List of entities involved in 2007–2008 financial crises
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A list of companies, governmental and quasi-governmental agencies (
government-sponsored enterprise A government-sponsored enterprise (GSE) is a type of financial services corporation created by the United States Congress. Their intended function is to enhance the flow of Credit (finance), credit to targeted sectors of the economy, to make tho ...
s), and/or non-profit organizations involved in the various economic and financial crises of 2007–2008.


Housing Bubble


United States


National home construction companies

*
Beazer Homes USA Beazer Homes USA, Inc. is a home construction company based in Atlanta, Georgia. In 2016, the company was the 11th largest home builder in the United States based on the number of homes closed. The company operates in 13 states. As of December 3 ...
* Hovnanian Enterprises * Lennar * KB Home *
NVR, Inc. NVR, Inc. is a company engaged in home construction headquartered in Reston, Virginia. It also operates a mortgage banking and title services business. The company primarily operates on the East Coast of the United States, but its operations en ...
*
PulteGroup PulteGroup, Inc. is an American residential home construction company based in Atlanta, Georgia, United States. The company is the 3rd largest home construction company in the United States based on the number of homes closed. In total, the compa ...
*
Toll Brothers Toll Brothers is a company which designs, builds, markets, sells, and arranges financing for residential and commercial properties in the United States. In 2020, the company was the fifth largest home builder in the United States, based on home ...


Real estate and appraisal

* Coldwell Banker *
Prudential Financial Prudential Financial, Inc. is an American Fortune Global 500 and Fortune 500 company whose subsidiaries provide insurance, retirement planning, investment management, and other products and services to both retail and institutional customers t ...


Associations

* American Society of Appraisers * Appraisal Institute * National Association of Home Builders *
National Association of Realtors The National Association of Realtors (NAR) is an American trade association for those who work in the real estate industry. It has over 1.4 million members, making it one of the biggest trade associations in the USA including NAR's institutes, so ...
*
Real Estate Counseling Group of America The Real Estate Counseling Group of America (RECGA) was founded in 1970 by William N. Kinnard, a former president of the American Real Estate and Urban Economics Association, who sought to bring together a small group of top U.S. real estate apprai ...
*
Urban Land Institute The Urban Land Institute, or ULI, is a nonprofit research and education organization with regional offices in Washington, D.C., Hong Kong, and London. ULI advocates progressive development, conducting research, and education in topics such as s ...


Mortgage crisis


Subprime lenders

*
New Century Financial Corporation New Century Financial Corporation was a real estate investment trust that originated mortgage loans in the United States through its operating subsidiaries, New Century Mortgage Corporation and Home123 Corporation. It was founded in 1995. In 200 ...
*
American Home Mortgage Investment Corporation American Home Mortgage Investment Corporation was the 10th largest retail mortgage lender in the United States and was structured as a real estate investment trust (REIT). In 2007, it filed for bankruptcy and was liquidated. The company was focu ...
* Accredited Home Lenders * Countrywide Financial * Northern Rock ( UK) *
Ameriquest Ameriquest was one of the largest United States sub-prime mortgage lenders until its dissolution in September 2007. Among the first mortgage companies employing computers to solicit prospective borrowers and hasten the loan application process, ...
* E-Trade *
Option One Option or Options may refer to: Computing *Option key, a key on Apple computer keyboards *Option type, a polymorphic data type in programming languages *Command-line option, an optional parameter to a command *OPTIONS, an HTTP request method ...
*
American Freedom Mortgage, Inc. American Freedom Mortgage, Inc. (AFM) was a private company, private S Corporation Incorporation (business), incorporated on February 2, 2001, according to the Secretary of state of Georgia, Georgia Secretary of State, and headquartered in Marietta ...
*
MortgageIT MortgageIT formerly MIT Lending is a residential mortgage banking company that was founded in 1988 and is headquartered in New York City. By 2004, the company had become one of the top mortgage lenders in the nation. Also, in 2004, MortgageIT became ...
* NovaStar Financial *
American Equity Mortgage American(s) may refer to: * American, something of, from, or related to the United States of America, commonly known as the "United States" or "America" ** Americans, citizens and nationals of the United States of America ** American ancestry, pe ...


