List of birds of Swaziland
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This is a list of the bird species recorded in Eswatini. The
avifauna Birds are a group of warm-blooded vertebrates constituting the class Aves (), characterised by feathers, toothless beaked jaws, the laying of hard-shelled eggs, a high metabolic rate, a four-chambered heart, and a strong yet lightweight s ...
of Eswatini (formerly Swaziland) include a total of 519 species, of which 5 have been introduced by humans. Three species listed are
extirpated Local extinction, also known as extirpation, refers to a species (or other taxon) of plant or animal that ceases to exist in a chosen geographic area of study, though it still exists elsewhere. Local extinctions are contrasted with global extinct ...
in Eswatini. This list's taxonomic treatment (designation and sequence of orders, families and species) and nomenclature (common and scientific names) follow the conventions of ''
The Clements Checklist of Birds of the World ''The Clements Checklist of Birds of the World'' is a book by Jim Clements which presents a list of the bird species of the world. The most recent printed version is the sixth edition (2007), but has been updated yearly, the last version in 202 ...
'', 2022 edition. The family accounts at the beginning of each heading reflect this taxonomy, as do the species counts found in each family account. Introduced and accidental species are included in the total counts for Eswatini. The following tags have been used to highlight several categories. The commonly occurring native species do not fall into any of these categories. *(A) Accidental - a species that rarely or accidentally occurs in Eswatini *(I) Introduced - a species introduced to Eswatini as a consequence, direct or indirect, of human actions *(Ex)
Extirpated Local extinction, also known as extirpation, refers to a species (or other taxon) of plant or animal that ceases to exist in a chosen geographic area of study, though it still exists elsewhere. Local extinctions are contrasted with global extinct ...
- a species that no longer occurs in Eswatini although populations exist elsewhere


Ostriches

Order:
Struthioniformes Struthioniformes is an order of birds with only a single extant family, Struthionidae, containing the ostriches. Several other extinct families are known, spanning across the Northern Hemisphere, from the Early Eocene to the early Pliocene, includ ...
Family: Struthionidae The ostrich is a flightless bird native to Africa. It is the largest living species of bird. It is distinctive in its appearance, with a long neck and legs and the ability to run at high speeds. *
Common ostrich The common ostrich (''Struthio camelus''), or simply ostrich, is a species of flightless bird native to certain large areas of Africa and is the largest living bird species. It is one of two extant species of ostriches, the only living members o ...
, ''Struthio camelus'' ** South African ostrich, ''Struthio camelus australis'' (I)


Ducks, geese, and waterfowl

Order: AnseriformesFamily:
Anatidae The Anatidae are the biological family of water birds that includes ducks, geese, and swans. The family has a cosmopolitan distribution, occurring on all the world's continents except Antarctica. These birds are adapted for swimming, floating ...
Anatidae includes the
duck Duck is the common name for numerous species of waterfowl in the family Anatidae. Ducks are generally smaller and shorter-necked than swans and geese, which are members of the same family. Divided among several subfamilies, they are a form ...
s and most duck-like waterfowl, such as
geese A goose ( : geese) is a bird of any of several waterfowl species in the family Anatidae. This group comprises the genera '' Anser'' (the grey geese and white geese) and ''Branta'' (the black geese). Some other birds, mostly related to the she ...
and swans. These birds are adapted to an aquatic existence with webbed feet, flattened bills, and feathers that are excellent at shedding water due to an oily coating. * White-faced whistling-duck, ''Dendrocygna viduata'' *
Fulvous whistling-duck The fulvous whistling duck or fulvous tree duck (''Dendrocygna bicolor'') is a species of whistling duck that breeds across the world's tropical regions in much of Mexico and South America, the West Indies, the southern United States, sub-Sahar ...
, ''Dendrocygna bicolor'' *
White-backed duck The white-backed duck (''Thalassornis leuconotus'') is a waterbird of the family Anatidae. It is distinct from all other ducks, but most closely related to the whistling ducks in the subfamily Dendrocygninae, though also showing some similarities ...
, ''Thalassornis leuconotus'' *
Knob-billed duck The knob-billed duck (''Sarkidiornis melanotos''), or African comb duck, is a duck found in tropical wetlands in Sub-Saharan Africa, Madagascar and the Indian Subcontinent from northern India to Laos and extreme southern China. Most taxonomic au ...
, ''Sarkidiornis melanotos'' *
Egyptian goose The Egyptian goose (''Alopochen aegyptiaca'') is a member of the duck, goose, and swan family Anatidae. It is native to Africa south of the Sahara and the Nile Valley. Egyptian geese were considered sacred by the Ancient Egyptians, and appear ...
, ''Alopochen aegyptiacus'' *
Spur-winged goose The spur-winged goose (''Plectropterus gambensis'') is a large bird in the family Anatidae, related to the geese and the shelducks, but distinct from both of these in a number of anatomical features, and therefore treated in its own subfamily, th ...
, ''Plectropterus gambensis'' *
African pygmy-goose The African pygmy goose (''Nettapus auritus'') is a perching duck from sub-Saharan Africa. It is the smallest of Africa's waterfowl, and one of the smallest in the world. Though pygmy geese have beaks like those of geese, they are more relate ...
, ''Nettapus auritus'' * Blue-billed teal, ''Spatula hottentota'' (A) *
Cape shoveler The Cape shoveler or Cape shoveller (''Spatula smithii'') is a species of dabbling duck of the genus ''Spatula''. It is resident in South Africa, and uncommon further north in Namibia, Botswana, Zimbabwe, southern Angola, Lesotho, Mozambique, ...
, ''Spatula smithii'' (A) *
African black duck The African black duck (''Anas sparsa'') is a species of duck of the genus ''Anas''. It is genetically closest to the mallard group, but shows some peculiarities in its behavior and (as far as they can be discerned) plumage; it is accordingly p ...
, ''Anas sparsa'' *
Yellow-billed duck The yellow-billed duck (''Anas undulata'') is a 51–58 cm long dabbling duck which is an abundant resident breeder in southern and eastern Africa. This duck is not migratory, but wanders in the dry season to find suitable waters. It is h ...
, ''Anas undulata'' *
Cape teal The Cape teal (''Anas capensis'') also Cape wigeon or Cape widgeon is a 44–46 cm long dabbling duck of open wetlands in sub-Saharan Africa. Taxonomy The Cape teal was formally described in 1789 by the German naturalist Johann Friedrich G ...
, ''Anas capensis'' (A) *
Red-billed duck The red-billed teal or red-billed duck (''Anas erythrorhyncha'') is a dabbling duck which is an abundant resident breeder in southern and eastern Africa typically south of 10° S. This duck is not bird migration, migratory, but will fly great d ...
, ''Anas erythrorhyncha'' *
Southern pochard The southern pochard (''Netta erythrophthalma'') is a species of duck, and a member of the genus '' Netta''. There are two subspecies, the South American (southern) pochard ''N. e. erythrophthalma'' (Wied-Neuwied, 1833) and the African (southern) ...
, ''Netta erythrophthalma'' (A) *
Maccoa duck The Maccoa duck (''Oxyura maccoa'') is a stiff-tailed diving duck found across Eastern and Southern Africa. Description As members of the stiff-tailed duck group, Maccoas are often found wading in the water with their tail feathers cocked upwar ...
, ''Oxyura maccoa'' (A)


Guineafowl

Order:
Galliformes Galliformes is an order of heavy-bodied ground-feeding birds that includes turkeys, chickens, quail, and other landfowl. Gallinaceous birds, as they are called, are important in their ecosystems as seed dispersers and predators, and are ofte ...
Family:
Numididae Guineafowl (; sometimes called "pet speckled hens" or "original fowl") are birds of the family Numididae in the order Galliformes. They are endemic to Africa and rank among the oldest of the gallinaceous birds. Phylogenetically, they branched o ...
Guineafowl are a group of African, seed-eating, ground-nesting birds that resemble partridges, but with featherless heads and spangled grey plumage. * Helmeted guineafowl, ''Numida meleagris'' * Southern crested guineafowl, ''Guttera edouardi''


