
*****Shipibo-Wariapano: '' Sensi'' †; '' Wariapano''; ''Shipibo''

;Peba-Yagua
*Peba †
**'' Peba'' †
**''Yameo'' †
*'' Yagua''

;Puinave-Nadahup
*Nadahup
**Nadëb: '' Nadëb do Rio Negro''; '' Nadëb do Roçado''
**Hup-Dâw
***'' Dâw''
***Hup
****'' Hupda''
****'' Yuhup''
*Puinave-Kak
**'' Puinave''
**Kak
***'' Kakwa''
***'' Nukak''

;Puri †
*''Coroado'' †
*''Puri'' †

;Tallan †
*'' Katakaos'' †
*''Kolan'' †

;Timote-Kuika
*'' Kuika'' †
*'' Mukuchi'' †
*'' Timote'' †

;Tinigua-Pamigua
*'' Pamigua'' †
*'' Tinigua''

;Tukano
*Tukano, Western
**'' Kueretu'' †
**Tukano, Western, Nuclear
***'' Mai Huna''
***Koreguaje-Pioje
****Koreguaje-Tama
*****'' Koreguaje''
*****'' Tama'' †
****Pioje
*****'' Makaguaje'' †
*****'' Sekoya''
*****'' Siona''
*****'' Tetete'' †
*Tukano, Eastern
**Tanimuka-Retuarã-Yahuna: '' Tanimuka''; '' Retuarã''; '' Yahuna''
**Tukano, Eastern, West
***Kubeo-Desano
****'' Kubeo''
****Desano-Yupua
*****Desano-Siriano: '' Desano''; '' Siriano''
*****'' Yupua'' †
***Makuna-Barasano-Eduria: '' Makuna''; '' Barasano''; '' Eduria''
**Tukano, Eastern, East
***Tukano-Tatuyo
****'' Tukano''
****Tatuyo-Bara-Waimaha
*****'' Tatuyo''
*****Bara-Waimaha: '' Bara''; '' Waimaha''
***Tuyuka-Wanano
****Wanano-Piratapuyu
*****'' Wanano''
*****'' Piratapuyo''
****Tuyuka-Karapanã
*****Karapanã-Pisamira: '' Karapanã''; '' Pisamira''
*****Tuyuka-Yuruti: '' Tuyuka''; '' Yuruti''

;Tupi
*Arikem
**'' Arikem'' †
**''Karitiana''
*Monde
**'' Paiter''
**Monde, Nuclear
***''Monde''
***Cinta-Larga-Zoro
****''Arua''
****'' Cinta-Larga''
****Gavião-Zoro: '' Gavião''; '' Zoro''
*Ramarama-Purubora
**'' Purubora''
**Ramarama: ''Karo''; '' Urumi''
*Tupari
**'' Makurap''
**Tupari, Nuclear
***Sakurabiat-Akuntsu
****''Akuntsu''
****'' Sakurabiat''
***'' Kepkiriwat'' †
***'' Tupari''
***'' Wayoro''
*Tupi, Nuclear
**Juruna
***'' Juruna''
***'' Manitsawa'' †
***'' Shipaya''
**Munduruku
***'' Kuruaya''
***''Munduruku''
**Mawe-Aweti-Tupi-Guarani
***'' Satere-Mawe''
***Aweti-Tupi-Guarani
****''Aweti''
****Tupi-Guarani
*****'' Kamayura''
*****Kaapor-Ava
******'' Ava-Canoeiro''
******Kaapor: '' Anambe'' †; '' Aura''; '' Guaja''; '' Takuñape'' †; '' Urubu-Kaapor''
*****Akwawa-Arawete
******Akwawa-Tapirape
*******Akwawa: '' Asurini do Tocantins''; '' Parakanã''; '' Surui'' (Tupi-Guarani)
*******'' Tapirape''
******Arawete-Asurini
*******Arawete: '' Amanaye'' †; '' Anambe''; '' Ararandewara'' †; '' Arawete''
*******'' Asurini do Xingu''
*****Tupi-Guarani, Nuclear
******Tenetehara: ''Guajajara''; '' Tembe''; '' Turiwara'' †
******Kawahib-Kayabi
*******'' Apiaka''
*******'' Juma''
*******'' Kayabi''
*******Kawahib: ''Amondawa''; '' Karipuna'' (Tupi); '' Parintintin''; '' Piripkura''; '' Tukumanfed'' †; '' Uruewauwau''; '' Wirafed''
******Tupi-Guarani, Diasporic
*******Guarani-Guarayu-Siriono
********Guarayu: '' Guarayu''; ''Pauserna''
********Siriono: '' Siriono''; '' Jora'' †; '' Yuki''
********Guarani
*********''Ache''
*********Guarani: '' Guarani, Classical'' †; ''Chiriguano''; '' Chiripa''
*********Central: '' Guarani Paraguaio''
*********Western: '' Guarani Boliviano''; '' Tapiete''
*********Eastern: '' Kayowa''; '' Mbya''; '' Ñandeva''; '' Pai Tavytera''; '' Sheta''
*******Tupinamba-Kokama
********Kokama-Omagua: '' Kokama''; '' Kokamilla''; ''Omagua''
********Tupi: ''Tupi'' †; ''Tupi Austral'' †
********Tupinamba: ''Nhengatu''; '' Tupinamba'' †
********Wayampi: '' Emerillon''; ''Wayampi''; '' Zo'e''

;Uru-Chipaya
*'' Chipaya''
*'' Murato''
*''Uru'' / ''Uchumataqu''

;Warpe †
*'' Allentiak'' †
*'' Millkayak'' †

;Witoto-Okaina
*Okaina: '' Okaina''
*Witoto
**'' Witoto Nüpode''
**Minika-Murui
***'' Witoto-Minika''
***'' Witoto-Murui''
**''Nonuya''

;Yanomami
*'' Sanuma''
*''Yanam''
*Yanomami, Central
**Yanomami-Yanomamï: ''Yanomam''; '' Yanomamï''
**'' Yaroame''

;Zamuko
*Ayoreo: ''Ayoreo''; ''Zamuko'' †
*Chamakoko
**'' Tomaraho''
**'' Ïbïtoso''