Other lenders

* Washington Mutual * Wachovia * Suntrust * Luminent Mortgage Capital * Aegis Wholesale * 1st National Bank of Arizona * GreenPoint Mortgage Funding * Velocity Commercial Lender * Fremont Investment & Loan * ResMAE Mortgage Corp * Americans Brokers Conduit * IndyMac Bank *Aurora Loan Services LLC


Insurers

*
American International Group American International Group, Inc. (AIG) is an American multinational finance and insurance corporation with operations in more than 80 countries and jurisdictions. , AIG companies employed 49,600 people.https://www.aig.com/content/dam/aig/amer ...
* Ambac * MBIA *
Mortgage Guaranty Insurance Corporation MGIC Investment Corporation ("MGIC") is a provider of private mortgage insurance in the United States. The company is headquartered in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. In addition to mortgage insurance, MGIC provides lenders with various underwriting and ...


Secondary and securitized mortgage market


Banks

*
BNP Paribas BNP Paribas is a French international banking group, founded in 2000 from the merger between Banque Nationale de Paris (BNP, "National Bank of Paris") and Paribas, formerly known as the Banque de Paris et des Pays-Bas. The full name of the grou ...
, France *
JPMorgan Chase JPMorgan Chase & Co. is an American multinational investment bank and financial services holding company headquartered in New York City and incorporated in Delaware. As of 2022, JPMorgan Chase is the largest bank in the United States, the ...
, USA *
Citigroup Citigroup Inc. or Citi (Style (visual arts), stylized as citi) is an American multinational investment banking, investment bank and financial services corporation headquartered in New York City. The company was formed by the merger of banking ...
, USA *
Deutsche Bank Deutsche Bank AG (), sometimes referred to simply as Deutsche, is a German multinational investment bank and financial services company headquartered in Frankfurt, Germany, and dual-listed on the Frankfurt Stock Exchange and the New York Sto ...
, Germany * IKB Industriekredit-Bank, Germany *
Bear Stearns The Bear Stearns Companies, Inc. was a New York-based global investment bank, securities trading and brokerage firm that failed in 2008 as part of the global financial crisis and recession, and was subsequently sold to JPMorgan Chase. The compa ...
* Sächsische Landesbank, Germany *
Goldman Sachs Goldman Sachs () is an American multinational investment bank and financial services company. Founded in 1869, Goldman Sachs is headquartered at 200 West Street in Lower Manhattan, with regional headquarters in London, Warsaw, Bangalore, H ...
*
Lehman Brothers Lehman Brothers Holdings Inc. ( ) was an American global financial services firm founded in 1847. Before Bankruptcy of Lehman Brothers, filing for bankruptcy in 2008, Lehman was the fourth-largest investment bank in the United States (behind Gol ...
*
Bank of America The Bank of America Corporation (often abbreviated BofA or BoA) is an American multinational investment bank and financial services holding company headquartered at the Bank of America Corporate Center in Charlotte, North Carolina. The bank w ...
* Wachovia * Netbank, USA * UBS AG, Switzerland * Northern Rock, United Kingdom * HBOS, United Kingdom *
Merrill Lynch Merrill (officially Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated), previously branded Merrill Lynch, is an American investment management and wealth management division of Bank of America. Along with BofA Securities, the investment bank ...
., USA *
Washington Mutual Bank Washington Mutual (often abbreviated to WaMu) was the United States' largest savings and loan association until its collapse in 2008. A savings bank holding company is defined in United States Code: Title 12: Banks and Banking; Section 1842: Def ...
* Dexia, Belgium, France *
Fortis Fortis may refer to: Business * Fortis AG, a Swiss watch company * Fortis Films, an American film and television production company founded by actress and producer Sandra Bullock * Fortis Healthcare, a chain of hospitals in India * Fortis Inc ...
, Benelux *
Royal Bank of Scotland Group NatWest Group plc is a British banking and insurance holding company, based in Edinburgh, Scotland. The group operates a wide variety of banking brands offering personal and business banking, private banking, investment banking, insurance and ...
, United Kingdom * Lloyds Banking Group, United Kingdom *
Glitnir Forseti (Old Norse "the presiding one", "President (government title), president" in modern Icelandic language, Icelandic and Faroese language, Faroese) is the Æsir, god of justice and reconciliation in Norse mythology. He is generally identifie ...
, Iceland * Kaupthing Bank, Iceland *
Landsbanki Landsbanki (literally "national bank"), also commonly known as Landsbankinn (literally "the national bank") which is now the name of the current rebuilt bank (here called "New Landsbanki"), was one of the largest Icelandic commercial banks that f ...
, Iceland