Pheasants, grouse, and allies

Order:
Galliformes Galliformes is an order of heavy-bodied ground-feeding birds that includes turkeys, chickens, quail, and other landfowl. Gallinaceous birds, as they are called, are important in their ecosystems as seed dispersers and predators, and are ofte ...
Family: Phasianidae The Phasianidae are a family of terrestrial birds which consists of
quail Quail is a collective name for several genera of mid-sized birds generally placed in the order Galliformes. The collective noun for a group of quail is a flock, covey, or bevy. Old World quail are placed in the family Phasianidae, and New ...
s,
partridge A partridge is a medium-sized galliform bird in any of several genera, with a wide native distribution throughout parts of Europe, Asia and Africa. Several species have been introduced to the Americas. They are sometimes grouped in the Perd ...
s,
snowcock The snowcocks or snowfowl are a group of bird species in the genus ''Tetraogallus'' of the pheasant family, Phasianidae. They are ground-nesting birds that breed in the mountain ranges of southern Eurasia from the Caucasus to the Himalayas and we ...
s,
francolin Francolins are birds in the tribe Gallini that traditionally have been placed in the genus ''Francolinus'', but now commonly are divided into multiple genera. As previously defined, they were paraphyletic as the genus '' Pternistis'', which wa ...
s,
spurfowl Spurfowl are two genera of birds: * ''Galloperdix'', from India and Sri Lanka * ''Pternistis ''Pternistis'' is a genus of galliform birds formerly classified in the spurfowl group of the Perdicinae, partridge subfamily of the Phasianidae, phea ...
s,
tragopan ''Tragopan'' is a bird genus in the pheasant family Phasianidae. Member of the genus are commonly called "horned pheasants" because males have two brightly colored, fleshy horns on their head that can be erected during courtship displays. The ha ...
s,
monal A monal is a bird of genus ''Lophophorus'' of the pheasant family, Phasianidae. Description The males all have colorful, iridescent plumage. Their physique is rather plump. Their diet consists of plants such as roots and bulbs and insects. D ...
s,
pheasant Pheasants ( ) are birds of several genera within the family Phasianidae in the order Galliformes. Although they can be found all over the world in introduced (and captive) populations, the pheasant genera native range is restricted to Eurasia ...
s,
peafowl Peafowl is a common name for three bird species in the genera '' Pavo'' and '' Afropavo'' within the tribe Pavonini of the family Phasianidae, the pheasants and their allies. Male peafowl are referred to as peacocks, and female peafowl are ref ...
s and
jungle fowl Junglefowl are the only four living species of bird from the genus ''Gallus'' in the bird order Galliformes, and occur in parts of South and Southeast Asia. They diverged from their common ancestor about 4–6 million years ago. Although origin ...
s. In general, they are plump (although they vary in size) and have broad, relatively short wings. *
Crested francolin The crested francolin (''Ortygornis sephaena'') is a species of bird in the family Phasianidae. It is found in southern Africa. One of its subspecies, ''Ortygornis sephaena rovuma'', is sometimes considered a separate species, Kirk's francolin. ...
, ''Ortygornis sephaena'' *
Coqui francolin The Coqui francolin (''Campocolinus coqui'') is a species of bird in the family Phasianidae. Taxonomy Formerly classified in the genus ''Peliperdix'', a 2020 study found it, the white-throated francolin (''C. albogularis''), and Schlegel's fr ...
, ''Campocolinus coqui'' *
Red-winged francolin The red-winged francolin (''Scleroptila levaillantii'') is a species of bird in the family Phasianidae. It is found in Angola, Burundi, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Kenya, Lesotho, Malawi, Rwanda, South Africa, Eswatini, Tanzania, Uganda, a ...
, ''Scleroptila levaillantii'' * Shelley's francolin, ''Scleroptila shelleyi'' * Blue quail, ''Synoicus adansonii'' (A) * Common quail, ''Coturnix coturnix'' *
Harlequin quail The harlequin quail (''Coturnix delegorguei'') is a species of bird in the family Phasianidae. It occurs in sub-Saharan Africa and in the Arabian Peninsula.Clements, J. F., T. S. Schulenberg, M. J. Iliff, D. Roberson, T. A. Fredericks, B. L. Sull ...
, ''Coturnix delegorguei'' * Natal francolin, ''Pternistis natalensis'' * Swainson's francolin, ''Pternistis swainsonii'' *
Red-necked francolin The red-necked spurfowl or red-necked francolin (''Pternistis afer''), is a gamebird in the pheasant family Phasianidae that is a resident species in southern Africa. Taxonomy The red-necked spurfowl was described in 1776 by the German zoologis ...
, ''Pternistis afer''


Flamingos

Order:
Phoenicopteriformes Phoenicopteriformes is a group of water birds which comprises flamingos and their extinct relatives. Flamingos (Phoenicopteriformes) and the closely related grebes ( Podicipedidae) are contained in the parent clade Mirandornithes. Fossil re ...
Family:
Phoenicopteridae Flamingos or flamingoes are a type of wading bird in the family Phoenicopteridae, which is the only extant family in the order Phoenicopteriformes. There are four flamingo species distributed throughout the Americas (including the Caribbean ...
Flamingo Flamingos or flamingoes are a type of wading bird in the family Phoenicopteridae, which is the only extant family in the order Phoenicopteriformes. There are four flamingo species distributed throughout the Americas (including the Caribbea ...
s are gregarious wading birds, usually tall, found in both the Western and Eastern Hemispheres. Flamingos filter-feed on shellfish and algae. Their oddly shaped beaks are specially adapted to separate mud and silt from the food they consume and, uniquely, are used upside-down. *
Greater flamingo The greater flamingo (''Phoenicopterus roseus'') is the most widespread and largest species of the flamingo family. It is found in Africa, the Indian subcontinent, the Middle East, and in southern Europe. Taxonomy The greater flamingo was desc ...
, ''Phoenicopterus roseus'' (A) *
Lesser flamingo The lesser flamingo (''Phoeniconaias minor'') is a species of flamingo occurring in sub-Saharan Africa and western India. Birds are occasionally reported from further north, but these are generally considered vagrants. Characteristics The lesser ...
, ''Phoenicopterus minor'' (A)


Grebes

Order: PodicipediformesFamily: Podicipedidae
Grebe Grebes () are aquatic diving birds in the order Podicipediformes . Grebes are widely distributed freshwater birds, with some species also found in marine habitats during migration and winter. Some flightless species exist as well, most notably ...
s are small to medium-large freshwater diving birds. They have lobed toes and are excellent swimmers and divers. However, they have their feet placed far back on the body, making them quite ungainly on land. *
Little grebe The little grebe (''Tachybaptus ruficollis''), also known as dabchick, is a member of the grebe family of water birds. The genus name is from Ancient Greek ''takhus'' "fast" and ''bapto'' "to sink under". The specific ''ruficollis'' is from Lati ...
, ''Tachybaptus ruficollis'' *
Great crested grebe The great crested grebe (''Podiceps cristatus'') is a member of the grebe family of water birds noted for its elaborate mating display. Taxonomy The great crested grebe was formally described by the Swedish naturalist Carl Linnaeus in 1758 in t ...
, ''Podiceps cristatus'' (A) * Eared grebe, ''Podiceps nigricollis'' (A)


Pigeons and doves

Order:
Columbiformes Columbidae () is a bird family consisting of doves and pigeons. It is the only family in the order Columbiformes. These are stout-bodied birds with short necks and short slender bills that in some species feature fleshy ceres. They primarily ...
Family:
Columbidae Columbidae () is a bird family consisting of doves and pigeons. It is the only family in the order Columbiformes. These are stout-bodied birds with short necks and short slender bills that in some species feature fleshy ceres. They primarily ...
Pigeon Columbidae () is a bird family consisting of doves and pigeons. It is the only family in the order Columbiformes. These are stout-bodied birds with short necks and short slender bills that in some species feature fleshy ceres. They primarily ...
s and
dove Columbidae () is a bird family consisting of doves and pigeons. It is the only family in the order Columbiformes. These are stout-bodied birds with short necks and short slender bills that in some species feature fleshy ceres. They primarily ...
s are stout-bodied birds with short necks and short slender bills with a fleshy
cere The beak, bill, or rostrum is an external anatomical structure found mostly in birds, but also in turtles, non-avian dinosaurs and a few mammals. A beak is used for eating, preening, manipulating objects, killing prey, fighting, probing for food ...
. *
Rock pigeon The rock dove, rock pigeon, or common pigeon ( also ; ''Columba livia'') is a member of the bird family Columbidae (doves and pigeons). In common usage, it is often simply referred to as the "pigeon". The domestic pigeon (''Columba livia domes ...
, ''Columba livia'' (I) *
Speckled pigeon The speckled pigeon (''Columba guinea''), or (African) rock pigeon, is a pigeon that is a resident breeding bird in much of Africa south of the Sahara. It is a common and widespread species in open habitats over much of its range, although there ...
, ''Columba guinea'' *
Rameron pigeon The African olive pigeon or Rameron pigeon (''Columba arquatrix'') is a pigeon which is a resident breeding bird in much of eastern and southern Africa from Ethiopia to the Cape. Populations also are found in western Angola, southwestern Saudi Ara ...
, ''Columba arquatrix'' *
Lemon dove The lemon dove or cinnamon dove (''Columba larvata'') is a species of bird in the pigeon family (biology), family Columbidae found in montane forests of sub-Saharan Africa. The São Tomé lemon dove is usually treated as a subspecies. The lemon d ...
, ''Columba larvata'' *
Red-eyed dove The red-eyed dove (''Streptopelia semitorquata'') is a dove that is a widespread and common in Sub-Saharan Africa. It has been listed as Least Concern on the IUCN Red List since 2004. Taxonomy The red-eyed dove was formally described by the G ...
, ''Streptopelia semitorquata'' *
Ring-necked dove The ring-necked dove (''Streptopelia capicola''), also known as the Cape turtle dove or half-collared dove, is a widespread and often abundant dove species in East and southern Africa. It is a mostly sedentary bird, found in a variety of open ha ...
, ''Streptopelia capicola'' *
Laughing dove The laughing dove (''Spilopelia senegalensis'') is a small pigeon that is a resident breeder in Africa, the Middle East, South Asia, and Western Australia where it has established itself in the wild after being released from Perth Zoo in 1898. T ...
, ''Streptopelia senegalensis'' * Emerald-spotted wood-dove, ''Turtur chalcospilos'' *
Tambourine dove The tambourine dove (''Turtur tympanistria'') is a pigeon which is a widespread resident breeding bird in woodlands and other thick vegetation in Africa south of the Sahara Desert. Its range extends from Senegal east to Ethiopia and Kenya and sou ...
, ''Turtur tympanistria'' *
Namaqua dove The Namaqua dove (''Oena capensis'') is a small pigeon. It is the only species in the genus ''Oena.'' It is found over much of Sub-Saharan Africa as well as Arabia and Madagascar. Taxonomy The Namaqua dove is the only species in the monotypic g ...
, ''Oena capensis'' * African green-pigeon, ''Treron calva''