;Zaparo
*Zaparo, Western
**'' Arabela''
**'' Zaparo''
*Zaparo, Eastern
**'' Kawarano''
**'' Ikito''

;Isolates
*'' Aikanã''
*'' Andaki'' †
*'' Arara do Rio Branco''
*'' Arutani''
*'' Atakame'' †
*''Atikum'' †
*'' Aushiri'' †
*'' Chono'' †
*''Guamo'' †
*'' Guato''
*'' Gününa Këna''
*'' Iranche''/ Myky''
*''Itonama language, Itonama''
*''Kakan language, Kakan'' †
*''Kamsa language, Kamsa''
*''Kañari language, Kañari'' †
*''Kanichana language, Kanichana''
*''Kanoe language, Kanoe''
*''Kawesqar language, Kawesqar''
*''Kayuvava language, Kayuvava''
*''Kerandi language, Kerandi'' †
*''Kimbaya language, Kimbaya'' †
*''Kingnam language, Kingnam'' †
*''Kofan language, Kofan''
*''Komechingon language, Komechingon'' †
*''Koraveka language, Koraveka'' †
*''Kueva language, Kueva'' †
*''Kulle language, Kulle'' †
*''Kunza language, Kunza'' †
*''Kuruminaka language, Kuruminaka'' †
*''Kwaza language, Kwaza''
*''Leco language, Leko''
*''Lule language, Lule'' †
*''Máku language, Máku'' †
*''Malibu language, Malibu'' †
*''Mochika language, Mochika'' †
*''Mokana language, Mokana'' †
*''Morike language, Morike'' †
*''Movima language, Movima''
*''Muzo-Kolima language, Muzo-Kolima'' †
*''Omurano language, Omurano''
*''Oti language, Oti'' †
*''Paez language, Paez''
*''Panche language, Panche'' †
*''Pijao language, Pijao'' †
*''Puruha language, Puruha'' †
*''Sanaviron language, Sanaviron'' †
*''Sape language, Sape''
*''Sechura language, Sechura'' †
*''Tarairiu language, Tarairiu'' †
*''Taruma language, Taruma''
*''Taushiro language, Taushiro''
*''Tekiraka language, Tekiraka''
*''Trumai language, Trumai''
*''Tuxa language, Tuxa'' †
*''Umbra language, Umbra''
*''Urarina language, Urarina''
*''Vilela language, Vilela''
*''Waorani language, Waorani''
*''Warao language, Warao''
*''Xukuru language, Xukuru'' †
*''Yagan language, Yagan''
*''Yaruro language, Yaruro''
*''Yurakare language, Yurakare''
*''Yurumangui language, Yurumangui'' †
*''Zenu language, Zenu'' †

Campbell (2012)

Lyle Campbell (2012) proposed the following list of 53 uncontroversial indigenous language families and 55 isolates of South America – a total of 108 independent families and isolates.

;Aikaná (Aikanã, Huarí, Warí, Masaká, Tubarão, Kasupá, Mundé, Corumbiara)
*(dialect: Masaká [Massaca, Massaka, Masáca])

;Andaquí †

;Andoque (Andoke, Cho’oje, Patsiaehé)

;Arawakan (Arahuacan, Maipurean, Maipuran)
*Northern Arawakan (Upper Amazon, Maritime, and Eastern branches)
**Upper Amazon branch
***Western Nawiki sub-branch
****Wainumá group
*****Wainumá † (Waima, Wainumi, Waiwana, Waipa, Yanuma)
*****Mariaté †
*****Anauyá †
****Piapoco group
*****Achagua (Ajagua, Xagua)
*****Piapoco
*****Amarizana †
****Cabiyarí (Caviyarí, Kaviyarí, Cabiuarí, Cauyarí, Cuyare)
****Warekena group
*****Guarequena (Warekena, Guarenquena, Arequena)
*****Mandahuaca (Mandawaka, Mandauaca, Maldavaca, Ihini, Arihini, Maldavaca, Cunipusana, Yavita, Mitua)
****Río Negro group †
*****Jumana †
*****Pasé †
*****Kawishana † (Cawishana, Kaiwishana, Kayuwishana)
****Yucuna (Jukuna) (dialects or languages)
*****Yucuna (Chucuna, Matapí) [Jukuna]
*****Garú † (Guarú)
***Eastern Nawiki sub-branch
****Tariana (Tariano, Tarîna, Taliáseri)
****Karu (dialects or languages)
****Ipeka-Kurripako (dialects or language)
****Karútana-Baniwa (Baniva) dialect group
****Katapolítani-Moriwene-Mapanai (dialects or language)
****Resígaro
***Central Upper Amazon sub-branch
****Baré group
*****Marawá †
*****Baré (Bare, Ihini, Barawana, Barauna, Barauana, Arihini, Maldavaca, Cunipusana, Yavita, Mitua), Guinao † (Guinaú) (Aikhenvald [1999a: 71] mentions Guinau with Bare.)
****Yavitero group
*****Yavitero † (Yavitano)
*****Baniva †
*****Maipure † Aikhenvald [1999a: 71] gives Yavitero and Baniwa of Yavita as alternative names for a single language.)
****Manao group
*****Manao †
*****Kariaí †
***Arawakan Upper-Amazon branch languages of uncertain grouping
****Waraikú †
****Yabaána † (Jabaana, Yabarana)
****Wiriná †
****Xiriâna † (Shiriana)
**Maritime branch (Caribbean)
***Aruán † (Aruá, Aroã)
***Mawayana (Mahuayana, Madipian)
***Wapixana (Wapishana, Wapixiána, Wapisiana, Uapixana, Vapidiana) (dialects or languages) (dialects: Amariba, Atorai)
***Ta-Maipurean sub-branch
****Taíno † Caribbean
****Guajiro group
*****Guajiro (Goahiro, Goajiro, Guajira, Wayuunaiki, Wayuu)
*****Paraujano (Añún) (dialects: Alile, Toa)
*****Arawak (Locono, Lokono, Aruak, Arowak)
*****Iñeri (Igneri, Island Carib) (dialects or languages)
*****Kalhíphona † (Island Carib)
*****Garífuna (Black Carib)
**Eastern branch
***Palikur (Palikour, Palicur, Palijur) (dialects or languages)
***Palikur
***Marawán-Karipurá †
*Southern division
**Western branch
***Amuesha (Amuese, Amoesha, Amueixa, Amoishe, Amagues, Amage, Omage, Amajo, Lorenzo, Amuetamo, Amaje, Yanesha)
***Chamicuro (Chamicura, Chamicolo)
**Central branch
***Paresí group
****Paresí (Parecís, Paretí, Haliti)
****Saraveca † (Sarave)
***Waurá group
****Waurá-Meinaku (Uara, Aura, Mahinacu)
****Yawalapití (Jaulapiti, Yaulapiti)
****Custenau † (Kustenau)
**Southern Outlier branch
***Terena (Tereno, Terêna, Etelena, Guaná, Chané, Kinikinao) (dialects: Kinikanao, Etelena [Terena], Guaná)
***Mojo group
****Mojo (Morocosi, Mojeño, Moxeño, Moxo) (dialects or languages)
****Ignaciano
****Trinitario (dialects: Loreto [Loretano], Javierano])
****Bauré (Chiquimiti, Joaquiniano may be a dialect of Bauré)
****Paunaca (Pauna-Paicone [Paiconeca])
***Piro group
****Piro (dialects: Chontaquiro, Maniteneri, Maxineri)
****Iñapari (Inamarí) (dialects: Inapari/Inamarí, Cuchitineri [Kushitineri], Cuniba)
****Kanamaré † (Canamaré)
****Apuriná (Apurinã, Ipuriná, Kangite [Cangaiti], Popengare)
**Campa branch – (Campa dialects or languages)
***Ashéninka (Ashéninga)
***Asháninka (Asháninga)
***Caquinte (Kakinte)
***Pajonal Ashéninka (Pajonal Campa)
***Machiguenga (Matsiguenga, Matsigenka) (dialects: Caquinte [Poyenisate], Nomatsiguenga [Atiri], Machiguenga)
***Nomatsigenga
***Nanti
*Other Arawakan languages too scantily known to determine to which branch of the family they belong:
**Cumeral (Ethnologue)
**Shebaya † (Shebayo, Shebaye) Trinidad (David Payne 1991: 366–367)
**Lapachu (Apolista, Aguachile)
**Morique † (Morike)
**Ponares (Ethnologue)
**Omejes (Ethnologue)
**Salumã (Rodrigues 1986: 72)
**Tomedes (Tamudes)

