The

British Overseas Territory The British Overseas Territories (BOTs), also known as the United Kingdom Overseas Territories (UKOTs), are fourteen territories with a constitutional and historical link with the United Kingdom. They are the last remnants of the former Bri ...

Bermuda ) , anthem = "God Save the King" , song_type = National song , song = " Hail to Bermuda" , image_map = , map_caption = , image_map2 = , mapsize2 = , map_caption2 = , subdivision_type = Sovereign state , subdivision_name = , e ...

has a long history of encounters with Atlantic tropical cyclones, many of which inflicted significant damage and influenced the territory's development. A small archipelago comprising about 138 islands and islets, Bermuda occupies in the North Atlantic Ocean, roughly east of

Cape Hatteras, North Carolina Cape Hatteras is a cape located at a pronounced bend in Hatteras Island, one of the barrier islands of North Carolina. Long stretches of beach, sand dunes, marshes, and maritime forests create a unique environment where wind and waves sha ...

. The islands are situated far outside the main development region for Atlantic hurricanes,Elsner and Kara, p. 233 but within the typical belt of recurving tropical cyclones. Most storms form in the central Atlantic or western Caribbean Sea before approaching Bermuda from the southwest; storms forming north of 28°N are unlikely to impact the territory.Elsner and Kara, p. 234 According to the Bermuda Weather Service, the islands of Bermuda experience a damaging tropical cyclone once every six to seven years, on average. Due to the small area of the island chain,

landfall Landfall is the event of a storm moving over land after being over water. More broadly, and in relation to human travel, it refers to 'the first land that is reached or seen at the end of a journey across the sea or through the air, or the fact ...

s and direct hits are rare. Strictly speaking, only ten landfalls have occurred during years included in the official Atlantic hurricane database, starting in 1851. When hurricanes

Fay A fairy (also fay, fae, fey, fair folk, or faerie) is a type of mythical being or legendary creature found in the folklore of multiple European cultures (including Celtic, Slavic, Germanic, English, and French folklore), a form of spirit, ...

and Gonzalo struck Bermuda just days apart in October 2014, that season became the first to produce two landfalls. Two damaging storms impacted Bermuda in September 1899, but the center of the first storm narrowly missed the islands. Tropical cyclones, and their antecedent or remnant weather systems, have affected the territory in all seasons, most frequently in the late summer months. A study of recorded storms from 1609 to 1996 found that direct hits from hurricanes were most common in early September and late October, with an intervening relative lull creating two distinct 'seasons'. Hurricanes late in the year are often in the process of undergoing

extratropical transition Extratropical cyclones, sometimes called mid-latitude cyclones or wave cyclones, are low-pressure areas which, along with the anticyclones of high-pressure areas, drive the weather over much of the Earth. Extratropical cyclones are capable of p ...

and receiving

baroclinic In fluid dynamics, the baroclinity (often called baroclinicity) of a stratified fluid is a measure of how misaligned the gradient of pressure is from the gradient of density in a fluid. In meteorology a baroclinic flow is one in which the densi ...

enhancement.Elsner and Kara, p. 236 Bermuda is less likely to be impacted during years when the Caribbean, Gulf of Mexico, and southeastern United States are favored targets. Even in intense hurricanes, the islands tend to fare relatively well; ever since a cyclone in 1712 destroyed many wooden buildings, most structures have been built with stone walls and roofs, and are able to withstand severe winds. As a result, hurricane-related deaths have been uncommon since the early 18th century. Ten storms have collectively caused 129 fatalities; 110 of them, or 85%, were the result of shipwrecks along the shore in Hurricane "Ten" of 1926.

Hurricane Fabian Hurricane Fabian was a powerful Cape Verde hurricane that impacted Bermuda in early September during the 2003 Atlantic hurricane season. It was the sixth named storm, fourth hurricane, and first major hurricane of the season, developed from a t ...

in 2003 was the only system in the

weather satellite A weather satellite or meteorological satellite is a type of Earth observation satellite that is primarily used to monitor the weather and climate of the Earth. Satellites can be polar orbiting (covering the entire Earth asynchronously), or geo ...

era to cause storm-related deaths. In total, 191 distinct storm events are listed, with widely varying degrees of damage. A hurricane in 1609 was responsible for the first permanent settlement on Bermuda: in late July, the Jamestown-bound, British ship ''

Sea Venture ''Sea Venture'' was a seventeenth-century English sailing ship, part of the Third Supply mission to the Jamestown Colony, that was wrecked in Bermuda in 1609. She was the 300 ton purpose-built flagship of the London Company and a highly unusual ...

'' nearly foundered in the storm and sought refuge on the islands, which the passengers found surprisingly hospitable. Hurricane Fabian was the most intense storm to impact the territory in modern times, though officially it did not make landfall, and was the only storm to have its name

retired Retirement is the withdrawal from one's position or occupation or from one's active working life. A person may also semi-retire by reducing work hours or workload. Many people choose to retire when they are elderly or incapable of doing their j ...

for effects in Bermuda. The costliest storms were Fabian and Gonzalo, which caused about $300 million and $200–400 million in damage respectively (2003 and 2014

USD The United States dollar (symbol: $; code: USD; also abbreviated US$ or U.S. Dollar, to distinguish it from other dollar-denominated currencies; referred to as the dollar, U.S. dollar, American dollar, or colloquially buck) is the official ...

). Accounting for inflation and continued development, Fabian would have likely wrought around $650 million in damage had it struck in 2014. The most recent tropical cyclone to seriously affect the islands was Hurricane Paulette in September 2020.

List of storms

1543–1799

*1543 – The year 1543 and indistinct initials are carved on a rock in the modern-day

Spittal Pond Nature Reserve Spittal Pond Nature Reserve is the largest wildlife sanctuary in Bermuda, located close to the Atlantic coast of Smith's Parish. Surrounding the third largest pond in Bermuda, Spittal Pond, it covers an area of . It is one of 13 parks or reserv ...

, likely by the occupants of a Portuguese vessel that became separated from her fleet and driven aground in the summer months. Thirty sailors survive on Bermuda for about 60 days, during which time they construct a seaworthy craft from recovered timbers of their wrecked ship. Given the time of year, a tropical hurricane may be responsible for this incident. *July 24, 1609 – A hurricane sets the stage for the British colonization of Bermuda when a ship bound for

Jamestown, Virginia The Jamestown settlement in the Colony of Virginia was the first permanent English settlement in the Americas. It was located on the northeast bank of the James (Powhatan) River about southwest of the center of modern Williamsburg. It was ...