Bustards

Order: OtidiformesFamily:
Otididae Bustards, including floricans and korhaans, are large, terrestrial birds living mainly in dry grassland areas and on the steppes of the Old World. They range in length from . They make up the family Otididae (, formerly known as Otidae). Bustard ...
Bustards are large terrestrial birds mainly associated with dry open country and steppes in the Old World. They are omnivorous and nest on the ground. They walk steadily on strong legs and big toes, pecking for food as they go. They have long broad wings with "fingered" wingtips and striking patterns in flight. Many have interesting mating displays. *
Kori bustard The kori bustard (''Ardeotis kori'') is the largest flying bird native to Africa. It is a member of the bustard family, which all belong to the order Otidiformes and are restricted in distribution to the Old World. It is one of the four species ( ...
, ''Ardeotis kori'' (Ex) * Denham's bustard, ''Neotis denhami'' *
White-bellied bustard The white-bellied bustard or white-bellied korhaan (''Eupodotis senegalensis'') is an African species of bustard. It is widespread in sub-Saharan Africa in grassland and open woodland habitats. Description It is rather small for a bustard ...
, ''Eupodotis senegalensis'' *
Red-crested korhaan The red-crested korhaan or red-crested bustard (''Lophotis ruficrista'') is a species of bird in the family Otididae. It is found in Angola, Botswana, Eswatini, Mozambique, Namibia, South Africa, Zambia, and Zimbabwe. Description The red-creste ...
, ''Lophotis ruficrista'' * Black-bellied bustard, ''Lissotis melanogaster''


Turacos

Order: MusophagiformesFamily:
Musophagidae The turacos make up the bird family Musophagidae ( "banana-eaters"), which includes plantain-eaters and go-away-birds. In southern Africa both turacos and go-away-birds are commonly known as loeries. They are semi-zygodactylous: the fourth ( ...
The turacos, plantain eaters and go-away-birds make up the bird family Musophagidae. They are medium-sized arboreal birds. The turacos and plantain eaters are brightly coloured, usually in blue, green or purple. The go-away birds are mostly grey and white. * Livingstone's turaco, ''Tauraco livingstonii'' *
Knysna turaco The Knysna turaco (''Tauraco corythaix''), or, in South Africa, Knysna loerie, is a large turaco, one of a group of African musophagidae birds. It is a resident breeder in the mature evergreen forests of southern and eastern South Africa, and Sw ...
, ''Tauraco corythaix'' *
Purple-crested turaco The purple-crested turaco (''Gallirex porphyreolophus'') or, in South Africa, the purple-crested loerie, is a species of bird in the clade Turaco with an unresolved phylogenetic placement. Initial analyses placed the purple-crested turaco in the ...
, ''Tauraco porphyreolophus'' * Gray go-away-bird, ''Corythaixoides concolor''


Cuckoos

Order:
Cuculiformes Cuckoos are birds in the Cuculidae family, the sole taxon in the order Cuculiformes . The cuckoo family includes the common or European cuckoo, roadrunners, koels, malkohas, couas, coucals and anis. The coucals and anis are sometimes separa ...
Family:
Cuculidae Cuckoos are birds in the Cuculidae family, the sole taxon in the order Cuculiformes . The cuckoo family includes the common or European cuckoo, roadrunners, koels, malkohas, couas, coucals and anis. The coucals and anis are sometimes separa ...
The family Cuculidae includes
cuckoo Cuckoos are birds in the Cuculidae family, the sole taxon in the order Cuculiformes . The cuckoo family includes the common or European cuckoo, roadrunners, koels, malkohas, couas, coucals and anis. The coucals and anis are sometimes separ ...
s,
roadrunner The roadrunners (genus ''Geococcyx''), also known as chaparral birds or chaparral cocks, are two species of fast-running ground cuckoos with long tails and crests. They are found in the southwestern and south-central United States and Mexico, us ...
s and anis. These birds are of variable size with slender bodies, long tails and strong legs. The Old World cuckoos are brood parasites. *
White-browed coucal The white-browed coucal or lark-heeled cuckoo (''Centropus superciliosus''), is a species of cuckoo in the family Cuculidae. It is found in sub-Saharan Africa. It inhabits areas with thick cover afforded by rank undergrowth and scrub, including ...
, ''Centropus superciliosus'' *
Black coucal The black coucal (''Centropus grillii'') is a species of cuckoo in the family Cuculidae. It has a wide distribution in Africa south of the Sahara. Description The male black coucal is in length while the female is , otherwise they are similar i ...
, ''Centropus grillii'' *
Green malkoha The green malkoha or whistling yellowbill (''Ceuthmochares australis'') is a species of cuckoo in the family Cuculidae. This species and the blue malkoha were previously considered conspecific and together known as the yellowbill. It has a gree ...
, ''Ceuthmochares australis'' * Great spotted cuckoo, ''Clamator glandarius'' * Levaillant's cuckoo, ''Clamator levaillantii'' * Pied cuckoo, ''Clamator jacobinus'' *
Thick-billed cuckoo The thick-billed cuckoo (''Pachycoccyx audeberti'') is a species of cuckoo in the family Cuculidae. It is monotypic within the genus ''Pachycoccyx''. It can easily be distinguished from other brood parasitic cuckoo species by its very thick bill, ...
, ''Pachycoccyx audeberti'' * Dideric cuckoo, ''Chrysococcyx caprius'' * Klaas's cuckoo, ''Chrysococcyx klaas'' * African emerald cuckoo, ''Chrysococcyx cupreus'' *
Black cuckoo The black cuckoo (''Cuculus clamosus'') is a species of cuckoo in the family Cuculidae. The species is distributed widely across sub-Saharan Africa. There are two subspecies. This cuckoo has a very wide range and is quite common so it is classifi ...
, ''Cuculus clamosus'' *
Red-chested cuckoo The red-chested cuckoo (''Cuculus solitarius'') is a species of cuckoo in the family Cuculidae. It is a medium-sized bird found in Africa south of the Sahara. In Afrikaans, it is known as "Piet-my-vrou", after its call. Description The red-ches ...
, ''Cuculus solitarius'' * African cuckoo, ''Cuculus gularis'' *
Common cuckoo The common cuckoo (''Cuculus canorus'') is a member of the cuckoo order of birds, Cuculiformes, which includes the roadrunners, the anis and the coucals. This species is a widespread summer migrant to Europe and Asia, and winters in Africa. I ...
, ''Cuculus canorus''


Nightjars and allies

Order:
Caprimulgiformes Nightjars are medium-sized nocturnal or crepuscular birds in the family Caprimulgidae and order Caprimulgiformes, characterised by long wings, short legs, and very short bills. They are sometimes called goatsuckers, due to the ancient folk tal ...
Family: Caprimulgidae
Nightjar Nightjars are medium-sized nocturnal or crepuscular birds in the family Caprimulgidae and order Caprimulgiformes, characterised by long wings, short legs, and very short bills. They are sometimes called goatsuckers, due to the ancient folk tal ...
s are medium-sized nocturnal birds that usually nest on the ground. They have long wings, short legs and very short bills. Most have small feet, of little use for walking, and long pointed wings. Their soft plumage is camouflaged to resemble bark or leaves. *
Pennant-winged nightjar The pennant-winged nightjar (''Caprimulgus vexillarius'') is a species of nightjar that occurs from Nigeria to northern South Africa. It is an intra-African migrant and displays remarkable sexual dimorphism in the breeding season. Range and ha ...
, ''Caprimulgus vexillarius'' * Eurasian nightjar, ''Caprimulgus europaeus'' *
Fiery-necked nightjar The fiery-necked nightjar (''Caprimulgus pectoralis'') is a species of nightjar in the family Caprimulgidae, which is found mostly in Africa south of the equator, though it has been spotted in a few countries north of the equator. It is most oft ...
, ''Caprimulgus pectoralis'' * Freckled nightjar, ''Caprimulgus tristigma'' *
Square-tailed nightjar The square-tailed nightjar (''Caprimulgus fossii'') is a species of nightjar in the family Caprimulgidae which is native to tropical and subtropical woodlands of the Afrotropics. It has an extensive range south of the African equator. Despite not ...
, ''Caprimulgus fossii''