;Arawan (Arauán, Arahuan, Arawa)
*Paumarí (Purupurú, Pamarí, Palmarí, Curucuru) (dialects: Kurukuru, Uaiai, Paumarí [Pammari])
*Madi (Jarawara [Jarauára, Jaruára], Jamamadi, Banawá [Banivá, Baniwá-Jafí, Kitiya, Banavá, Banauá, Jafí])
*Zuruahá (Suruahá, Sorowahá)
*Dení-Kulina
**Dení (dialect: Inauini)
**Culina (Kulína; Madihá, Madija, Corina)
*Arawá † (Arua, Arauan)

;Atacameño † (Cunza, Kunza, Atacama, Lipe Lican Antai)
*(local varieties: Apatama, Casabindo, Churumata, Cochinoca)

;Awaké (Ahuaqué, Oewacu, Arutani, Uruák)

;Aymaran (Jaqi, Aru)
*Southern Aymara
*Central Aymara (Tupe branch) (dialects: Jaqaru and Cauqui [Kawki])

;Baenan † (Baena, Baenño)

;Barbacoan
*Northern group
**Awan (Awa)
***Awa Pit (Cuaiquer, Coaiquer, Kwaiker, Awa)
***Pasto-Muellama
****Muellama † (Muellamués)
****Pasto †
**Coconucan (Guambiano-Totoró)
***Guambiano (Mogües, Moguez, Moguex, Wam, Misak, Guambiano-Moguez, Namdrik)
**Totoró (Totoro, Polindara)
**Coconuco † (Kokonuko, Cauca, Wanaka)
*Southern group
**Cha’palaachi (Cayapa, Chachi, Nigua)
**Tsafiki (Colorado, Colima, Campaz, Tsáchela, Tsachila, Tsafiqui)
;Extinct: Barbacoa; Cara (Kara, Caranqui, Karanki, Imbaya); Pasto (Muellamués [Muellama]), Sindagua (Malla), and Coconuco

;Betoi † (Betoy, Jirarra, Jirarru)
*(dialects: Airico, Betoi, Ele, Jirara, Lolaca, Situfa)

;Boran (Bora-Muinane)
*Bora (Boro, Meamuyna; Miriña/Miranha)
*Muinane (Muinane Bora, Muinani, Muename)

;Bororoan
*Eastern Bororo (Bororo proper, Boe)
*Western Bororo
*Umutina † (Umotina, Barbado)
*Otuque † (Otuké, Otuqui, Louxiru) (dialects: Coraveca [Corave, Curave, Ecorabe], Curuminaca, Curumina, Curucaneca, Curucane, Tapii)

;Cahuapanan (Jebero, Kawapanan, Kahuapanan; earlier called Maina, Mainan)
*Cahuapana † (Cuncho, Chuncho, Concho, Chonzo)
*Chayahuita (Chawi, Chayabita, Chayhuita, Balsopuertino, Paranapura, Cahuapa
*Chayawita, Tshaahui, Tsaawí, Chayabita, Shayabit, Balsapuertino
*Paranapura)
*Jebero (Xebero, Chebero, Xihuila, Shiwilu)

;Camsá (Sibundoy, Sebondoy, Coche, Kamsá, Kamemtxa, Kamse, Camëntsëá, Mocoa, Quillacinga)

;Cañar-Puruhá †
*Cañar † (Cañari)
*Puruhá † (Puruguay)

;Candoshi (Candoxi, Maina, Kandoshi, Shapra, Murato, Roamaina)
*(dialects: Shapra [Chapara], Kandoshi)

;Canichana † (Canesi, Kanichana, Canisiana)