, is caught in the storm and forced to steer aground. When a fleet of

Virginia Company The Virginia Company was an English trading company chartered by King James I on 10 April 1606 with the object of colonizing the eastern coast of America. The coast was named Virginia, after Elizabeth I, and it stretched from present-day Main ...

ships tasked with resupplying the failing Jamestown colony encounters the hurricane, the flagship, ''

'', becomes separated from the other vessels and begins to take on water. The increasingly waterlogged ''Sea Venture'' battles the rough seas until July 28, when, just as the crew becomes resigned to their fate, Admiral

Sir George Somers Sir George Somers (before 24 April 1554 – 9 November 1610) was an English privateer and naval hero, knighted for his achievements and the Admiral of the Virginia Company of London. He achieved renown as part of an expedition led by ...

spots the uninhabited rocky shores of Bermuda. To prevent the ship from sinking, Somers deliberately drives her onto the reefs about a half mile off the eastern coast. Using the ship's

longboat A longboat is a type of ship's boat that was in use from ''circa'' 1500 or before. Though the Royal Navy replaced longboats with launches from 1780, examples can be found in merchant ships after that date. The longboat was usually the largest boat ...

, all 150 settlers, as well as the crew, make it safely ashore.Tucker, pp. 20–23 The so-called "Isle of Devils" proves far more hospitable than initially feared, with abundant food and resources. Two new ships, the ''Deliverance'' and the ''Patience'', are constructed, and nearly all of the ''Sea Venture's'' original occupants set sail for Jamestown. The Virginia Company administers the islands until the formation of the

Somers Isles Company The Somers Isles Company (fully, the Company of the City of London for the Plantacion of The Somers Isles or the Company of The Somers Isles) was formed in 1615 to operate the English colony of the Somers Isles, also known as Bermuda, as a commer ...

in 1615. The tale of the ''Sea Venture'' inspired

William Shakespeare William Shakespeare ( 26 April 1564 – 23 April 1616) was an English playwright, poet and actor. He is widely regarded as the greatest writer in the English language and the world's pre-eminent dramatist. He is often called England's nation ...

to write '' The Tempest'', and the

coat of arms of Bermuda The coat of arms of Bermuda depicts a red lion holding a shield that has a depiction of a wrecked ship upon it. The red lion is a symbol of Great Britain and alludes to Bermuda's relationship with that country. The Latin motto under the coat of a ...

features a prominent representation of the shipwreck. *July (?) 1612 – A hurricane destroys a recently constructed church. *September 1615 – A severe hurricane strikes Bermuda *November 1619 – Two hurricanes strike Bermuda during the month, sinking at least one ship, the Warwick, uprooting large trees, ruining the entire winter corn crop, and destroying a wooden watchtower constructed seven years earlier.Tucker, pp. 25–26 The rapid succession of two hurricanes leaves the colony with a severe food shortage. *1620 – A hurricane flattens hastily built shacks, while two fishermen are lost at sea.Tucker, pp. 26 *September 13, 1621 – The arrival of a supply ship into port is delayed by stormy conditions; by the time the vessel wrecks along the coast, some of her passengers have died of a rampant illness. *August 16, 1629 – The most damaging hurricane thus far in the colony's history destroys crops, several forts, a prison, and the rebuilt watchtower. *October 20, 1639 – Two Spanish ships ground out in a hurricane; the occupants are brought ashore, and charged monthly accommodation fees until their departure the following February. The sailors claim that the Governor had prevented them from leaving the colony except by means of purchasing their own ship. *October 16, 1664 – A British ship blows aground in the midst of a storm. *August 24, 1669 – One ship is wrecked by a hurricane along the shore of Castle Island, with five men lost, and another capsizes roughly off Ireland Island. *1686 – Hurricane season leaves the Government House in a state of disrepair.Tucker, p. 34

1700–1799

*September 8, 1712 – A severe hurricane buffets Bermuda for eight hours, destroying most of the churches. The storm highlights the necessity of ongoing efforts to shift from wood construction to stone.Tucker, p. 36 *1713 – By November, the effects of two hurricanes are evident, though the collective impact is less severe than that of the 1712 hurricane. *1715 – A disastrous hurricane destroys the rest of the wooden churches left standing after the 1712 hurricane. *1726 – A season of stormy weather includes two hurricane strikes in rapid succession. Private and public buildings alike are damaged by the hurricanes, and the persistent bad weather leads to a stream of stricken ships entering St. George's Harbour for repairs. Without the support of the

, which was dissolved in 1684, impoverished colonists grow disillusioned; they are often unable to repair storm-related damage, the crops in 1726 are a complete loss, and the small supply of gunpowder is compromised. *1728 – The newly appointed

Governor of Bermuda The Governor of Bermuda (fully the ''Governor and Commander-in-Chief of the Somers Isles (alias the Islands of Bermuda)'') is the representative of the British monarch in the British overseas territory of Bermuda. For the purposes of this art ...

, John Pitt, arrives to find the island in distress from a recent hurricane impact. The official residence requires repair once more. *October 18, 1780 – After emerging from the

Lesser Antilles The Lesser Antilles ( es, link=no, Antillas Menores; french: link=no, Petites Antilles; pap, Antias Menor; nl, Kleine Antillen) are a group of islands in the Caribbean Sea. Most of them are part of a long, partially volcanic island arc betwe ...

, where it establishes itself as the deadliest Atlantic hurricane on record, the

Great Hurricane of 1780 The Great Hurricane of 1780 was the deadliest Atlantic hurricane on record. An estimated 22,000 people died throughout the Lesser Antilles when the storm passed through the islands from October 10 to October 16. Specifics on the hurricane's tra ...

devastates Bermuda, likely passing southeast of the islands. Some fifty ships are driven ashore with the

storm surge A storm surge, storm flood, tidal surge, or storm tide is a coastal flood or tsunami-like phenomenon of rising water commonly associated with low-pressure weather systems, such as cyclones. It is measured as the rise in water level above the no ...

, and vast swaths of trees are uprooted; the town of St. George's is left with a "completely denuded air." Many homes are demolished. Famine and a

smallpox Smallpox was an infectious disease caused by variola virus (often called smallpox virus) which belongs to the genus Orthopoxvirus. The last naturally occurring case was diagnosed in October 1977, and the World Health Organization (WHO) cer ...

epidemic take hold in the aftermath of the hurricane. *September 1786 – Houses are damaged and trees are uprooted by a hurricane, and the cotton crop is largely destroyed. *October 23, 1793 – A violent hurricane passes near the islands, causing "inconceivable" damage to homes and public buildings, many of them being totally destroyed. The storm topples several thousand trees and wreaks havoc on shipping; every vessel in St. George's Harbour is driven aground, many ships being wrecked or heavily damaged, and numerous wharves are lost. Most of the 40 or so

fish pond A fish pond or fishpond is a controlled pond, small artificial lake or retention basin that is stocked with fish and is used in aquaculture for fish farming, for recreational fishing, or for ornamental purposes. Fish ponds are a classical ga ...

s along the north shore of St. David's Island, with a cumulative capacity of about 5,000 fish, are destroyed.