Swifts

Order:
Caprimulgiformes Nightjars are medium-sized nocturnal or crepuscular birds in the family Caprimulgidae and order Caprimulgiformes, characterised by long wings, short legs, and very short bills. They are sometimes called goatsuckers, due to the ancient folk tal ...
Family:
Apodidae The swifts are a family, Apodidae, of highly aerial birds. They are superficially similar to swallows, but are not closely related to any passerine species. Swifts are placed in the order Apodiformes with hummingbirds. The treeswifts are closely ...
Swift Swift or SWIFT most commonly refers to: * SWIFT, an international organization facilitating transactions between banks ** SWIFT code * Swift (programming language) * Swift (bird), a family of birds It may also refer to: Organizations * SWIFT, ...
s are small birds which spend the majority of their lives flying. These birds have very short legs and never settle voluntarily on the ground, perching instead only on vertical surfaces. Many swifts have long swept-back wings which resemble a crescent or boomerang. * Alpine swift, ''Apus melba'' *
Common swift The common swift (''Apus apus'') is a medium-sized bird, superficially similar to the barn swallow or house martin but somewhat larger, though not stemming from those passerine species, being in the order Apodiformes. The resemblances between t ...
, ''Apus apus'' *
African swift The African black swift (''Apus barbatus''), also known as the African swift or black swift, is a medium-sized bird in the swift family. It breeds in Africa discontinuously from Liberia, Cameroon, Zaire, Uganda and Kenya southwards to South Afri ...
, ''Apus barbatus'' *
Little swift The little swift (''Apus affinis''), is a small species of swift found in Africa and southwestern Asia, and are vagrants and local breeders in southern Europe. They are found both in urban areas and at rocky cliffs where they build nests in a wa ...
, ''Apus affinis'' *Horus swift, ''Apus horus'' *White-rumped swift, ''Apus caffer'' *African palm-swift, ''Cypsiurus parvus''


Flufftails

Order: GruiformesFamily: Sarothruridae The flufftails are a small family of ground-dwelling birds found only in Madagascar and sub-Saharan Africa. *Buff-spotted flufftail, ''Sarothrura elegans'' *Red-chested flufftail, ''Sarothrura rufa'' *Striped flufftail, ''Sarothrura affinis'' *White-winged flufftail, ''Sarothrura ayresi'' (A)


Rails, gallinules and coots

Order: GruiformesFamily: Rallidae Rallidae is a large family of small to medium-sized birds which includes the Rail (bird), rails, crakes, coots and Rallidae, gallinules. Typically they inhabit dense vegetation in damp environments near lakes, swamps or rivers. In general they are shy and secretive birds, making them difficult to observe. Most species have strong legs and long toes which are well adapted to soft uneven surfaces. They tend to have short, rounded wings and to be weak fliers. *African rail, ''Rallus caerulescens'' *Corn crake, ''Crex crex'' *African crake, ''Crex egregia'' *Lesser moorhen, ''Paragallinula angulata'' *Eurasian moorhen, ''Gallinula chloropus'' *Red-knobbed coot, ''Fulica cristata'' *Allen's gallinule, ''Porphyrio alleni'' (A) *African swamphen, ''Porphyrio madagascariensis'' *Black crake, ''Zapornia flavirostris'' *Baillon's crake, ''Zapornia pusilla'' (A)


Finfoots

Order: GruiformesFamily: Heliornithidae Heliornithidae is a small family of tropical birds with webbed lobes on their feet similar to those of grebes and coots. *African finfoot, ''Podica senegalensis''


Cranes

Order: GruiformesFamily: Gruidae Cranes are large, long-legged and long-necked birds. Unlike the similar-looking but unrelated herons, cranes fly with necks outstretched, not pulled back. Most have elaborate and noisy courting displays or "dances". *Gray crowned crane, ''Balearica regulorum'' *Blue crane, ''Anthropoides paradiseus'' *Wattled crane, ''Bugeranus carunculatus'' (Ex)


Thick-knees

Order: CharadriiformesFamily: Burhinidae The thick-knees are a group of largely tropical waders in the family Burhinidae. They are found worldwide within the tropical zone, with some species also breeding in temperate Europe and Australia. They are medium to large waders with strong black or yellow-black bills, large yellow eyes and cryptic plumage. Despite being classed as waders, most species have a preference for arid or semi-arid habitats. *Water thick-knee, ''Burhinus vermiculatus'' *Spotted thick-knee, ''Burhinus capensis''


Stilts and avocets

Order: CharadriiformesFamily: Recurvirostridae Recurvirostridae is a family of large wading birds, which includes the avocets and stilts. The avocets have long legs and long up-curved bills. The stilts have extremely long legs and long, thin, straight bills. *Black-winged stilt, ''Himantopus himantopus'' *Pied avocet, ''Recurvirostra avosetta'' (A)


Plovers and lapwings

Order: CharadriiformesFamily: Charadriidae The family Charadriidae includes the plovers, dotterels and lapwings. They are small to medium-sized birds with compact bodies, short, thick necks and long, usually pointed, wings. They are found in open country worldwide, mostly in habitats near water. *Black-bellied plover, ''Pluvialis squatarola'' (A) *Blacksmith lapwing, ''Vanellus armatus'' *Senegal lapwing, ''Vanellus lugubris'' *Black-winged lapwing, ''Vanellus melanopterus'' *Crowned lapwing, ''Vanellus coronatus'' *Wattled lapwing, ''Vanellus senegallus'' *Caspian plover, ''Charadrius asiaticus'' (A) *Kittlitz's plover, ''Charadrius pecuarius'' *Common ringed plover, ''Charadrius hiaticula'' *Three-banded plover, ''Charadrius tricollaris'' *White-fronted plover, ''Charadrius marginatus'' (A) *Chestnut-banded plover, ''Charadrius pallidus''


Painted-snipes

Order: CharadriiformesFamily: Rostratulidae Painted-snipes are short-legged, long-billed birds similar in shape to the true snipes, but more brightly coloured. *Greater painted-snipe, ''Rostratula benghalensis''


Jacanas

Order: CharadriiformesFamily: Jacanidae The jacanas are a group of tropical waders in the family Jacanidae. They are found throughout the tropics. They are identifiable by their huge feet and claws which enable them to walk on floating vegetation in the shallow lakes that are their preferred habitat. *Lesser jacana, ''Microparra capensis'' (A) *African jacana, ''Actophilornis africanus''


Sandpipers and allies

Order: CharadriiformesFamily: Scolopacidae Scolopacidae is a large diverse family of small to medium-sized shorebirds including the sandpipers, curlews, godwits, Tringa, shanks, tattler (bird), tattlers, woodcocks, snipes, dowitchers and phalaropes. The majority of these species eat small invertebrates picked out of the mud or soil. Variation in length of legs and bills enables multiple species to feed in the same habitat, particularly on the coast, without direct competition for food. *Ruddy turnstone, ''Arenaria interpres'' (A) *Ruff (bird), Ruff, ''Calidris pugnax'' *Curlew sandpiper, ''Calidris ferruginea'' *Sanderling, ''Calidris alba'' (A) *Little stint, ''Calidris minuta'' *African snipe, ''Gallinago nigripennis'' *Terek sandpiper, ''Xenus cinereus'' (A) *Common sandpiper, ''Actitis hypoleucos'' *Green sandpiper, ''Tringa ochropus'' *Common greenshank, ''Tringa nebularia'' *Marsh sandpiper, ''Tringa stagnatilis'' *Wood sandpiper, ''Tringa glareola''


Buttonquail

Order: CharadriiformesFamily: Turnicidae The buttonquail are small, drab, running birds which resemble the true quails. The female is the brighter of the sexes and initiates courtship. The male incubates the eggs and tends the young. *Small buttonquail, ''Turnix sylvatica'' *Black-rumped buttonquail, ''Turnix nanus'' *Fynbos buttonquail, ''Turnix hottentottus''


Pratincoles and coursers

Order: CharadriiformesFamily: Glareolidae Glareolidae is a family of wading birds comprising the pratincoles, which have short legs, long pointed wings and long forked tails, and the coursers, which have long legs, short wings and long, pointed bills which curve downwards. *Temminck's courser, ''Cursorius temminckii'' *Bronze-winged courser, ''Rhinoptilus chalcopterus'' *Collared pratincole, ''Glareola pratincola''


Gulls, terns, and skimmers

Order: CharadriiformesFamily: Laridae Laridae is a family of medium to large seabirds, the gulls, terns and Skimmer (bird), skimmers. Gulls are typically grey or white, often with black markings on the head or wings. They have stout, longish bills and webbed feet. Terns are a group of generally medium to large seabirds typically with grey or white plumage, often with black markings on the head. Most terns hunt fish by diving but some pick insects off the surface of fresh water. Terns are generally long-lived birds, with several species known to live in excess of 30 years. *Gray-hooded gull, ''Chroicocephalus cirrocephalus'' (A) *Sooty tern, ''Onychoprion fuscatus'' (A) *Caspian tern, ''Hydroprogne caspia'' (A) *White-winged tern, ''Chlidonias leucopterus'' *Whiskered tern, ''Chlidonias hybrida''


Storks

Order: CiconiiformesFamily: Ciconiidae Storks are large, long-legged, long-necked, wading birds with long, stout bills. Storks are mute, but bill-clattering is an important mode of communication at the nest. Their nests can be large and may be reused for many years. Many species are migratory. *African openbill, ''Anastomus lamelligerus'' *Black stork, ''Ciconia nigra'' *Abdim's stork, ''Ciconia abdimii'' *African woolly-necked stork, ''Ciconia microscelis'' *White stork, ''Ciconia ciconia'' *Saddle-billed stork, ''Ephippiorhynchus senegalensis'' *Marabou stork, ''Leptoptilos crumenifer'' *Yellow-billed stork, ''Mycteria ibis''