;Cariban
*Venezuelan branch (Gildea 2003)
**Pemóng-Panare macro-group
***Pemóng group (Kapóng [Akawaio, Patamuna, Ingarikó], Makushi, Pemón [Taurepang, Kamarakóto, Arekuna])
***Panare
**Mapoyo-Tamanaku macro-group
***Mapoyo/Yawarana (Mapoyo, Wanai, Yawarana, Pémono)
***Tamanaku †
**Pekodian branch
****Bakairí
****Arara group: Arara (Parirí), Ikpéng (Txikão)
*Subgroups not yet classified in possible larger subgroups in the family:
**Kumaná † (Chaima †, Cumanagota †)
**Makiritare (De’kwana, Ye’kwana, Maiongong)
**Nahukwa group: Kuikúru, Kalapalo
**Parukotoan group
***Katxúyana (Kaxuiâna, Shikuyana, Warikyana)
***Waiwai subgroup: Waiwai (Wabui, Tunayana), Hixkaryana
**Taranoan group
***Tiriyo subgroup: Akuriyo, Tiriyo, Trio
***Karihona (Carijona)
**Yukpa group: Yukpa, Japréria
*Languages not yet classified within possible subgroups:
**Apalaí
**Kari’nja (Carib, Kalinya, Cariña, Galibi)
**Waimirí Atroarí
**Wayana

;Cayuvava † (Cayuwaba, Cayubaba, Kayuvava)

;Chapacuran (Chapakuran, Txapakuran)
*Itene group (Central Chapacuran)
**Wanham (Wañam, Wanyam, Huanyam)
**Kumaná (Torá, Toraz, Cumana, Cautario) [Abitana-Kumaná]
**Kabixí (Cabishi, Cabichí, Habishi, Parecís, Pawumwa)
**Itene (Iteneo, Iténez, Moré)
*Wari group (Southern Chapacuran)
**Quitemo † (Quitemoca) [Kitemo-Nape]
**Chapacura † (Huachi, Wachi, Tapacura, Chapakura)
**Urupá-Jarú (Txapakura; Yaru, Jaru, Ituarupa)
**Orowari (Pakaás-novos, Pacasnovas, Pacaha-novo, Uariwayo, Uomo, Jaru, *Oro Wari)
**Oro Win

;Charrúan †
*Charrúa †
*Güenoa † (Minuane)
*Chaná †

;Chibchan
*Paya (Pech)
*Core Chibchan
**Votic
***Rama (Melchora, Voto, Boto, Arama, Arrama)
***Guatuso (Malecu)
**Isthmic
***Western Isthmic
****Viceitic
*****Cabécar (Chirripó, Tucurrique, Estrella)
*****Bribri (Viceíta)
****Teribe (Térraba, Tiribí, Tirub)
****Boruca † (Brunca)
***Doracic
****Dorasque † (Chumulu, Gualaca)
****Chánguena † (Chánguina, Chánguene)
***Eastern Isthmic
****Guaymíic
*****Movere (Move, Guaymí, Penonomeño, Ngawbere/Ngäbere) (dialects: Inland Bocas del Toro, Coastal Bocas del Toro, Chiriquí)
*****Bocotá (Murire, Muoi, Guaymí Sabanero, Movere Sabanero)
****Cuna (Cueva, Paya-Pocuro, Kuna)
**Magdalenic
***Southern Magdalenic
****Chibcha
*****Muisca † (Mosca, Chibcha)
*****Duit †
****Tunebo (Uwa, Uw Cuwa; Tame, Sínsiga, Tegría, Pedraza) (dialects: Cobaría, Tegría, Agua Blanca, Barro Negro)
****Barí (Motilón, Dobocubí, Cunaguasaya)
***Northern Magdalenic
****Arhuacic
*****Cogui (Cágaba, Kogi, Kogui, Coghui, Kagaba)
*****Eastern-Southern Arhuacic
*****Eastern Arhuacic
*****Damana (Guamaca, Sanká, Sanhá, Arsario, Malayo, Marocasero, Wiwa)
*****Kankuama (Atanques)
*****Ica (Bíntucua, Ika, Arhuaco, Bintuk)
*****Chimila (Chamila, Caca Weranos, San Jorge, Shimizya)
*Unclassified:
**Huetar †
**Antioqueño † (two varieties: Nutabe and Catío [not to be confused with the Emberá (Chocoan) variety called Catío]).

;Chipaya-Uru (Uru-Chipaya, Uruquilla)
*Chipaya (erroneously earlier also called “Puquina”)
*Uru (Uru of Iru-Itu, Uchumataqu, Iru-Wit’u, Uro)
*Chholo † (Murato)

;Chiquitano (Besïro, Chiquito, Tarapecosi)
*(dialects: Besïro [or Lomerío], Concepción, San Javier [Javierano], San Miguel, Santiago, Churapa, Sansimoniano, Tao)

;Chocoan
*Waunana (Noanamá, Huaunana, Woun Meu, Waun Meo, Waumeo, Wounmeu, Wounaan, Noanama, Noenama, Nonama, Chocama, Chanco)
*Emberá dialect continuum (Catío, Chamí, Napipí River, Saija, Sambú)
**Southern Emberá
**Northern Emberá (Emperã, Eberã Bed’ea, Eperã Pedea, Atrato, Darién, Dariena, Panama Embera, Eberã, Cholo [Choco])

;Cholonan † (Hibito-Cholon)
*Cholón † (Seeptsá, Tinganeses, Cholona)
*Híbito † (Hibito, Xibito, Xibita, Jibito, Chibito, Zibito, Ibito, Xibitoana)

;Chonan (Tehuelchean, Chon family)
*Chonan proper
**Island Chonan
***Ona † (Selknam, Selk’nam, Shelknam, Aona)
***Haush † (Manekenken)
**Continental Chonan
***Tehuelche (Aoniken, Aonek’enk, Inaquen, Patagón)
***Teushen † (Tehues, Patagón)
***Patagón Costero †
*Gününa-Küne † (Gennaken, Northern Tehuelche, Puelche, Pampa, Gününa Yajich)

;Chono †

;Cofán (Kofan, A’ingaé)

;Culle † (Culli, Ilinga, Linga)

;Esmeralda † (Esmeraldeño, Tacame)

;Gamela † (Barbados, Curinsi, Acobu)

;Guach’ †

;Guaicuruan (Waikuruan, Waykuruan)
*Kadiwéu (Caduveo, Mbayá, Ediu-Adig)
*Southern Guaicuruan
**Pilagá (Pilaca)
**Toba (Qom, Namqom)
**Mocoví (Mocobí)
**Abipón †