1800–1849

*September 9–10, 1800 – The sloop ''John'' founders amid rough seas from a tropical storm or hurricane; her entire crew is rescued.Tucker, pp. 42–43 Bermuda is subjected to a period of

gale A gale is a strong wind; the word is typically used as a descriptor in nautical contexts. The U.S. National Weather Service defines a gale as sustained surface winds moving at a speed of between 34 and 47 knots (, or ). *November 4–5, 1800 – A hurricane brings strong winds to the islands, "destroying every shrub in its direction." Damage to trees and crops is substantial, and multiple vessels are driven ashore. This hurricane prompts a change in attitude toward the need for a lighthouse in Bermuda, and the establishment of a Marine Society is sought to aid families of sailors lost along the rocky coasts. *August 4–5, 1813 – Prior to this storm, St. George's Harbour becomes congested with numerous warships and detained merchant ships due to a war between Great Britain and the United States. Squally conditions on August 4 worsen throughout the night, and by early the following morning, winds roar at , tearing roofs from homes and ships from their moorings. There are violent collisions between vessels in the crowded harbour; nearly every ship is driven ashore or wrecked. Untold quantities of cargo are lost, with little to salvage. Despite the damage, only one life is lost, aboard the

ketch A ketch is a two- masted sailboat whose mainmast is taller than the mizzen mast (or aft-mast), and whose mizzen mast is stepped forward of the rudder post. The mizzen mast stepped forward of the rudder post is what distinguishes the ketch fr ...

''General Doyle''. In the storm's wake, construction begins on a new breakwater.Tucker, pp. 44–46 *October 15–19, 1814 – A hurricane strikes the islands "head-on," with persistent gale-force winds. Roads are clogged with debris and some homes are flooded, though damage is generally minor. *1815 – A slow-moving hurricane on an unspecified date batters the islands, altering the configuration of the coastline. *August 1818 – A hurricane unroofs the Town Hall building on Front Street in the City of Hamilton. *September 19, 1828 – A hurricane to the northwest produces gale-force winds. *June 6–7, 1832 – The center of a tropical cyclone passes over or very close to the islands. Two schooners in St. George's Harbour are driven aground, and several houses are partially or totally unroofed. Tree damage is extensive. *September 11–12, 1839 – One of the worst storms in Bermuda's history strikes the islands from the south with an exceptional storm surge. Boats along the southern shore are carried ashore and deposited in fields,Reid, p. 443 while various species of fish are seen hundreds of yards inland. Hurricane-force winds uproot many thousands of trees and level numerous homes; few structures escape damage. Roadways are left impassable by debris from trees, walls, and fences. Many families are left homeless, some forced to abandon their homes in the middle of the night and endure the storm in the open. Sea spray renders nearly all residential wells brackish. Despite the destruction, no lives are reported lost. The storm is typically known as ''Reid's Hurricane'', after the newly appointed Bermuda Governor William Reid who studied and documented Atlantic hurricanes with great interest. *October 21, 1841 – Hurricane-force winds from a nearby cyclone destroy a couple houses and damage several more, as well as destroying trees and food crops. Potato plants are left "as black and withered as if destroyed by a severe frost." *October 8–9, 1842 – Winds increase to Force 9 as a hurricane passes to the north. *August 18, 1843 – A distant hurricane is felt in the form of gusty winds. *October 27, 1845 – The islands experience gale-force winds from a tropical cyclone to the east. *September 17–18, 1846 – Squally weather and pounding surf indicate the passage of a hurricane to the south and west. Aside from damage to trees, no major destruction is reported. *October 15, 1848 – Violent winds and tides from a nearby hurricane batter the islands. Many wharves are submerged or entirely washed away, while stone walls and part of a breakwater collapse from the force of the surge. Roadways and homes in Flatts Village are also flooded.

1850–1899

*September 6–8, 1853 – The outer fringes of a

major hurricane Major ( commandant in certain jurisdictions) is a military rank of commissioned officer status, with corresponding ranks existing in many military forces throughout the world. When used unhyphenated and in conjunction with no other indicator ...

are felt in the islands, but no damage is reported. *September 26–27, 1853 – A

tropical cyclone A tropical cyclone is a rapidly rotating storm system characterized by a low-pressure center, a closed low-level atmospheric circulation, strong winds, and a spiral arrangement of thunderstorms that produce heavy rain and squalls. Depend ...

to the east produces gale-force winds and heavy rainfall.Tucker, p. 61 *October 21, 1854 – A

tropical storm A tropical cyclone is a rapidly rotating storm system characterized by a low-pressure center, a closed low-level atmospheric circulation, strong winds, and a spiral arrangement of thunderstorms that produce heavy rain and squalls. Depen ...

passes a short distance to the southeast with Force 11 winds. "Great" property damage is reported, particularly at Spanish Point, and numerous boats are destroyed. Observers witness two possible tornadoes: one that passes over Boaz Island, scouring the ground, and another in eastern

Paget Parish Paget Parish is one of the nine parishes of Bermuda. It is named for William Paget, 4th Baron Paget de Beaudesert (1572–1629). The parish is located in the central south of the island chain, immediately south of Hamilton Harbor on t ...

that topples trees and unroofs a home. *October 23–24, 1858 – The center of a moderate hurricane passes near the islands with powerful winds and flooding tides. The storm damages many homes and churches, and uproots a large number of trees. *October 4, 1866 – Force 11 winds are reported on the outer fringes of a distant

hurricane A tropical cyclone is a rapidly rotating storm system characterized by a low-pressure center, a closed low-level atmospheric circulation, strong winds, and a spiral arrangement of thunderstorms that produce heavy rain and squalls. Depend ...

. Buildings sustain roof and wall damage, trees are toppled, and several boats are damaged or wrecked.Tucker, p. 64 *September 10, 1870 – A

to the northwest blows down a large number of banana trees. Floating Dock BERMUDA Tafel3

*September 5, 1874 – A

to the west generates huge swells as sea spray defoliates plants across the territory. *October 20–23, 1876 – Gale-force winds and heavy rainfall mark the passage of a

to the north. *August 27–28, 1878 – Streets are clogged with fallen trees as a

passes to the north.Tucker, pp. 67–68 At the height of a storm, a

floating dry dock Floating may refer to: * a type of dental work performed on horse teeth * use of an isolation tank * the guitar-playing technique where chords are sustained rather than scratched * ''Floating'' (play), by Hugh Hughes * Floating (psychological ...

—the largest ever built at the time—is damaged after breaking from its moorings at HM Dockyard, crushing wharves and a mooring bridge. The dock came to rest on a

breakwater Breakwater may refer to: * Breakwater (structure), a structure for protecting a beach or harbour Places * Breakwater, Victoria, a suburb of Geelong, Victoria, Australia * Breakwater Island, Antarctica * Breakwater Islands, Nunavut, Canada * Br ...