Governmental and quasi-governmental

*
United States Department of the Treasury The Department of the Treasury (USDT) is the national treasury and finance department of the federal government of the United States, where it serves as an executive department. The department oversees the Bureau of Engraving and Printing and t ...
*
U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission The U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) is an independent agency of the United States federal government, created in the aftermath of the Wall Street Crash of 1929. The primary purpose of the SEC is to enforce the law against market ...
* Federal Housing Finance Agency *
State of California California is a U.S. state, state in the Western United States, located along the West Coast of the United States, Pacific Coast. With nearly 39.2million residents across a total area of approximately , it is the List of states and territori ...
*
Jefferson County, Alabama Jefferson County is the List of counties in Alabama, most populous county in the U.S. state of Alabama, located in the central portion of the state. As of the 2020 United States census, 2020 census, its population was 674,721. Its county seat i ...
*
Vallejo, California Vallejo ( ; ) is a city in Solano County, California and the second largest city in the North Bay region of the Bay Area. Located on the shores of San Pablo Bay, the city had a population of 126,090 at the 2020 census. Vallejo is home to the ...


Central Banks

*
Federal Reserve Bank A Federal Reserve Bank is a regional bank of the Federal Reserve System, the central banking system of the United States. There are twelve in total, one for each of the twelve Federal Reserve Districts that were created by the Federal Reserve A ...
**
Federal Reserve Bank of New York The Federal Reserve Bank of New York is one of the 12 Federal Reserve Banks of the United States. It is responsible for the Second District of the Federal Reserve System, which encompasses the State of New York, the 12 northern counties of New ...
*
European Central Bank The European Central Bank (ECB) is the prime component of the monetary Eurosystem and the European System of Central Banks (ESCB) as well as one of seven institutions of the European Union. It is one of the world's Big Four (banking)#Intern ...
*
Bank of Japan The is the central bank of Japan.Louis Frédéric, Nussbaum, Louis Frédéric. (2005). "Nihon Ginkō" in The bank is often called for short. It has its headquarters in Chūō, Tokyo, Chūō, Tokyo. History Like most modern Japanese instituti ...
*
Bank of England The Bank of England is the central bank of the United Kingdom and the model on which most modern central banks have been based. Established in 1694 to act as the English Government's banker, and still one of the bankers for the Government of ...
* Central Bank of Russia


Credit rating agencies

* Moody's *
Standard & Poor's S&P Global Ratings (previously Standard & Poor's and informally known as S&P) is an American credit rating agency (CRA) and a division of S&P Global that publishes financial research and analysis on stocks, bonds, and commodities. S&P is con ...
*
Fitch Ratings Fitch Ratings Inc. is an American credit rating agency and is one of the " Big Three credit rating agencies", the other two being Moody's and Standard & Poor's. It is one of the three nationally recognized statistical rating organizations (NRSRO) ...


Government sponsored enterprises

* Fannie Mae, Federal National Mortgage Association * Freddie Mac, Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation


Nonprofit Organization


Community Organization

* ACORN Association of Community Organizations for Reform Now: accused of involvement


Credit Counselors

*
Hope Now Alliance The Hope Now Alliance is a cooperative effort between the US government, counselors, investors, and lenders to help homeowners who may not be able to pay their mortgages. Created in 2007 in response to the subprime mortgage crisis, the alliance ...


United States officials' positions

Of the Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008 and its reincarnation as an amendment of H.R. 1424, supporters and opponents:


Supporters

* Henry M. Paulson, Jr., Secretary of the Treasury * Ben S. Bernanke, Chairman and a member of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System * George W. Bush, President * John McCain, U.S. Senator, Arizona, 2008 Republican nominee for U.S. President * Barack Obama, U.S. Senator, Illinois, 2008 Democratic nominee for U.S. President * Joseph Biden, U.S. Senator, Delaware, 2008 Democratic nominee for U.S. Vice-president


Non-supporters

* Dr. Ron Paul, U.S. Congressman, Texas District 14, former candidate for Republican nomination for U.S. President * Chuck Baldwin, 2008 presidential candidate for the Constitution Party * Cynthia McKinney, 2008 presidential candidate for the Green Party * Bob Barr, 2008 presidential candidate for the Libertarian Party * Ralph Nader, 2008 independent presidential candidate * Raghuram Rajan, 2005-06 Chief Economist, International Monetory Fund


References

{{DEFAULTSORT:List of entities involved in 2007-2008 financial crises 2007 in economics 2008 in economics Great Recession