;Guajiboan (Guahiboan)
*Guajibo (Guahibo, Guaybo, Sikuani, Sicuani, Guajibo, Goahibo, Guaigua, Guayba, Wahibo, Goahiva, Hiwi) (dialects: Guahibo [Sikuani], Amorua [Rio Tomo Guahibo], Tigrero)
*Cuiva (Cuiba, Cuiba-Wámonae) (dialects: Chiricoa, Masiware [Masiguare], Chiripo [Wupiwi, Siripu], Yarahuuraxi-Capanapara, Mayayero, Mochuelo-Casanare-Cuiba, Tampiwi [Mariposas], Amaruwa [Amorua], Mella, Ptamo, Sicuane [Sicuari])
*Churuya †
*Guayabero (Cunimía, Jiw, Mítus, Mítua)

;Guamo †

;Guató

;Harákmbut-Katukinan
*Harákmbut (Harakmbet, Hate, Tuyoneri, “Mashco”)
**(several dialects in two clusters: (1) Huachipaeri, Toyoeri (Tuyoneri, Tuyuneri); (2) Amaracaeri [Amarakaeri], Sapiteri, Arasaeri)
*Katukinan (Catuquinan)
**Katukina (Catuquina, Katukina do Jutaí) (dialect: Cutiadapa [Kutia-Dyapa])
**Dyapá (Southern Katukinan, Tshom-Djapá [Txunhuã-Djapá], Canamarí, Kanamarí) (perhaps the same as Tucundiapa (Tucano Dyapa, Hondiapa/Hon-Dyapá)])
**Katawixí (Catawixi, Catauixi, Catawishi, Catauichi)

;Huarpean † (Warpean)
*Huarpe † (Allentiac)
*Millcayac †

;Irantxe (Iranxe, Iranche, Iranshe, Mynky, Münkü, Menki, Manoki, Myky) (dialects: Münkü [Mynky, Menku, Menkü, Myy], Irántxe)

;Itonama (Saramo, Machoto)

;Jabutían (Yabutían)
*Jabutí (Yabutí, Jabotí, Djeoromitxí, Kipiu, Quipiu)
*Arikapú (Maxubí, Aricapú)

;Jêan (Gêan, Jê family)
*Northeastern Jê (Northern Jê)
**Timbíra (Canela [Kanela], Krenjé, Krahó, Pykobyê)
**Kreen-Akarore (Ipewí, Kren-Akarore, Creen-Acarore, Panará)
**Apinajé (Apinayé)
**Kayapó (Cayapó, Kokairmoro) (dialects: Xikrin (Xukru, Diore), Kararaó, Kayapó-Kradaú)
**Suyá (dialects: Beiço de Pau (Tapayuna), Yaruma (Jarumá, Waiku))
*Central Jê (Akwe branch)
**Xavánte (Shavante, Chavante, A’uwe, A’we, Uptabi, Akuên, Akwen, Crisca, Pusciti, Tapacua)
**Akroá † (Akroá-Mirim, Acroá, Koroá, Coroá)
**Xerénte (Sherenté, Xerenti)
**Xakriabá † (Chicriaba, Chakriaba, Shacriaba, Chikriaba)
*Southern Jê
**Kaingang (Coroado, Coroados, Caingang, Bugre) (dialects: Paraná Kaingang, Central Kaingang, Southwest Kaingang, Southeast Kaingang)
**Xokléng (Shocleng, Aweikoma, Bugre, Botocudos)
**Ingáin † (Tains, Tain)
**Wayaná † (Guayaná, Guayana, Gualachí, Guanhanan)

;Jirajaran †
*Jirajara †
*Ayomán † (Ayamán)
*Gayón † (Coyón)

;Jivaroan
*Shuar (Jívaro, Maina, Jíbaro)
*Aguaruna (Aguajun, Ahuajun)
*Achuar (Achual, Achuar-Shiwiar)
*Huambisa

;Jotí (Yoana, Yuana, Yuwana, Waruwaru [Waruwádu], Chicano, Chikano, Joti, Jodi, Hotí, Hodï)

;Kaliana (Sapé, Calianá, Cariana, Chirichano)

;Kamakanan †
*Kamakán † (Camacán)
**Kamakán † (Kamakã, Camacán, Ezeshio)
**Mongoyó † (Mangaló, Monshoko)
**Kotoxó † (Kutaxó, Catashó, Cotoxó, Catathóy)
*Menién † (Manyã)
*Masakará † (Masacará)

;Kapixaná (Kanoê, Capixana)

;Karajá (Caraja, Xambioá, Chamboa, Ynã, Karayá)
*Karajá-Xambioá † (Chamboa, Ynã)
*Javaé (Javaje, Javae)

;Karirían † (Karirí family)
*Kipeá † (Karirí, Kirirí)
*Dzubukuá † (Kiriri, Dzubucua)
*Sabuyá † (Sapoyá)
*Kamurú † (Camurú, Pedra Branca)

;Krenakan (Botocudoan, Aimoré language complex)
*Krenak (Botocudo, Aimoré, Nakrehé, Nakpié, Naknyanúk, Etwet, Minyãyirún, Yiporók, Pojitxá, Potén, Krekmún, Bakuén, Aranã, Batachoa, Crenaque)
*Guêren † (Guerén, Gren, Borun, Borúm)

;Kwaza (Koayá, Koaiá, Quaiá, Arara)

;Leco † (Lapalapa, Leko, Rik’a, Ateniano)

;Lule-Vilelan †
*Lule †
*Vilela( †)

;Máko † (Maco, Makú, Macu)

;Makúan (Makú family, Makú-Puinavean, Puinavean, Vaupés-Japura, Nadahup family, Guaviaré-Japurá family)
*Eastern Makúan
**Nadëb branch
***Roçando Nadëb
***Rio Negro Nadëb
**Dâw-Hupda-Yuhup
***Dâw (Kamã, Kamã Makú, Kamarada, Makú-Kamarada)
***Hupda-Yuhup
****Hup (Hupda, Hupdë, Hupdá Makú, Macú de Tucano, Ubdé) (dialects: Hupdë, Tuhup, Nëhup)
****Yuhup (Makú-Yahup, Yëhup, Yahup, Yahup Makú, “Maku”)
*Western Makúan
**Kakua group
***Kakua (Cacua, Bará, Macu de Cubeo, Macu de Guanano, Macu de Desano, Báda, Kákwa) (dialects: Vaupés Cacua, Macú-Paraná Cacua)
***Nukak
**Puinave (Wonsüht, Wãnsöhöt)