. *August 29–30, 1880 – A slow-moving

, locally cited as the most severe since 1839, makes its closest approach approximately to the northeast. Intense winds cause "vast" damage to buildings and vegetation, particularly in eastern parts of the islands. A newly built school is destroyed in

Smith's Parish Smith's Parish is one of the nine parishes of Bermuda. It is named for English aristocrat Sir Thomas Smith/Smythe (1558–1625). Description It is located in the northeast of the main island, at the southern end of Harrington Sound, the large ...

, and the Causeway sustains significant damage.Tucker, pp. 69–71 Several ships are driven aground, and dozens of smaller boats are wrecked. Fruit crops are a total loss. *October 14, 1880 – Blustery squalls are reported along the fringe of a

to the southeast. *August 28, 1891 – Heavy squalls and winds to Force 6 indicate the passage of a

to the east. The storm damages trees, telegraph wires, and stone walls. *September 19–22, 1891 – A slow-moving

Category 2 hurricane Category, plural categories, may refer to: Philosophy and general uses *Categorization, categories in cognitive science, information science and generally *Category of being * ''Categories'' (Aristotle) *Category (Kant) *Categories (Peirce) *C ...

approaches from the east and recurves just before the islands. High winds bring down trees and utility wires, and a Spanish brig loaded with lumber wrecks along the southwestern shore. *October 4, 1891 – A moderate hurricane to the west produces a prolonged period of strong winds and heavy rain, but no appreciable damage is reported.Tucker, p. 72 *October 17–18, 1891 – A

passes a short distance to the west with extremely high tides and pounding waves. The Causeway is extensively damaged. *August 19–20, 1892 – Though winds are relatively light, a

to the west causes some agricultural, structural, and maritime damage. *October 15, 1892 – Winds just below hurricane force are recorded at the

Gibbs Hill Lighthouse Built in 1844 by Cottam and Hallen of Cornwall Road, Lambeth; in their works within sight of Waterloo Bridge Erected by the Royal Engineers, the Gibb's Hill Lighthouse is the taller of two lighthouses on Bermuda, and one of the first lighthouses ...

as a

passes to the east. *October 26, 1894 – A fast-moving hurricane to the west delivers a brief period of hurricane-force winds, toppling trees and telephone poles. The storm blows down roofing material and ruins vegetable crops. *October 24, 1895 – Wind gusts of are reported in association with a direct hit from a moderate hurricane. Dozens of telephone poles are snapped, while "enormous" trees are uprooted. Extensive damage befalls homes, businesses, and public buildings. *September 4, 1899 – A

Category 1 hurricane Category, plural categories, may refer to: Philosophy and general uses *Categorization, categories in cognitive science, information science and generally *Category of being * ''Categories'' (Aristotle) * Category (Kant) *Categories (Peirce) * ...

passes just to the northwest, producing hurricane-force winds and significant damage. *September 12–13, 1899 – The distinct eye of a

Category 3 hurricane Category, plural categories, may refer to: Philosophy and general uses *Categorization, categories in cognitive science, information science and generally *Category of being * ''Categories'' (Aristotle) *Category (Kant) *Categories (Peirce) *C ...

tracks over Bermuda with severe damage reported in many areas. As residents are preoccupied with cleanup efforts from the previous storm, the hurricane catches the islands off-guard.Tucker, pp. 76–80 Houses are unroofed or completely destroyed, and large boulders along the southern shore are tossed inland. Wharves and boats are wrecked. HM Dockyard in particular takes heavy losses, amounting to "at least five figures" (

GBP Sterling (abbreviation: stg; Other spelling styles, such as STG and Stg, are also seen. ISO code: GBP) is the currency of the United Kingdom and nine of its associated territories. The pound ( sign: £) is the main unit of sterling, and ...

). St. George's Parish is cut off from the mainland after the Causeway is demolished by strong waves, at a cost of around £15,000. The hurricane also extensively damages crops and vegetation, dealing a major blow to farmers. Early estimates place total property damage at £100,000, and this storm remains the strongest on record to impact the islands until Hurricane Ten of 1926.

1900s

*September 17, 1900 – Strong winds from a

to the east cause little damage. *September 28, 1903 – A

passing a short distance to the east causes significant damage. Winds of uproot large numbers of trees, while heavy rainfall washes out roadways. Along the coast, docks, seawalls, and boats are destroyed;Tucker, pp. 85–87 hundreds of buildings throughout the islands are damaged. Two fatalities are attributed to the storm: one man drowns at Ireland Island, and another is crushed by a collapsing wall in St. George's. *September 8–9, 1906 – A

to the northwest brushes the islands with winds, blowing down roof slates, telephone wires, and trees. One man drowns after being blown off Watford Bridge, and another fatality occurs in Hamilton Harbour as a sailboat capsizes in a severe squall. A ferry in the harbour is destroyed by fire, which briefly threatens to spread to land. *October 13, 1909 – A dissipating

produces strong winds.Tucker, p. 88

1910s

*September 25, 1910 – A moderate hurricane to the east damages buildings in St. George's, topples a few banana trees, and blows a ship aground. Heavy rains provide residents with many months of clean drinking water. *September 3–8, 1915 – A

meanders around the islands for several days, during which time gale-force winds blow from nearly all directions. Heavy rains cause many roofs to leak, and overall damage is extensive. Enormous waves from the hurricane wreck many boats; one cargo ship in particular, the SS ''Pollockshields'', is driven aground on a reef off Elbow Beach. The captain drowns while attempting to procure a life jacket for a crew member, but all other men are eventually rescued. *September 23, 1916 – A

just to the west brings winds of at least . The storm, considered the most severe in many years, damages most structures, with several being nearly or completely destroyed. Exposed buildings along Front Street in Hamilton bear the brunt of the hurricane. Numerous small boats in Hamilton Harbour are wrecked. *September 4, 1917 – Enormous waves and extremely high tides from a

to the east inundate low-lying areas, including the entirety of Market Square in St. George's; individuals at Town Hall become stranded by the rising waters. A large section of Higgs' Island is swept away. *September 4–5, 1918 – The center of a

passes narrowly to the west, sinking or grounding boats and flooding parts of the islands. Winds of at least topple trees and shatter windows.