Anhingas

Order: SuliformesFamily: Anhingidae Anhingas or darters are often called "snake-birds" because of their long thin neck, which gives a snake-like appearance when they swim with their bodies submerged. The males have black and dark-brown plumage, an erectile crest on the nape and a larger bill than the female. The females have much paler plumage especially on the neck and underparts. The darters have completely webbed feet and their legs are short and set far back on the body. Their plumage is somewhat permeable, like that of cormorants, and they spread their wings to dry after diving. *African darter, ''Anhinga rufa''


Cormorants and shags

Order: SuliformesFamily: Phalacrocoracidae Phalacrocoracidae is a family of medium to large coastal, fish-eating seabirds that includes cormorants and shags. Plumage colouration varies, with the majority having mainly dark plumage, some species being black-and-white and a few being colourful. *Long-tailed cormorant, ''Microcarbo africanus'' *Great cormorant, ''Phalacrocorax carbo''


Pelicans

Order: PelecaniformesFamily: Pelecanidae Pelicans are large water birds with a distinctive pouch under their beak. As with other members of the order Pelecaniformes, they have webbed feet with four toes. *Great white pelican, ''Pelecanus onocrotalus'' (A) *Pink-backed pelican, ''Pelecanus rufescens''


Hammerkop

Order: PelecaniformesFamily: Scopidae The hammerkop is a medium-sized bird with a long shaggy crest. The shape of its head with a curved bill and crest at the back is reminiscent of a hammer, hence its name. Its plumage is drab-brown all over. *Hamerkop, ''Scopus umbretta''


Herons, egrets, and bitterns

Order: PelecaniformesFamily: Ardeidae The family Ardeidae contains the bitterns, herons and egrets. Herons and egrets are medium to large wading birds with long necks and legs. Bitterns tend to be shorter necked and more wary. Members of Ardeidae fly with their necks retracted, unlike other long-necked birds such as storks, ibises and spoonbills. *Little bittern, ''Ixobrychus minutus'' *Dwarf bittern, ''Ixobrychus sturmii'' *Gray heron, ''Ardea cinerea'' *Black-headed heron, ''Ardea melanocephala'' *Goliath heron, ''Ardea goliath'' *Purple heron, ''Ardea purpurea'' *Great egret, ''Ardea alba'' *Intermediate egret, ''Ardea intermedia'' *Little egret, ''Egretta garzetta'' *Black heron, ''Egretta ardesiaca'' (A) *Cattle egret, ''Bubulcus ibis'' *Squacco heron, ''Ardeola ralloides'' *Rufous-bellied heron, ''Ardeola rufiventris'' (A) *Striated heron, ''Butorides striata'' *Black-crowned night-heron, ''Nycticorax nycticorax'' *White-backed night-heron, ''Gorsachius leuconotus''


Ibises and spoonbills

Order: PelecaniformesFamily: Threskiornithidae Threskiornithidae is a family of large terrestrial and wading birds which includes the ibises and spoonbills. They have long, broad wings with 11 primary and about 20 secondary feathers. They are strong fliers and despite their size and weight, very capable soarers. *Glossy ibis, ''Plegadis falcinellus'' *African sacred ibis, ''Threskiornis aethiopicus'' *Southern bald ibis, ''Geronticus calvus'' *Hadada ibis, ''Bostrychia hagedash'' *African spoonbill, ''Platalea alba''


Secretarybird

Order: AccipitriformesFamily: Sagittariidae The secretarybird is a bird of prey in the order Accipitriformes but is easily distinguished from other raptors by its long crane-like legs. *Secretarybird, ''Sagittarius serpentarius''


Osprey

Order: AccipitriformesFamily: Pandionidae The family Pandionidae contains only one species, the osprey. The osprey is a medium-large bird of prey, raptor which is a specialist fish-eater with a worldwide distribution. *Osprey, ''Pandion haliaetus''


Hawks, eagles, and kites

Order: AccipitriformesFamily: Accipitridae Accipitridae is a family of birds of prey, which includes hawks, eagles, Kite (bird), kites, Harrier (bird), harriers and Old World vultures. These birds have powerful hooked beaks for tearing flesh from their prey, strong legs, powerful talons and keen eyesight. *Black-winged kite, ''Elanus caeruleus'' *African harrier-hawk, ''Polyboroides typus'' *European honey-buzzard, ''Pernis apivorus'' (A) *African cuckoo-hawk, ''Aviceda cuculoides'' *White-headed vulture, ''Trigonoceps occipitalis'' *Lappet-faced vulture, ''Torgos tracheliotos'' *Hooded vulture, ''Necrosyrtes monachus'' *White-backed vulture, ''Gyps africanus'' *Cape griffon, ''Gyps coprotheres'' *Bateleur, ''Terathopius ecaudatus'' *Black-chested snake-eagle, ''Circaetus pectoralis'' *Brown snake-eagle, ''Circaetus cinereus'' *Bat hawk, ''Macheiramphus alcinus'' (A) *Crowned eagle, ''Stephanoaetus coronatus'' *Martial eagle, ''Polemaetus bellicosus'' *Long-crested eagle, ''Lophaetus occipitalis'' *Lesser spotted eagle, ''Clanga pomarina'' (A) *Wahlberg's eagle, ''Hieraaetus wahlbergi'' *Booted eagle, ''Hieraaetus pennatus'' *Tawny eagle, ''Aquila rapax'' *Steppe eagle, ''Aquila nipalensis'' *Verreaux's eagle, ''Aquila verreauxii'' *African hawk-eagle, ''Aquila spilogaster'' *Lizard buzzard, ''Kaupifalco monogrammicus'' *Dark chanting-goshawk, ''Melierax metabates'' (A) *Gabar goshawk, ''Micronisus gabar'' *African marsh-harrier, ''Circus ranivorus'' *Black harrier, ''Circus maurus'' (A) *Montagu's harrier, ''Circus pygargus'' *African goshawk, ''Accipiter tachiro'' *Shikra, ''Accipiter badius'' *Little sparrowhawk, ''Accipiter minullus'' *Ovambo sparrowhawk, ''Accipiter ovampensis'' (A) *Rufous-breasted sparrowhawk, ''Accipiter rufiventris'' *Black goshawk, ''Accipiter melanoleucus'' *Black kite, ''Milvus migrans'' *African fish-eagle, ''Haliaeetus vocifer'' *Common buzzard, ''Buteo buteo'' *Forest buzzard, ''Buteo trizonatus'' (A) *Jackal buzzard, ''Buteo rufofuscus''


Barn-owls

Order: StrigiformesFamily: Tytonidae Barn-owls are medium to large owls with large heads and characteristic heart-shaped faces. They have long strong legs with powerful talons. *African grass-owl, ''Tyto capensis'' *Barn owl, ''Tyto alba''


Owls

Order: StrigiformesFamily: Strigidae The typical owls are small to large solitary nocturnal birds of prey. They have large forward-facing eyes and ears, a hawk-like beak and a conspicuous circle of feathers around each eye called a facial disk. *African scops-owl, ''Otus senegalensis'' *Southern white-faced owl, ''Ptilopsis granti'' *Cape eagle-owl, ''Bubo capensis'' *Spotted eagle-owl, ''Bubo africanus'' *Verreaux's eagle-owl, ''Bubo lacteus'' *Pel's fishing-owl, ''Scotopelia peli'' (A) *Pearl-spotted owlet, ''Glaucidium perlatum'' *African barred owlet, ''Glaucidium capense'' *African wood-owl, ''Strix woodfordii'' *Marsh owl, ''Asio capensis''


Mousebirds

Order: ColiiformesFamily: Coliidae The mousebirds are slender greyish or brown birds with soft, hairlike body feathers and very long thin tails. They are arboreal and scurry through the leaves like rodents in search of berries, fruit and buds. They are acrobatic and can feed upside down. All species have strong claws and reversible outer toes. They also have crests and stubby bills. *Speckled mousebird, ''Colius striatus'' *Red-faced mousebird, ''Urocolius indicus''


Trogons

Order: TrogoniformesFamily: Trogonidae The family Trogonidae includes trogons and quetzals. Found in tropical woodlands worldwide, they feed on insects and fruit, and their broad bills and weak legs reflect their diet and arboreal habits. Although their flight is fast, they are reluctant to fly any distance. Trogons have soft, often colourful, feathers with distinctive male and female plumage. *Narina trogon, ''Apaloderma narina''


Hoopoes

Order: BucerotiformesFamily: Upupidae Hoopoes have black, white and orangey-pink colouring with a large erectile crest on their head. *Eurasian hoopoe, ''Upupa epops''


Woodhoopoes and scimitarbills

Order: BucerotiformesFamily: Phoeniculidae The woodhoopoes are related to the kingfishers, Coraciidae, rollers and hoopoes. They most resemble the hoopoes with their long curved bills, used to probe for insects, and short rounded wings. However, they differ in that they have metallic plumage, often blue, green or purple, and lack an erectile crest. *Green woodhoopoe, ''Phoeniculus purpureus'' *Common scimitarbill, ''Rhinopomastus cyanomelas''


Ground-hornbills

Order:Bucerotiformes Family: Bucorvidae The ground-hornbills are terrestrial birds which feed almost entirely on insects, other birds, snakes, and amphibians. *Southern ground-hornbill, ''Bucorvus leadbeateri''