;Mapudungun (Mapudungu, Araucano, Mapuche, Maputongo, Chiledugu, “Auca”)

;Mascoyan (Mascoian, Maskoyan, Lengua-Mascoy, Enlhet-Enenlhet)

;Matacoan (Mataco-Mataguayan, Mataguayan)
*Chorote (Chorotí, Manjuy) (dialects: Iyo’wujwa, Yohwaha, Manjuy)
*Nivaclé (Niwaklé, Chulupí, Ashlushlay) Paraguay
*Maká (Macá, Enimaca, Enimaga)
*Wichí (Mataco, Mataguayo, Weenhayek) (dialects: Nocten, Güisnay [Pilcomayo Wichí], Vejos [Vejoz, Aiyo, Hueshuo])

;Matanauí † (Matanawí, Mitandua, Moutoniway)

;Maxakalían
*Maxakalí (Mashakali, Maxacari)
*Kapoxó † (Capoxo, Caposho)
*Monoxó † (Monoshó, Monachobm, Menacho)
*Makoní † (Maconí)
*Malalí †
*Pataxó † (Pataxó-Hanhanhain, Patasho)

;Mochica † (Yunga, Yunca, Chimú, Mochica, Muchic)

;Mosetenan (Mosetén-Chiname)
*Chimane (Chiman, Tsimane, Chumano, Nawazi-Moñtji)
*Mosetén (Rache, Muchan, Tucupi, Aparono)

;Movima (Mobima, Moyma, Movime)

;Munichi † (Muniche, Munichino, Otanabe)

;Muran
*Mura †
*Pirahã (Pirahá)
*Bohurá † (Buxwaray)
*Yahahí †

;Nambikwaran (Nambicuaran, Nambiquaran, Nambikuaran)
*Mamaindê (Northern Nambiquara, Mamande, Nakarothe) (dialects: Mamaindé, Negarotê, Tawanxte, Taxmainite, Taxwensite, Yalapmunxte [Lacondê, Latundê])
*Southern Nambikuaran
**Nambiquara (Nambikwara) (dialects: Manduka, Khithaulhu, Halotesu, Saxwentesu, Wakalitesu, Serra Azul, Hahaintesu, Wasusu, Alatesu, Waikisu, Galera)
**Kithãulhú (Southern Nambiquara) (dialect complex: Kabishi, Nambiquara, etc.)
**Sararé
*Sabané (Sabanés)

;Natú † (Peagaxinan)

;Ofayé † (Opayé, Ofayé-Xavante, Opaié-Shavante, Ofaié)

;Omurano † (Humurana, Numurana)

;Otomacoan †
*Otomaco †
*Taparita †

;Paezan
*Paez (Nasa Yuwe, Paisa)
*Paniquitá
*(?) Panzaleo † (Latacunga, Quito)

;Pankarurú † (Pancararu, Pancarurú, Brancararú, Pankarará, Pankarú, Pancaru, Pancaré, Pankaravu, Pankaroru)

;Pano-Takanan
*Panoan
**Mayoruna branch
***Mayo group
****Matses
****Korubo (Chankuëshbo as co-dialect)
****Dëmushbo
****Kulina
***Matis
**Mainline branch
***Kasharari
**Core Mainline branch
***Kashibo (Kakataibo as co-dialect)
***Nawa group
****Chakobo; (Pakawara as co-dialect)
****Marubo subgroup
*****Marubo
*****Katukina
****Poyanawa subgroup
*****Poyanawa
*****Iskonawa
*****Nukini
****Shipibo (with Konibo and Kapanawa as co-dialects)
****Headwaters subgroup
*****Kashinawa
*****Amawaka
*****Yaminawa (dialects: Sharanawa, Yawanawa, Shanenawa [Katukina de Feijó], Shawanawa [Arara], Mastanawa, Marinawa)
*Takanan
**Takana group
***Tacana (Tupamasa)
***Reyesano (San Borjano, Maropa)
***Araona (Carina, Cavina)
***Cavineña
**Chama group
***Ese’ejja (Ese’eha, Ese Ejja, Ese Exa, Tiatinagua, Chama, Tambopata-Guarayo, Huarayo, Guacanawa, Chuncho, “Chama”)
***Toromona † (Toromono)

;Payaguá †

;Puquina † (Pukina)

;Purían † (Puri-Coroado)
*Purí † (Coroado)
*Koropó † (Coropa)

;Qawasqaran (Alacalufan)
*Qawasqar (Northern Alacaluf, Alacaluf, Kaweskar, Kawésqar, Kawaskar, Aksánas) (dialects: Kawésqar, Tawókser)
*Alacaluf (Central Alacaluf, Hekaine)
*Southern Alacaluf (Halakwalup, Pecheré)

;Quechuan
*Central Quechua (Huaihuash [Waywash]/Quechua I)
**Pacaraos
**Central Quechua
***“Waylay” (Huailay, North)
****Huaylas (Ancash)
****Conchucos
**Ap-am-ah
***Alto Pativilca
***Alto Marañón
***Alto Huallaga (Huánuco)
**“Wankay” (Huancay, South)
***Yaru (Tarma, Junín)
***Jauja-Huanca (Jauja, Huaycha Huanca, Huaylla Huanca [Huancayo])
***Huangascar-Topará
*Peripheral Quechua (Huampuy/Quechua II)
**“Yungay” (Quechua IIA)
***Central
****Laraos
****Lincha
****Apurí
****Chocos
****Madeán
***Northern
****Cañaris-Incahuasi
****Cajamarca
**“Chinchay” (Quechua IIB-C)
***Northern
****Chachapoyas (Amazonas)
****San Martín
****Loreto
****Ecuador
***Southern
****Southern Peruvian Quechua
****Ayacucho
****Cuzco
****Puno
****Northern Bolivian Quechua
****Southern Bolivian Quechua
****Santiago del Estero Quichua (“Cusco”)
****Catamarca-La Rioja Quichua †