1920s

*September 15, 1921 – A high-end

inflicts severe damage on trees, public utilities, and small boats while striking the island. Many buildings – including several hotels – suffer damage, mostly of a minor nature.Tucker, pp. 101–102 Wind gusts as high as are recorded at Prospect Hill before the anemometer is toppled. Water wells become contaminated by the sea spray. *September 21, 1922 – Bermuda is struck by a

and associated storm surge, resulting in the highest tide since 1899; an hour-long lull attends the passage of the eye. The hurricane submerges homes, roads, wharves, and other coastal installations, while waves break along the south shore. Winds reaching ravage vegetation, particularly banana trees. Heavy structural damage is also reported throughout the territory, and a number of small houses on White's Island are blown into the water.Tucker, p. 103 Total damage is estimated at $250,000, and one fatality occurs when a sailor falls overboard at the Dockyard. The Loss of the Valerian

*September 23, 1923 – A major hurricane to the northwest brings winds of with gusts to . Parts of St. George's are inundated with seawater, and cottages on St. David's Island are damaged. The storm brings down trees, tree branches, and powerlines. *August 6, 1926 – A

tracks about to the west, causing winds to increase to . A few small boats in harbour are swamped. *October 22, 1926 – A

makes landfall, becoming tied with Hurricane Five of 1899 for the strongest recorded storm to strike the territory. The second half of the cyclone is the more violent, with sustained winds of measured at Prospect Camp, whereupon the Army takes down its anemometer to protect it. Conditions at the Royal Naval Dockyard prevent its personnel from taking its anemometer down; it measures at 13:00 UTC, before the wind destroys it. Gusts over are recorded in the City of Hamilton. Damage is widespread but not extreme; although 40% of Bermuda's houses sustain roof damage, only two are destroyed. The storm destroys banana plantations and fields of other crops.Tucker, p. 107 The ''Arabis''-class warship HMS Valerian' sinks less than from HM Dockyard with 88 men lost and 21 survivors. Another ship, the cargo steamer SS ''Eastway'', is lost near Bermuda along with 22 of her 35 crew members.

1930s

*November 12, 1932 – A

passes about to the southeast, generating gusts to . *August 21, 1933 – As a

passes to the southwest, winds increase to . The slow-moving storm delays the arrival of ships into port. *October 6, 1933 – A

passes to the northwest, delivering gale-force winds. *August 23, 1935 – A

narrowly misses to the northwest, with relatively light winds reported. *June 17, 1936 – The season's first tropical storm produces gusty winds while passing just to the north. *October 16, 1939 – A

Category 4 hurricane Category, plural categories, may refer to: Philosophy and general uses * Categorization, categories in cognitive science, information science and generally * Category of being * ''Categories'' (Aristotle) * Category (Kant) *Categories (Peirce) ...

passes a short distance to the east, causing torrential rain – – and wind gusts as high as . Boats, homes, and vegetation all suffer considerable damage.

1940s

*August 26, 1942 – A

passes about to the east; winds reach in Bermuda. *September 28, 1942 – A

curves around Bermuda with marginal tropical storm-force winds. *October 3, 1942 – Winds blow around as a

passes to the east. *August 24, 1943 – A

passes to the west, delivering a period of hurricane-force winds to Bermuda. *September 3–4, 1943 – Winds to accompany the outer fringes of a hurricane to the east. *October 1, 1943 – A

curves to the west, producing gusty winds. *October 16–17, 1943 – A weakening

to the west causes gale-force winds. *July 18, 1944 – Winds around are observed as a

passes to the northwest. Hurricane Dog (1948) analysis 13 Sep

*October 20, 1947 – A

reaches its peak intensity about to the west, producing damaging winds in excess of . The hurricane cuts electric and telephone services, and numerous boats are sunk, including a ferry outside Hamilton Harbour. Homes are unroofed and trees are blown down, while ten people are slightly injured. Preliminary estimates place damage at $1 million. In the aftermath of the storm, a lineman is killed after falling from a pole during service restoration efforts. *September 13, 1948 – A

passes roughly to the west, battering Bermuda with winds and gusts to . Roadways are clogged with various debris, and St. George's is cut off from the mainland. Meanwhile, some buildings are deroofed. Rainfall totaling nearly triggers street flooding. *October 7, 1948 – The territory encounters a direct hit from a

, with gusts measured at .Tucker, p. 124 The storm uproots thousands of trees and leaves the entire territory without power. Many buildings suffered roof or wall damage; total losses are estimated at $1 million. *September 8, 1949 – A

passes about to the west, though winds in Bermuda remain below hurricane-force. A few tree limbs are broken.

1950s

* September 8, 1950 – Winds near mark the approach of Hurricane Dog from the southwest. * October 2, 1950 – Category 2 Hurricane George passes about to the south, producing tropical storm-force winds. * September 9, 1951 – As Hurricane Easy passes to the southeast, gusty winds blow down several banana trees. * September 27, 1952 – Hurricane Charlie passes to the northwest, resulting in a period of tropical storm-force winds. * September 5, 1953 – Winds near accompany the outer bands of

Hurricane Carol Hurricane Carol was among the worst tropical cyclones on record to affect the states of Connecticut and Rhode Island in the United States. It developed from a tropical wave near the Bahamas on August 25, 1954, and slowly strengthened as ...

to the southwest. The squalls knock down tree limbs and powerlines and injure two motorcyclists, while two motorcyclists in Hamilton are injured after being blown off-balance. * September 11–12, 1953 –

Tropical Storm Dolly The name Dolly has been used for twelve tropical cyclones worldwide. In the Atlantic Ocean: * Hurricane Dolly (1953) – strong hurricane that weakened rapidly before passing over Bermuda * Hurricane Dolly (1954) – stayed far from land * Hurrican ...

makes landfall, but the weakening storm causes little damage. Gale-force winds and moderate rainfall disrupt telephone service. * September 17, 1953 – Category 3

Hurricane Edna Hurricane Edna was a deadly and destructive major hurricane that impacted the United States East Coast in September of the 1954 Atlantic hurricane season. It was one of two hurricanes to strike Massachusetts in that year, the other being Hurrican ...

passes about to the northwest with torrential rains and gusts to around . The winds cause significant damage to homes and trees, and some freshwater flooding is reported. Edna also wreaks havoc on boats in

Hamilton Harbour Hamilton Harbour, formerly known as Burlington Bay, lies on the western tip of Lake Ontario, bounded on the northwest by the City of Burlington, on the south by the City of Hamilton, and on the east by Hamilton Beach (south of the Burlington ...

and disrupts water and power utilities across Bermuda. Three people sustain storm-related injuries. * September 28, 1958 – Hurricane Ilsa to the east causes squally conditions and extensive

beach erosion Coastal erosion is the loss or displacement of land, or the long-term removal of sediment and rocks along the coastline due to the action of waves, currents, tides, wind-driven water, waterborne ice, or other impacts of storms. The landward ...