Hornbills

Order: BucerotiformesFamily: Bucerotidae Hornbills are a group of birds whose bill is shaped like a cow's horn, but without a twist, sometimes with a casque on the upper mandible. Frequently, the bill is brightly coloured. *Crowned hornbill, ''Lophoceros alboterminatus'' *African gray hornbill, ''Lophoceros nasutus'' *Southern yellow-billed hornbill, ''Tockus leucomelas'' *Southern red-billed hornbill, ''Tockus rufirostris'' *Trumpeter hornbill, ''Bycanistes bucinator''


Kingfishers

Order: CoraciiformesFamily: Alcedinidae Kingfishers are medium-sized birds with large heads, long, pointed bills, short legs and stubby tails. *Half-collared kingfisher, ''Alcedo semitorquata'' *Malachite kingfisher, ''Corythornis cristatus'' *African pygmy kingfisher, ''Ispidina picta'' *Gray-headed kingfisher, ''Halcyon leucocephala'' *Woodland kingfisher, ''Halcyon senegalensis'' *Brown-hooded kingfisher, ''Halcyon albiventris'' *Striped kingfisher, ''Halcyon chelicuti'' *Giant kingfisher, ''Megaceryle maximus'' *Pied kingfisher, ''Ceryle rudis''


Bee-eaters

Order: CoraciiformesFamily: Meropidae The bee-eaters are a group of near passerine birds in the family Meropidae. Most species are found in Africa but others occur in southern Europe, Madagascar, Australia and New Guinea. They are characterised by richly coloured plumage, slender bodies and usually elongated central tail feathers. All are colourful and have long downturned bills and pointed wings, which give them a swallow-like appearance when seen from afar. *White-fronted bee-eater, ''Merops bullockoides'' *Little bee-eater, ''Merops pusillus'' *Blue-cheeked bee-eater, ''Merops persicus'' *European bee-eater, ''Merops apiaster'' *Southern carmine bee-eater, ''Merops nubicoides''


Rollers

Order: CoraciiformesFamily: Coraciidae Rollers resemble crows in size and build, but are more closely related to the kingfishers and bee-eaters. They share the colourful appearance of those groups with blues and browns predominating. The two inner front toes are connected, but the outer toe is not. *European roller, ''Coracias garrulus'' *Lilac-breasted roller, ''Coracias caudata'' *Rufous-crowned roller, ''Coracias naevia'' *Broad-billed roller, ''Eurystomus glaucurus''


African barbets

Order: PiciformesFamily: Lybiidae The African barbets are plump birds, with short necks and large heads. They get their name from the bristles which fringe their heavy bills. Most species are brightly coloured. *Crested barbet, ''Trachyphonus vaillantii'' *White-eared barbet, ''Stactolaema leucotis'' (A) *Yellow-rumped tinkerbird, ''Pogoniulus bilineatus'' *Red-fronted tinkerbird, ''Pogoniulus pusillus'' *Yellow-fronted tinkerbird, ''Pogoniulus chrysoconus'' *Pied barbet, ''Tricholaema leucomelas'' *Black-collared barbet, ''Lybius torquatus''


Honeyguides

Order: PiciformesFamily: Indicatoridae Honeyguides are among the few birds that feed on wax. They are named for the greater honeyguide which leads traditional honey-hunters to bees' nests and, after the hunters have harvested the honey, feeds on the remaining contents of the hive. *Wahlberg's honeyguide, ''Prodotiscus regulus'' *Lesser honeyguide, ''Indicator minor'' *Scaly-throated honeyguide, ''Indicator variegatus'' *Greater honeyguide, ''Indicator indicator''


Woodpeckers

Order: PiciformesFamily: Picidae Woodpeckers are small to medium-sized birds with chisel-like beaks, short legs, stiff tails and long tongues used for capturing insects. Some species have feet with two toes pointing forward and two backward, while several species have only three toes. Many woodpeckers have the habit of tapping noisily on tree trunks with their beaks. *Rufous-necked wryneck, ''Jynx ruficollis'' *Cardinal woodpecker, ''Chloropicus fuscescens'' *Bearded woodpecker, ''Chloropicus namaquus'' *Olive woodpecker, ''Chloropicus griseocephalus'' *Ground woodpecker, ''Geocolaptes olivaceus'' *Bennett's woodpecker, ''Campethera bennettii'' *Golden-tailed woodpecker, ''Campethera abingoni''


Falcons and caracaras

Order: FalconiformesFamily: Falconidae Falconidae is a family of diurnal birds of prey. They differ from hawks, eagles and kites in that they kill with their beaks instead of their talons. *Lesser kestrel, ''Falco naumanni'' (A) *Rock kestrel, ''Falco rupicolus'' *Red-footed falcon, ''Falco vespertinus'' (A) *Amur falcon, ''Falco amurensis'' *Eurasian hobby, ''Falco subbuteo'' *Lanner falcon, ''Falco biarmicus'' *Peregrine falcon, ''Falco peregrinus''


Old World parrots

Order: PsittaciformesFamily: Psittaculidae Characteristic features of parrots include a strong curved bill, an upright stance, strong legs, and clawed zygodactyl feet. Many parrots are vividly colored, and some are multi-colored. In size they range from to in length. Old World parrots are found from Africa east across south and southeast Asia and Oceania to Australia and New Zealand. *Rose-ringed parakeet, ''Psittacula krameri'' (I)


New World and African parrots

Order: PsittaciformesFamily: Psittacidae New World and African parrots are small to large birds with a characteristic curved beak. Their upper mandibles have slight mobility in the joint with the skull and they have a generally erect stance. All parrots are zygodactyl, having the four toes on each foot placed two at the front and two to the back. *Meyer's parrot, ''Poicephalus meyeri'' (A) *Brown-headed parrot, ''Poicephalus cryptoxanthus''


African and green broadbills

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Calyptomenidae The broadbills are small, brightly coloured birds, which feed on fruit and also take insects in flycatcher fashion, snapping their broad bills. Their habitat is canopies of wet forests. *African broadbill, ''Smithornis capensis''


Cuckooshrikes

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Campephagidae The cuckooshrikes are small to medium-sized passerine birds. They are predominantly greyish with white and black, although some species are brightly coloured. *Gray cuckooshrike, ''Coracina caesia'' *White-breasted cuckooshrike, ''Coracina pectoralis'' (A) *Black cuckooshrike, ''Campephaga flava''


Old World orioles

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Oriolidae The Old World orioles are colourful passerine birds. They are not related to the New World orioles. *Eurasian golden oriole, ''Oriolus oriolus'' *African black-headed oriole, ''Oriolus larvatus''


Wattle-eyes and batises

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Platysteiridae The wattle-eyes, or puffback flycatchers, are small stout passerine birds of the African tropics. They get their name from the brightly coloured fleshy eye decorations found in most species in this group. *Black-throated wattle-eye, ''Platysteira peltata'' (A) *Cape batis, ''Batis capensis'' *Chinspot batis, ''Batis molitor''


Vangas, helmetshrikes, and allies

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Vangidae The helmetshrikes are similar in build to the shrikes, but tend to be colourful species with distinctive crests or other head ornaments, such as wattles, from which they get their name. *White helmetshrike, ''Prionops plumatus'' *Retz's helmetshrike, ''Prionops retzii''


Bushshrikes and allies

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Malaconotidae Bushshrikes are similar in habits to shrikes, hunting insects and other small prey from a perch on a bush. Although similar in build to the shrikes, these tend to be either colourful species or largely black; some species are quite secretive. *Brubru, ''Nilaus afer'' *Black-backed puffback, ''Dryoscopus cubla'' *Black-crowned tchagra, ''Tchagra senegala'' *Brown-crowned tchagra, ''Tchagra australis'' *Southern tchagra, ''Tchagra tchagra'' *Southern boubou, ''Laniarius ferrugineus'' *Bokmakierie, ''Telophorus zeylonus'' *Sulphur-breasted bushshrike, ''Telophorus sulfureopectus'' *Olive bushshrike, ''Telophorus olivaceus'' *Four-colored bushshrike, ''Telophorus viridis'' *Grey-headed bushshrike, Gray-headed bushshrike, ''Malaconotus blanchoti''


Drongos

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Dicruridae The drongos are mostly black or dark grey in colour, sometimes with metallic tints. They have long forked tails, and some Asian species have elaborate tail decorations. They have short legs and sit very upright when perched, like a shrike. They flycatch or take prey from the ground. *Common square-tailed drongo, ''Dicrurus ludwigii'' *Fork-tailed drongo, ''Dicrurus adsimilis''


Monarch flycatchers

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Monarchidae The monarch flycatchers are small to medium-sized insectivorous passerines which hunt by flycatching. *African crested-flycatcher, ''Trochocercus cyanomelas'' *African paradise-flycatcher, ''Terpsiphone viridis''


Shrikes

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Laniidae Shrikes are passerine birds known for their habit of catching other birds and small animals and impaling the uneaten portions of their bodies on thorns. A typical shrike's beak is hooked, like a bird of prey. *Red-backed shrike, ''Lanius collurio'' *Lesser grey shrike, ''Lanius minor'' *Magpie shrike, ''Lanius melanoleucus'' *Southern fiscal, ''Lanius collaris''