;Rikbaktsá (Aripaktsá, Erikbatsa, Erikpatsa, Canoeiro)

;Sabela (Huao, Wao, Auca, Huaorani, Huarani, Waorani, Auishiri)

;Sáliban (Sálivan, Sáliba-Piaroan)
*Sáliva (Sáliba)
*Piaroa (Piaroa-Maco, Wothüha, Guagua, Quaqua)
*Mako

;Sechura-Catacaoan † (Sec)
*Sechura †
*Tallán † (Atalán)
**(varieties: Colán and Catacaos)

;Taruma (Taruamá)

;Taushiro (Pinchi, Pinche)

;Tequiraca (Tekiraka, Aushiri, Auishiri, Avishiri, Avixiri, Abiquira, Abishira, Abigira, Agouisiri, Ixignor, Vacacocha)

;Tikuna-Yurí
*Tikuna (Ticuna, Tukuna, Tucuna)
*Yurí (Jurí, Yuri, Xurúpixuna)

;Timotean † (Timote-Cuica)
*Timote-Cuica † (Miguri, Cuica)
*Mucuchí-Maripú † (Mocochí; Mirripú)

;Tiniguan †
*Tinigua (Timigua)
*Pamigua † [Pamiwa]

;Trumai (Trumaí, Tramalhy)

;Tukanoan (Tucanoan)
*Western Tukanoan
**Coreguaje (Koreguaje, Caquetá, Correguaje, Ko’reuaju, Chaocha Pai)
**Siona-Secoya
***Macaguaje † (Makawahe, Piojé)
***Secoya (Piohé, Siona-Secoya)
***Siona
**Teteté † (Eteteguaje) (possibly a dialect of Siona)
**Orejón (Maijuna, Coto, Koto, Payoguaje, Payaguá, Payagua, Mai Ja, Oregon, Orechon, Tutapi) (dialect: Nebaji)
**Retuarã (Letuama, Tanimuca-Retuarã)
**Yahuna (Jaúna, Yauna)
**Tama †
*Eastern Tukanoan
**Cubeo (Kubeo, Pamié, Cuveo, Cubeu, Kobeua, Kobewa, Kubwa, Kobéwa, Hehenawa, Pamiwa)
**Miriti † (Miriti-Tapuyo, Neenoá)
**Macuna (Makuna, Buhagana, Baigana, Wuhána, Jepa-Matsi, Yepá-Mahsá, Yehpá Majsá, Yepá Maxsã, Yebamasã, Paneroa, Wahana, Makuna-Erulia)
**Yupuá-Duriña † (Yupua, Sokó, Uri, Duriña)
**Kueretú † (Cueretú, Coretú, Curetú)
**Desano-Siriano
**Bará-Tuyuka (Barasano, Tuyuca)
**Carapano (Karapaná, Karapano, Carapana-Tapuya, Tatuyo, Mochda, Moxdoa, Mextã)
**Tucano (Tukano, Dasea, Daxsea) (dialects: Yohoraa [Curaua], Wasona [Uasona])
**Wanano-Piratapuyo (Guanano, Wanâna, Uanana, Anana, Kótedia, Kótirya, Kotiria; Wanana, Waikena, Waikina, Uiquina, Waikino, Pira-Tapuya, Uaikena, Uaicana, Waikhara, Waina, Uaiana, Uainana, Urubu-Tapuya)
**Arapaso † (Arapaço, Arapasso, Koneá)

;Tupían
*Western Tupían
**Arikém subfamily
***Arikém (Ariquême)
***Kabixiána
***Karitiána (Caritiana)
**Mondéan subfamily
***Paitér (Suruí, Suruí do Jiparaná, Suruí de Rondônia, Surui Paiter)
***Cinta-larga
***Gavião (Digüt, Ikõrõ, Gavião do Jiparaná)
***Zoró
***Mondé (Sanamaikã [Sanamaicá], Salamãi)
***Aruá (Aruaxi, Aruashí)
**Puruborá (Boruborá, Puruba, Aurã, Pumbora, Puroborá, Burubora, Kuyubi, Cujubi, Migueleno, Miguelenho)
**Ramaráman subfamily
***Káro (Arara, Urukú)
***Ramaráma (Itogapúk, Ntogapíd)
***Urumí
**Tuparían subfamily
***Tuparí
***Kepkiriwát (Quepiquiriuate, Kepikiriwat, Kepkeriwát)
***Makuráp (Macurap, Macurape)
***Mekéns (Mekém, Sakurabiat, Sakyrabiat)
***Akuntsú (Akunsú)
***Waratégaya (Amiapé)
***Wayoró (Ayurú, Wayru, Wayurú, Ayurú, Ajurú, Uaiora, Wajaru)
***Mekens
*Eastern Tupían
**Awetí (Auetö, Awetö, Aueto, Aueti, Auiti, Arauite, Arauine)
**Jurúnan subfamily
***Jurúna (Yuruna, Yudjá, Djudjá, Jaruna)
***Manitsawá (Maritsauá, Manitzula) (dialect: Arupai [Urupaya])
***Xipáya (Shipaya, Shipaja, Xipaia)
***Mawé (Maué, Sataré, Sateré, Sateré-Mawé)
**Mundurukún subfamily
***Kuruáya (Caravare, Curuaia, Kuruaia)
***Mundurukú (Mundurucu, Monjoroku, Weidyenye, Paiquize, Pari, Caras-Pretas)
**Tupí-Guaranían subfamily
***Guaranían branch
****Guaraní Antigo (Guaraní, old Guaraní)
****Paraguayan Guaraní (Guaraní, Guarani paraguaio, Avañee)
****Kaiwá (Kayowá, Kaiowá, Caiová, Caiguá, Pãi, Pãi-Tavyterã)
****Nhandéva (Ñandeva, Chiripá)
****Xetá (Shetá, Aré, Notobotocudo)
****Chiriguano group (Ava, Simba, Chané, Izoceño [Isosó, Izozó], Tapiete)
****Argentina, Bolívia, Paraguay (Dietrich 2007)
****Guayakí (Guayaquí, Aché, Axe) Paraguay
***Guaráyoan branch
****Guarayo (Guarayú)
****Sirionó
****Yúki (Yuqui)
***Tupi branch of Tupí-Guaranían
****Língua Geral Amazônica (Língua Geral, Nheengatú, Tapïhïya, Tupi moderno)
****Língua Geral Paulista (Língua Geral, Tupí)
****Tupí (Tupi antigo)
****Tupinambá (Língua brasílica, Tupi antigo)
***Teneteháran branch
****Avá (Canoeiro, Avá-Canoeiro)
****Tapirapé
****Parakanã (Paracanã, Apiteréwa)
****Tocantins Asuriní (Assurini, Asuriní do Tocantins, Asuriní do Trocará, Akwáwa)
****Suruí (Suruí do Tocantins, Aikewara, Mudjetíre)
****Tembé (Tenetehára)
****Guajajára (Tenetehára)
****Turiwára (Turiuara)
***Xingu branch
****Araweté
****Amanajé (Amanage, Amanayé, Amanyé, Manajo, Manaxo, Manaze, Manazo)
****Ararandewára
****Aurê (Aurá)
****Anambé of Cairarí
****Xingu Asuriní (Assurini, Asuriní do Xingu, Asuriní do Coatinema, Awaeté)
***Kawahíb branch
****Amondáwa (Amundáwa)
****Uruewawáu (Uru-eu-wau-wau, Uru-eu-uau-uau)
****Karipúna
****Piripkúra
****Diahói (Diahui, Jahoi, Jahui, Diarrui)
****Parintintín (Parintintim, Kagwahív)
****Tenharín (Tenharim)
****Tupí-Kawahíb (Tupi do Machado, Paranawát, Pawaté, Wiraféd)
*****Apiaká (Apiacá)
*****Júma (Yuma)
*****Kayabí (Caiabi)
***Kamayurá (Kamaiurá, Camaiurá)
***Northern Tupí-Guaranían branch
****Anambé of Ehrenreich
****Guajá (Awá, Avá, Awá Guajá, Ayaya, Guaxare, Wazaizara)
****Ka’apór (Urubú, Urubú-Ka’apór, Kaapor)
****Takunyapé (Taconhapé)
****Wayampí (Oyampi, Wajãpi, Waiãpi)
****Wayampipukú
****Emérillon (Emerenhão, Emereñon, Emerilon, Melejo, Mereo, Mereyo, Teco)
****Zo’é (Zoé, Jo’é)