1960s

*October 7, 1961 – Category 3

Hurricane Frances Hurricane Frances was the second most intense tropical cyclone in the Atlantic during 2004 and proved to be very destructive in Florida. It was the sixth named storm, the fourth hurricane, and the third major hurricane of the 2004 Atlantic hur ...

passes about to the northwest, with its effects limited to rough seas and light rainfall. *October 6, 1962 – Hurricane Daisy to the west results in wind gusts to and heavy surf. *August 9, 1963 – Category 1

Hurricane Arlene The name Arlene has been used for eleven tropical cyclones in the Atlantic Ocean The Atlantic Ocean is the second-largest of the world's five oceans, with an area of about . It covers approximately 20% of Earth's surface and about 29% of it ...

makes landfall and produces torrential rain totaling . Gusts to cause extensive tree damage, enabled by a dearth of recent storms, and further foliage is killed by the sea spray. Heavy losses are reported to citrus and avocado crops. Arlene destroys homes and watercraft, and a yacht club in

Devonshire Parish Devonshire Parish is one of the nine parishes of Bermuda. Originally named ''Cavendish Tribe'' and later Devonshire Tribe, for William Cavendish, 1st Earl of Devonshire (1552–1626). ''Devonshire Redoubt'', on Castle Island, one of the Castle Har ...

is "wiped out in its entirety including every boat." Property damage is estimated at $300,000. *August 8, 1964 – Tropical Storm Brenda makes landfall, spawning a tornado that damages several airplanes. A wind gust recorded by an elevated anemometer is attributed to the tornado. Inga 1969 track

*September 12–13, 1964 – Category 2 Hurricane Ethel passes about to the northwest, bringing wind gusts near hurricane force and heavy rain, totaling . Power and telephone services are interrupted on St. George's, and the Causeway experiences overwash. *July 20–21, 1966 – Hurricane Celia to the west douses Bermuda with heavy but beneficial rain. *August 31 – September 2, 1966 – The outer bands of Hurricane Faith produce heavy rainfall and gusty winds. *October 5, 1969 – Strong winds from Hurricane Inga to the southeast cause brief power outages.

1970s

*October 16, 1970 – An unnamed Category 1 hurricane skirts just to the west, with wind gusts as high as measured by an elevated anemometer. *September 23, 1971 – A long-duration wind event marks the passage of Hurricane Ginger to the south.

Naval Air Station Bermuda Naval Air Station Bermuda (Kindley Field) (usually described in Bermuda as United States Naval Air Station Bermuda, and not to be confused with the former Royal Naval Air Station Bermuda or the United States Naval Air Station Bermuda Annex, whi ...

observes 17 hours of gale-force winds, peaking at . *July 4, 1973 – Category 1 Hurricane Alice produces strong wind gusts and of rain as it passes about to the west. Despite blowing down a few trees and powerlines, the storm proved beneficial, helping to alleviate persistent drought conditions. *September 26–27, 1975 – Category 2 Hurricane Fay passes about to the northeast, generating wind gusts to and dropping of rain. *September 9, 1977 – Light rainfall accumulations are reported in association with Tropical Storm Clara. *September 27, 1977 – Tropical Storm Dorothy passes about to the southeast, yielding of rain. *October 14, 1977 – Tropical Storm Evelyn makes landfall, but the strongest part of the storm remains offshore; Bermuda experiences of rain and only light winds. *September 15, 1978 – A subtropical storm, future- Tropical Storm Hope, brushes the island with light rain showers amounting to . *October 11, 1978 – The remnants of Tropical Storm Juliet combine with a non-tropical storm system to produce moderate rains.

1980s

*September 2, 1981 – The center of Tropical Storm Emily passes near the island, producing rough seas and of rain. *September 8, 1981 –

Hurricane Floyd Hurricane Floyd was a very powerful Cape Verde hurricane which struck the Bahamas and the East Coast of the United States. It was the sixth named storm, fourth hurricane, and third major hurricane in the 1999 Atlantic hurricane season. Floyd ...

weakens to a tropical storm and passes just southeast, placing Bermuda on the weaker side of the cyclone. The encounter yields only brief rain showers. *September 16, 1982 – As Category 2 Hurricane Debby passes about to the west, wind gusts near bring down a few trees and powerlines, but cause no major damage. *September 30, 1984 – The center of Tropical Storm Hortense passes a few miles to the west, with no significant effects. *July 16, 1985 – Tropical Storm Ana passes to the west, producing wind gusts to and heavy rain. Some households lose electricity for several days. *August 12, 1985 – Tropical Storm Claudette to the north causes gusty winds and light rainfall. *August 13, 1987 – Wind gusts to and are reported in association with Tropical Storm Arlene about to the north. *September 25, 1987 – After a bout of unexpected and rapid intensification, fast-moving Hurricane Emily makes landfall at Category 1 intensity, battering the island with a brief burst of destructive winds. The storm's outer bands spawn "dozens" of waterspouts and tornadoes, some of which cause injuries and property damage. Sustained winds of with gusts to bring down many trees, cited as between 80% and 90% of all specimens in the territory. Boats, cars, and utilities also suffer. Of 2,500 houses impacted by the storm, about 200 receive major roof damage. All roads on the island are obstructed by toppled trees and utility poles.Tucker, p. 151 Losses are estimated at $35 million, and over 100 people are treated for minor storm-related injuries. *November 24, 1988 – Bermuda experiences one-minute sustained winds of and gusts to as Tropical Storm Keith to the north becomes extratropical. *August 6, 1989 – The eastern eyewall of Category 2

Hurricane Dean Hurricane Dean was the strongest tropical cyclone of the 2007 Atlantic hurricane season. It was the most intense North Atlantic hurricane since Hurricane Wilma of 2005, tying for eighth overall. Additionally, it made the fourth most intense Atl ...

crosses the island. Winds sustained at with gusts to are reported on the western end. The storm damages at least 648 buildings, along with dozens of boats and vehicles, and sixteen people are injured to some degree. Storm-heightened tides flood coastal streets and homes, while several inches of rain are measured. A parking lot at the airport is totally washed out along with several vehicles.

sustains $3.9 million in damage, contributing to a storm total of $8.9 million. *September 7, 1989 – Large waves from distant Hurricane Gabrielle erode beaches on the south shore.Tucker, p. 153

1990s

*July 30, 1990 –

Hurricane Bertha The name Bertha has been used for ten tropical cyclones in the Atlantic Ocean. * Tropical Storm Bertha (1957), a moderate tropical storm that threatened areas devastated by Hurricane Audrey two months earlier, but did not become a hurricane and cau ...

passes to the northwest, producing wind gusts to . Grace 1991-10-28 1601Z

*October 11, 1990 –

Hurricane Lili Hurricane Lili was the second costliest, deadliest, and strongest hurricane of the 2002 Atlantic hurricane season, only surpassed by Hurricane Isidore, which affected the same areas around a week before Lili. Lili was the twelfth named storm, ...

passes to the south, resulting in squally weather. *October 20, 1990 – Tropical Storm Nana meanders to the south, dropping of rain. *September 8, 1991 – Hurricane Claudette recurves to the east, yielding breezy rainshowers. *October 29, 1991 – Hurricane Grace passes about to the south, dropping of rain and severely eroding beaches. Grace later contributes to the formation of the well-known

1991 Perfect Storm The 1991 Perfect Storm, also known as The No-Name Storm (especially in the years immediately after it took place) and the Halloween Gale/Storm, was a nor'easter that absorbed Hurricane Grace, and ultimately evolved into a small unnamed hurrican ...