Crows, jays, and magpies

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Corvidae The family Corvidae includes crows, ravens, jays, choughs, magpies, treepies, nutcracker (bird), nutcrackers and ground jays. Corvids are above average in size among the Passeriformes, and some of the larger species show high levels of intelligence. *Cape crow, ''Corvus capensis'' *Pied crow, ''Corvus albus'' *White-necked raven, ''Corvus albicollis''


Fairy flycatchers

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Stenostiridae Most of the species of this small family are found in Africa, though a few inhabit tropical Asia. They are not closely related to other birds called "flycatchers". *Fairy flycatcher, ''Stenostira scita'' (A)


Tits, chickadees, and titmice

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Paridae The Paridae are mainly small stocky woodland species with short stout bills. Some have crests. They are adaptable birds, with a mixed diet including seeds and insects. *Southern black-tit, ''Melaniparus niger''


Penduline-tits

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Remizidae The penduline-tits are a group of small passerine birds related to the true tits. They are insectivores. *African penduline-tit, ''Anthoscopus caroli''


Larks

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Alaudidae Larks are small terrestrial birds with often extravagant songs and display flights. Most larks are fairly dull in appearance. Their food is insects and seeds. *Eastern long-billed lark, ''Certhilauda semitorquata'' *Dusky lark, ''Pinarocorys nigricans'' (A) *Chestnut-backed sparrow-lark, ''Eremopterix leucotis'' *Sabota lark, ''Calendulauda sabota'' *Rudd's lark, ''Heteromirafra ruddi'' *Rufous-naped lark, ''Mirafra africana'' *Flappet lark, ''Mirafra rufocinnamomea'' *Red-capped lark, ''Calandrella cinerea''


Nicators

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Nicatoridae The nicators are shrike-like, with hooked bills. They are endemic to sub-Saharan Africa. *Eastern nicator, ''Nicator gularis''


African warblers

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Macrosphenidae African warblers are small to medium-sized insectivores which are found in a wide variety of habitats south of the Sahara. *Cape crombec, ''Sylvietta rufescens'' *Cape grassbird, ''Sphenoeacus afer''


Cisticolas and allies

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Cisticolidae The Cisticolidae are warblers found mainly in warmer southern regions of the Old World. They are generally very small birds of drab brown or grey appearance found in open country such as grassland or scrub. *Yellow-bellied eremomela, ''Eremomela icteropygialis'' *Greencap eremomela, ''Eremomela scotops'' (A) *Burnt-neck eremomela, ''Eremomela usticollis'' *Stierling's wren-warbler, ''Calamonastes stierlingi'' *Green-backed camaroptera, ''Camaroptera brachyura'' *Bar-throated apalis, ''Apalis thoracica'' *Yellow-breasted apalis, ''Apalis flavida'' *Rudd's apalis, ''Apalis ruddi'' *Tawny-flanked prinia, ''Prinia subflava'' *Karoo prinia, ''Prinia maculosa'' *Drakensberg prinia, ''Prinia hypoxantha'' *Red-faced cisticola, ''Cisticola erythrops'' *Rock-loving cisticola, ''Cisticola aberrans'' *Rattling cisticola, ''Cisticola chiniana'' *Wailing cisticola, ''Cisticola lais'' *Levaillant's cisticola, ''Cisticola tinniens'' *Croaking cisticola, ''Cisticola natalensis'' *Piping cisticola, ''Cisticola fulvicapillus'' *Zitting cisticola, ''Cisticola juncidis'' *Desert cisticola, ''Cisticola aridulus'' *Cloud cisticola, ''Cisticola textrix'' *Pale-crowned cisticola, ''Cisticola cinnamomeus'' *Wing-snapping cisticola, ''Cisticola ayresii''


Reed warblers and allies

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Acrocephalidae The members of this family are usually rather large for "warblers". Most are rather plain olivaceous brown above with much yellow to beige below. They are usually found in open woodland, reedbeds, or tall grass. The family occurs mostly in southern to western Eurasia and surroundings, but it also ranges far into the Pacific, with some species in Africa. *African yellow-warbler, ''Iduna natalensis'' *Icterine warbler, ''Hippolais icterina'' *Sedge warbler, ''Acrocephalus schoenobaenus'' *Marsh warbler, ''Acrocephalus palustris'' *Common reed warbler, ''Acrocephalus scirpaceus'' *Lesser swamp warbler, ''Acrocephalus gracilirostris'' *Great reed warbler, ''Acrocephalus arundinaceus''


Grassbirds and allies

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Locustellidae Locustellidae are a family of small insectivorous songbirds found mainly in Eurasia, Africa, and the Australian region. They are smallish birds with tails that are usually long and pointed, and tend to be drab brownish or buffy all over. *River warbler, ''Locustella fluviatilis'' (A) *Fan-tailed grassbird, ''Catriscus brevirostris'' *Little rush warbler, ''Bradypterus baboecala''


Swallows

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Hirundinidae The family Hirundinidae is adapted to aerial feeding. They have a slender streamlined body, long pointed wings and a short bill with a wide gape. The feet are adapted to perching rather than walking, and the front toes are partially joined at the base. *Brown-throated martin, Plain martin, ''Riparia paludicola'' *Bank swallow, ''Riparia riparia'' *Banded martin, ''Neophedina cincta'' *Rock martin, ''Ptyonoprogne fuligula'' *Barn swallow, ''Hirundo rustica'' *White-throated swallow, ''Hirundo albigularis'' *Wire-tailed swallow, ''Hirundo smithii'' *Pearl-breasted swallow, ''Hirundo dimidiata'' *Montane blue swallow, ''Hirundo atrocaerulea'' *Greater striped swallow, ''Cecropis cucullata'' *Lesser striped swallow, ''Cecropis abyssinica'' *Rufous-chested swallow, ''Cecropis semirufa'' *Common house-martin, ''Delichon urbicum'' *Black sawwing, ''Psalidoprocne pristoptera'' *Gray-rumped swallow, ''Pseudhirundo griseopyga''


Bulbuls

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Pycnonotidae Bulbuls are medium-sized songbirds. Some are colourful with yellow, red or orange vents, cheeks, throats or supercilia, but most are drab, with uniform olive-brown to black plumage. Some species have distinct crests. *Sombre greenbul, ''Andropadus importunus'' *Yellow-bellied greenbul, ''Chlorocichla flaviventris'' (A) *Terrestrial brownbul, ''Phyllastrephus terrestris'' *Yellow-streaked greenbul, ''Phyllastrephus flavostriatus'' *Common bulbul, ''Pycnonotus barbatus''


Leaf warblers

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Phylloscopidae Leaf warblers are a family of small insectivorous birds found mostly in Eurasia and ranging into Wallacea and Africa. The species are of various sizes, often green-plumaged above and yellow below, or more subdued with grayish-green to grayish-brown colors. *Willow warbler, ''Phylloscopus trochilus'' *Yellow-throated woodland-warbler, ''Phylloscopus ruficapillus''


Sylviid warblers, parrotbills, and allies

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Sylviidae The family Sylviidae is a group of small insectivorous passerine birds. They mainly occur as breeding species, as the common name implies, in Europe, Asia and, to a lesser extent, Africa. Most are of generally undistinguished appearance, but many have distinctive songs. *Garden warbler, ''Sylvia borin'' *Bush blackcap, ''Sylvia nigricapillus'' (A) *Chestnut-vented warbler, ''Curruca subcoerulea'' *Greater whitethroat, ''Curruca communis''


White-eyes, yuhinas, and allies

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Zosteropidae The white-eyes are small and mostly undistinguished, their plumage above being generally some dull colour like greenish-olive, but some species have a white or bright yellow throat, breast or lower parts, and several have buff flanks. As their name suggests, many species have a white ring around each eye. *Cape white-eye, ''Zosterops virens'' *Southern yellow white-eye, ''Zosterops anderssoni ''


Laughingthrushes and allies

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Leiothrichidae The members of this family are diverse in size and colouration, though those of genus Turdoides tend to be brown or greyish. The family is found in Africa, India, and southeast Asia. *Arrow-marked babbler, ''Turdoides jardineii''


Oxpeckers

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Buphagidae As both the English and scientific names of these birds imply, they feed on ectoparasites, primarily ticks, found on large mammals. *Red-billed oxpecker, ''Buphagus erythrorynchus'' *Yellow-billed oxpecker, ''Buphagus africanus'' (Ex)


Starlings

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Sturnidae Starlings are small to medium-sized passerine birds. Their flight is strong and direct and they are very gregarious. Their preferred habitat is fairly open country. They eat insects and fruit. Plumage is typically dark with a metallic sheen. *Wattled starling, ''Creatophora cinerea'' (A) *Common myna, ''Acridotheres tristis'' (I) *Violet-backed starling, ''Cinnyricinclus leucogaster'' *Red-winged starling, ''Onychognathus morio'' *Black-bellied starling, ''Notopholia corrusca'' *Burchell's starling, ''Lamprotornis australis'' *African pied starling, ''Lamprotornis bicolor'' *Cape starling, ''Lamprotornis nitens''


Thrushes and allies

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Turdidae The Thrush (bird), thrushes are a group of passerine birds that occur mainly in the Old World. They are plump, soft plumaged, small to medium-sized insectivores or sometimes omnivores, often feeding on the ground. Many have attractive songs. *Orange ground-thrush, ''Geokichla gurneyi'' *Groundscraper thrush, ''Turdus litsitsirupa'' *Kurrichane thrush, ''Turdus libonyana'' *Olive thrush, ''Turdus olivaceus''