;Tuxá † (Tushá, Todela)

;Urarina (Simacu, Kachá, Itucale, Urariña, Oruarina)

;Wamoé † (Uamué, Huamoi, Umán, Uame, Huamoé, Araticum, Atikum, Aticum)

;Warao (Guarao, Warau, Warrau, Guaruno, Waraw, Araote, Faraute)

;Witotoan (Huitotoan)
*Ocaina (dialects: Dukaiya, Ibo’tsa)
*Early Huitoto
**Nipode (Huitoto Muinane, Nïpode, Nüpode Huitoto)
**Minica-Murai
***Mɨnɨca (Huitoto Meneca)
***Murui (Huitoto Murui, Murai, Búe)

;Xukurú † (Xucuru, Ichikile, Shukurú)

;Yagan (Yahgan, Yaghan, Yamana, Yámana, Tequenica, Yapoo)

;Yaguan (Peban, Peba-Yaguan family)
*Yagua (Yihamwo, Nijyamïï, Nikyejaada, Yahua, Llagua, Yava, Yegua, Mishara)
*Peba † (Nijamvo)
*Yameo † (Llameo, Camuchivo, Masamae, Mazan, Parara)

;Yanomaman (Yanomamian)
*Ninam (Yanam, Xirianá, Shiriana Casapare, Jawaperi, Crichana, Jawari)
*Sanumá (San–imá, Sanma, Tsanuma, Guaika, Samatari, Samatali, Xamatari) (dialects: Ninam (Shirishana, Mukajai), Northern Ninam (Shiriana, Uraricaa-Paragua), Caura, Ervato-Ventuari, Auaris; Yanoma, Cobari [Kobali, Cobariwa])
*Yanomam (Waiká [Waicá], Yanomami, Yanomamé, Surara, Xurima, Parahuri, Yanoam)
**(dialects: Yanamam [Patimitheri, Waika], Yanomam [Naomam, Guadema, Wadema, Warema], Yanomay [Toototobi], Nanomam [Karime], Jauari [Joari, Yoari, Aica])
*Yanomamö (Yanomamï, Yamomame, Guaicá, Guaharibo, Guajaribo, Yanomami, Shamatri, Shaathari, Cobari Kobali, Cobariwa)
**(dialects: Eastern Yanomami [Parima], Western Yanomami [Padamo-Orinoco])

;Yaruro (Pumé, Llaruro, Yaruru, Yuapín)

;Yaté (Fulnio, Furniô, Fórnio, Carnijó, Iaté, Yathé)

;Yuracaré (Yuracare, Yurucar, Yuracar, Yurujure, Cuchi, Enete)

;Yurumanguí † (Yurimanguí)

;Zamucoan
*Ayoreo (Ayoré, Moro, Zamuco, Pyeta, Yovai)
**(dialect: Tsiricua, Tsiracua)
*Chamacoco (Ishiro, Jeywo)
**(dialects: Chamacoco Bravo [Tomaraho, Tomaraxa, Tumarahá], Ebitoso *[Ebidoso, Ishiro])

;Zaparoan
*Andoa † (Shimigae)
*Arabela
*Cahuarano †
*Iquito
*Záparo (Kayapi)
*Gae †
*Coronado †
*Oa †

See also

*:es:Anexo:Lenguas indígenas de América, Lenguas indígenas de América (Spanish Wikipedia appendix)
*Languages of South America
**Indigenous languages of South America
***Amazonian languages
***List of indigenous languages of Argentina
***List of unclassified languages of South America
***List of extinct languages of South America
****Extinct languages of the Marañón River basin
*Indigenous languages of the Americas
**Classification of indigenous languages of the Americas#South America, Classification of indigenous languages of the Americas

References

{{South American languages

Lists of languages, South America
Languages of South America
Indigenous languages of South America