. *October 22, 1994 – Hurricane Chris passes to the southeast, producing of rain. *August 15, 1995 –

Hurricane Felix Hurricane Felix was an extremely powerful Category 5 Atlantic hurricane which was the southernmost-landfalling Category 5 storm on record, surpassing Hurricane Edith of 1971. It was the sixth named storm, second hurricane, and second Category ...

passes about to the south-southwest, generating sustained winds of with gusts to . The slow-moving storm cuts power to about 18,000 electric customers, delays an

independence referendum An independence referendum is a type of referendum in which the residents of a territory decide whether the territory should become an independent sovereign state. An independence referendum that results in a vote for independence does not alwa ...

, and causes $2.5 million in damage. Rough seas break boats from their moorings and destroy long swaths of the Causeway's safety walls.Tucker, pp. 154–155 Two other bridges in St. George's receive damage. *September 10, 1995 –

Hurricane Luis Hurricane Luis was a long lived and powerful Category 4 hurricane. It was the strongest hurricane to make landfall and the third-most intense hurricane recorded during the 1995 Atlantic hurricane season. The storm, along with Humberto, Iris, a ...

passes to the northwest, accompanied by gusts to . *September 19, 1995 –

Hurricane Marilyn Hurricane Marilyn was the most powerful hurricane to strike the Virgin Islands since Hurricane Hugo of 1989, and the third such tropical cyclone in roughly a two-week time span to strike or impact the Leeward Islands, the others being Hurricane ...

passes to the west, producing tropical storm-force winds with gusts to . No appreciable damage is reported. *October 20, 1996 –

passes to the southeast, buffeting the island with gusty winds. *September 3, 1998 – Hurricane Danielle passes to the northwest, causing winds with gusts to . *September 21, 1999 – Hurricane Gert passes to the southeast, brushing the island with gusts to at the airport (slightly higher at exposed coastal locations), as well as light rainfall. Above-average tides and waves leave significant beach erosion and affect an estimated 1,100 buildings, while 10,000 homes lose power.

2000–2005

*September 16, 2000 –

Hurricane Florence Hurricane Florence was a powerful and long-lived Cape Verde hurricane that caused catastrophic damage in the Carolinas in September 2018, primarily as a result of freshwater flooding due to torrential rain. The sixth named storm, third ...

passes about to the northwest, with tropical storm-force winds and light rain. *October 15, 2000 – The precursor disturbance to

Hurricane Michael Hurricane Michael was a very powerful and destructive tropical cyclone that became the first Category 5 hurricane to make landfall in the contiguous United States since Andrew in 1992. It was the third-most intense Atlantic hurricane to ma ...

drops several inches of rain. *August 25, 2001 – The remnants of Tropical Storm Dean induce inclement weather. *September 10, 2001 – Gusty winds from Hurricane Erin to the northeast damage trees and powerlines. *September 17, 2001 – Hurricane Gabrielle passes to the northwest, attended by showers and thunderstorms. *September 23, 2001 – Hurricane Humberto passes to the west, producing wind gusts and of rain. *October 11, 2001 – Subtropical Storm Karen strengthens near Bermuda, resulting in damaging wind gusts as high as ; a ship at harbour reports a much higher gust, possibly the result of localised

convection Convection is single or multiphase fluid flow that occurs spontaneously due to the combined effects of material property heterogeneity and body forces on a fluid, most commonly density and gravity (see buoyancy). When the cause of the convecti ...

. The storm system destroys numerous boats and leaves some 23,000 households without power, accounting for more than two-thirds of electric customers. *November 7, 2001 – The combination of

Hurricane Michelle Hurricane Michelle was the fifth costliest tropical cyclone in Cuban history and strongest of the 2001 Atlantic hurricane season. The thirteenth named storm and seventh hurricane that year, Michelle developed from a tropical wave that had tra ...

's extratropical remnants and a developing non-tropical low bring rainy and blustery weather. *November 26 – December 3, 2001 – The tight pressure gradient between distant Hurricane Olga to the east and high pressure to the northwest generates a prolonged period of winds near or above gale force. As Olga moves slowly and erratically southwestward, the effects of its outer reaches include of rain on December 3 and swells. *August 9, 2002 – The remnants of Tropical Storm Cristobal interact with a

cold front A cold front is the leading edge of a cooler mass of air at ground level that replaces a warmer mass of air and lies within a pronounced surface trough of low pressure. It often forms behind an extratropical cyclone (to the west in the Northern H ...

to produce squally conditions. *September 7–9, 2002 – Subtropical Storm Gustav develops to the southwest, delivering persistent clouds and showers. *October 1–2, 2002 – As

Tropical Storm Kyle The name Kyle has been used for four tropical cyclones in the Atlantic Ocean since 1996, the year in which Kyle replaced Klaus on the rotating six-year cycle of names used in the North Atlantic basin. * Tropical Storm Kyle (1996) – formed in th ...

slowly passes to the south, its outer bands drop half of Bermuda's monthly precipitation total for October. *April 18–21, 2003 – Subtropical Storm Ana develops west of Bermuda before slowly looping around to the south as a fully tropical cyclone. The island experiences gusty winds and heavy showers. BDA Fabian damage3

*September 5, 2003 – The island enters the eastern eyewall of Category 3

, the most destructive hurricane in the territory since 1926. Elevated stations record wind gusts in excess of , while the south shore is subjected to waves and an estimated

. Seawater inundates beachfront structures and compromises the Causeway, where four people are swept away in their vehicles. Fabian produces considerable damage to property and vegetation, unroofing some buildings in exposed locations and causing more severe failures in weaker structures. The wind damage is perhaps exacerbated by several small tornadoes reportedly embedded in the hurricane's eyewall. About 25,000 electric customers lose power, and total damage exceeds $300 million. Fabian is the only tropical cyclone in the

era to directly cause fatalities on Bermuda. In response to the hurricane's destruction, the name ''Fabian'' is

and replaced with ''Fred'' for 2009. *September 27, 2003 –

Hurricane Juan A tropical cyclone is a rapidly rotating storm system characterized by a low-pressure center, a closed low-level atmospheric circulation, strong winds, and a spiral arrangement of thunderstorms that produce heavy rain and squalls. Depend ...