Old World flycatchers

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Muscicapidae Old World flycatchers are a large group of small passerine birds native to the Old World. They are mainly small arboreal insectivores. The appearance of these birds is highly varied, but they mostly have weak songs and harsh calls. *African dusky flycatcher, ''Muscicapa adusta'' *Spotted flycatcher, ''Muscicapa striata'' *Pale flycatcher, ''Agricola pallidus'' *Gray tit-flycatcher, ''Fraseria plumbea'' *Ashy flycatcher, ''Fraseria caerulescens'' *Fiscal flycatcher, ''Melaenornis silens'' *Southern black-flycatcher, ''Melaenornis pammelaina'' *Brown scrub-robin, ''Cercotrichas signata'' (A) *Bearded scrub-robin, ''Cercotrichas quadrivirgata'' *Red-backed scrub-robin, ''Cercotrichas leucophrys'' *Cape robin-chat, ''Cossypha caffra'' *White-throated robin-chat, ''Cossypha humeralis'' *White-browed robin-chat, ''Cossypha heuglini'' *Red-capped robin-chat, ''Cossypha natalensis'' *Chorister robin-chat, ''Cossypha dichroa'' *White-starred robin, ''Pogonocichla stellata'' *Sentinel rock-thrush, ''Monticola explorator'' *Cape rock-thrush, ''Monticola rupestris'' *African stonechat, ''Saxicola torquatus'' *Buff-streaked chat, ''Campicoloides bifasciatus'' *Mocking cliff-chat, ''Thamnolaea cinnamomeiventris'' *Southern anteater-chat, ''Myrmecocichla formicivora'' (A) *Mountain wheatear, ''Myrmecocichla monticola'' *Capped wheatear, ''Oenanthe pileata'' (A) *Familiar chat, ''Oenanthe familiaris''


Sugarbirds

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Promeropidae The sugarbirds resemble large sunbirds in general appearance and habits, but are possibly more closely related to the Australian honeyeaters. They have brownish plumage, the long downcurved bill of passerine nectar feeders and long tail feathers. *Gurney's sugarbird, ''Promerops gurneyi''


Sunbirds and spiderhunters

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Nectariniidae The sunbirds and spiderhunters are very small passerine birds which feed largely on nectar, although they will also take insects, especially when feeding young. Flight is fast and direct on their short wings. Most species can take nectar by hovering like a hummingbird, but usually perch to feed. *Collared sunbird, ''Hedydipna collaris'' *Olive sunbird, ''Cyanomitra olivacea'' *Mouse-coloured sunbird, ''Cyanomitra veroxii'' *Amethyst sunbird, ''Chalcomitra amethystina'' *Scarlet-chested sunbird, ''Chalcomitra senegalensis'' *Malachite sunbird, ''Nectarinia famosa'' *Southern double-collared sunbird, ''Cinnyris chalybeus'' *Greater double-collared sunbird, ''Cinnyris afer'' *Mariqua sunbird, ''Cinnyris mariquensis'' *Purple-banded sunbird, ''Cinnyris bifasciatus'' *White-breasted sunbird, ''Cinnyris talatala''


Weavers and allies

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Ploceidae The weavers are small passerine birds related to the finches. They are seed-eating birds with rounded conical bills. The males of many species are brightly coloured, usually in red or yellow and black, some species show variation in colour only in the breeding season. *Red-billed buffalo-weaver, ''Bubalornis niger'' *Red-headed weaver, ''Anaplectes rubriceps'' *Spectacled weaver, ''Ploceus ocularis'' *Cape weaver, ''Ploceus capensis'' *African golden-weaver, ''Ploceus subaureus'' *Holub's golden-weaver, ''Ploceus xanthops'' *Southern brown-throated weaver, ''Ploceus xanthopterus'' (A) *Lesser masked-weaver, ''Ploceus intermedius'' *Southern masked-weaver, ''Ploceus velatus'' *Village weaver, ''Ploceus cucullatus'' *Forest weaver, ''Ploceus bicolor'' *Red-headed quelea, ''Quelea erythrops'' *Red-billed quelea, ''Quelea quelea'' *Southern red bishop, ''Euplectes orix'' *Yellow-crowned bishop, ''Euplectes afer'' (A) *Yellow bishop, ''Euplectes capensis'' *White-winged widowbird, ''Euplectes albonotatus'' *Red-collared widowbird, ''Euplectes ardens'' *Fan-tailed widowbird, ''Euplectes axillaris'' *Long-tailed widowbird, ''Euplectes progne'' *Grosbeak weaver, ''Amblyospiza albifrons''


Waxbills and allies

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Estrildidae The estrildid finches are small passerine birds of the Old World tropics and Australasia. They are gregarious and often colonial seed eaters with short thick but pointed bills. They are all similar in structure and habits, but have wide variation in plumage colours and patterns. *Bronze mannikin, ''Spermestes cucullatus'' *Magpie mannikin, ''Spermestes fringilloides'' *Black-and-white mannikin, ''Spermestes bicolor'' *Swee waxbill, ''Coccopygia melanotis'' *Green-backed twinspot, ''Mandingoa nitidula'' *Black-tailed waxbill, ''Glaucestrilda perreini'' (A) *Common waxbill, ''Estrilda astrild'' *Quailfinch, ''Ortygospiza atricollis'' *Cut-throat finch, Cut-throat, ''Amadina fasciata'' *Zebra waxbill, ''Amandava subflava'' *Southern cordonbleu, ''Uraeginthus angolensis'' *Green-winged pytilia, ''Pytilia melba'' *Pink-throated twinspot, ''Hypargos margaritatus'' *Red-billed firefinch, ''Lagonosticta senegala'' *African firefinch, ''Lagonosticta rubricata'' *Jameson's firefinch, ''Lagonosticta rhodopareia''


Indigobirds

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Viduidae The indigobirds are finch-like species which usually have black or indigo predominating in their plumage. All are brood parasites, which lay their eggs in the nests of estrildid finches. *Pin-tailed whydah, ''Vidua macroura'' *Eastern paradise-whydah, ''Vidua paradisaea'' *Village indigobird, ''Vidua chalybeata'' *Variable indigobird, ''Vidua funerea'' *Purple indigobird, ''Vidua purpurascens'' *Parasitic weaver, ''Anomalospiza imberbis''


Old World sparrows

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Passeridae Old World sparrows are small passerine birds. In general, sparrows tend to be small, plump, brown or grey birds with short tails and short powerful beaks. Sparrows are seed eaters, but they also consume small insects. *House sparrow, ''Passer domesticus'' (I) *Great rufous sparrow, ''Passer motitensis'' *Cape sparrow, ''Passer melanurus'' (A) *Southern gray-headed sparrow, ''Passer diffusus'' *Yellow-throated bush sparrow, ''Gymnoris superciliaris''


Wagtails and pipits

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Motacillidae Motacillidae is a family of small passerine birds with medium to long tails. They include the wagtails, longclaws and pipits. They are slender, ground feeding insectivores of open country. *Cape wagtail, ''Motacilla capensis'' *Mountain wagtail, ''Motacilla clara'' *Western yellow wagtail, ''Motacilla flava'' *African pied wagtail, ''Motacilla aguimp'' *African pipit, ''Anthus cinnamomeus'' *Nicholson's pipit, ''Anthus nicholsoni'' *Plain-backed pipit, ''Anthus leucophrys'' *Buffy pipit, ''Anthus vaalensis'' *Striped pipit, ''Anthus lineiventris'' *Yellow-tufted pipit, ''Anthus crenatus'' *Short-tailed pipit, ''Anthus brachyurus'' *Bush pipit, ''Anthus caffer'' *Orange-throated longclaw, ''Macronyx capensis'' *Yellow-throated longclaw, ''Macronyx croceus''


Finches, euphonias, and allies

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Fringillidae Finches are seed-eating passerine birds, that are small to moderately large and have a strong beak, usually conical and in some species very large. All have twelve tail feathers and nine primaries. These birds have a bouncing flight with alternating bouts of flapping and gliding on closed wings, and most sing well. *Yellow-fronted canary, ''Crithagra mozambicus'' *Forest canary, ''Crithagra scotops'' *Black-throated canary, ''Crithagra atrogularis'' *Brimstone canary, ''Crithagra sulphuratus'' *Yellow canary, ''Crithagra flaviventris'' (A) *Streaky-headed seedeater, ''Crithagra gularis'' *Cape canary, ''Serinus canicollis''


Old World buntings

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Emberizidae The emberizids are a large family of passerine birds. They are seed-eating birds with distinctively shaped bills. Many emberizid species have distinctive head patterns. *Golden-breasted bunting, ''Emberiza flaviventris'' *Cape bunting, ''Emberiza capensis'' *Lark-like bunting, ''Emberiza impetuani'' (A) *Cinnamon-breasted bunting, ''Emberiza tahapisi''


See also

*List of birds *Lists of birds by region


References

* *


External links


Birds of Swaziland
- World Institute for Conservation and Environment {{Africa topic, List of birds of Lists of birds by country, Eswatini Lists of birds of Southern Africa, Eswatini Lists of biota of Eswatini, birds Lists of birds of Africa, Eswatini