's passage to the east is marked by gusty winds. *October 8–10, 2004 –

Subtropical Storm Nicole Subtropical Storm Nicole was the first subtropical storm to receive a name using the standard hurricane name list that did not become a tropical cyclone. The fifteenth tropical or subtropical cyclone and fourteenth named storm of the 2004 Atlant ...

and its precursor disturbance overspread the island with heavy rainfall and winds up to . The system causes minor power outages. *July 26, 2005 – Tropical Storm Franklin far to the west generates wind gusts to . *August 4, 2005 – Tropical Storm Harvey passes about to the south, producing tropical storm-force winds and of rain. The heavy rainfall creates some short-lived street flooding. *September 8, 2005 –

Hurricane Nate Hurricane Nate was an Atlantic hurricane which was the costliest natural disaster in Costa Rican history. An unusually fast-moving tropical cyclone, it caused severe flooding in Central America, leading to widespread destruction and casualties ...

passes to the south, causing rainshowers and gusts to . *October 25, 2005 – Thunderstorms and gusty winds are observed as

Hurricane Wilma Hurricane Wilma was an extremely intense and destructive Atlantic hurricane which was the most intense storm of its kind and the second-most intense tropical cyclone recorded in the Western Hemisphere, after Hurricane Patricia in 2015. Part ...

passes far to the northwest. The hurricane disrupts the flight path of migratory birds, resulting in an unusual increase in

frigatebird Frigatebirds are a family of seabirds called Fregatidae which are found across all tropical and subtropical oceans. The five extant species are classified in a single genus, ''Fregata''. All have predominantly black plumage, long, deeply forked ...

sightings.

2006–2010

*September 11, 2006 – Category 1

passes about to the northwest and bears damaging winds, gusting to at the airport. The winds bring down trees and powerlines, leaving 25,000 households without power, and damage about ten buildings. A small tornado is reported in Southmapton Parish within one of the hurricane's outer bands. Overall damage amounts to $200,000. *November 2–3, 2007 – As

Hurricane Noel Hurricane Noel was a deadly and very damaging tropical cyclone that carved a path of destruction across the Atlantic Ocean from the Caribbean Sea to Newfoundland in late October 2007. The sixteenth tropical depression, fourteenth named storm, an ...

far to the west transitions into a large extratropical cyclone, Bermuda experiences rough seas and gale-force winds. *July 14, 2008 – Tropical Storm Bertha passes about to the east; tropical storm-force winds, gusting as fast as at elevated stations, damage tree limbs and powerlines. Bertha drops about of rain, which leads to minor street flooding. *September 27–28, 2008 –

to the west intensifies into a hurricane, brushing the island with gusty winds and heavy showers. *August 21, 2009 – Hurricane Bill passes to the west, causing squally conditions and high swells that reach just outside the reefs. The storm unmoors several boats, erodes beaches, and briefly cuts power to a few thousand customers. Large waves in Bermuda from Hurricane Igor

Large waves in Bermuda from Hurricane Igor

*August 7–8, 2010 – Tropical Storm Colin approaches from the south with building seas, but dissipates before reaching the island. The dissipating system produces squally conditions. *September 4, 2010 – The island experiences inclement weather from the remnants of Tropical Storm Fiona. *September 19–20, 2010 – As Category 1

Hurricane Igor Hurricane Igor was a very large Cape Verde hurricane and the most destructive tropical cyclone on record to strike the Canadian island of Newfoundland. It originated from a broad area of low pressure that moved off the western coast of Africa on ...

passes about to the west, the airport records ten-minute sustained winds of with gusts to ; gusts over are measured at elevated stations. Igor also produces of rain and a minor storm surge. Igor causes less destruction than feared, leading to only minor structural damage and

coastal flooding Coastal flooding normally occurs when dry and low-lying land is submerged by seawater. The range of a coastal flooding is a result of the elevation of floodwater that penetrates the inland which is controlled by the topography of the coastal lan ...

, but still cuts power to nearly 29,000 households. The storm causes an estimated $500,000 in damage. *October 29, 2010 – Category 1 Hurricane Shary, an unusually small storm, passes to the southeast with no major effects.

2011–2015

*August 15, 2011 – Tropical Storm Gert passes about to the east, bringing light rain and breezy winds. *August 28, 2011 – A weakening

Tropical Storm Jose The name Jose has been used for six tropical cyclones worldwide, five in the Atlantic Ocean and one in the Western Pacific Ocean, a typhoon that traversed the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration Pagasa ma ...

passes about to the west with bands of showers and strong wind gusts. *September 15, 2011 – A brief period of squally weather, marked by wind gusts to and light rainfall accumulations, accompanies the passage of

Hurricane Maria Hurricane Maria was a deadly Category 5 hurricane that devastated the northeastern Caribbean in September 2017, particularly Dominica, Saint Croix, and Puerto Rico. It is regarded as the worst natural disaster in recorded history to affect t ...

to the west. *October 1, 2011 – Hurricane Ophelia passes to the east. High surf and some breezy showers are reported. *November 11, 2011 – Tropical Storm Sean passes about to the north, producing a short period of tropical storm-force winds. The storm impairs several boats around the island. *June 15–17, 2012 – A non-tropical low-pressure area that would later become Hurricane Chris drops moderate to heavy rainfall for several days, with a total of on June 15 breaking the daily rainfall record. Several streets in poor-drainage areas are flooded, some to a depth of . On June 17, as the system continues to develop, a small but intense gale center moves over the island, marked by gusts of at the airport. *September 8–10, 2012 – Slow-moving Tropical Storm Leslie to the east drops of rain, most of which falls on September 9, the island's wettest day in several years; only minor flooding is reported. Gusty winds cause limited power outages, chiefly from powerline contact with overhanging vegetation. *October 16–17, 2012 –

Hurricane Rafael Hurricane Rafael produced minor damage in the northeastern Caribbean Sea in mid-October 2012. The seventeenth named storm and ninth hurricane of the 2012 hurricane season, Rafael originated from a tropical wave roughly 230 mi (370&nbs ...

passes to the east, delivering gusty winds and moderate rainfall. About 1,000 electric customers lose power for a short time. *October 27–29, 2012 – Outer bands from the expansive

Hurricane Sandy Hurricane Sandy (unofficially referred to as ''Superstorm Sandy'') was an extremely destructive and strong Atlantic hurricane, as well as the largest Atlantic hurricane on record as measured by diameter, with tropical-storm-force winds spann ...

to the west affect Bermuda. In addition to wind gusts as high as and light rainfall, the storm's fringes produce a weak tornado in Somerset Village that does minor structural damage. *September 10–11, 2013 – Tropical Storm Gabrielle passes about to the west, causing various minor damage and light power outages. A few trees and tree limbs are blown down. *August 27–28, 2014 – Hurricane Cristobal passes far to the northwest, with its effects limited to gusty winds and heightened surf. Fay storm damage Bermuda

*October 12, 2014 – Category 1 Hurricane Fay makes landfall in Bermuda, causing an unexpectedly great degree of damage. Wind gusts over clog roadways with downed trees and utility poles, and leave most electric customers without power. Along the coast, Fay damages or destroys numerous boats and inundates streets. The terminal building at the airport suffers extensive flooding after the powerful winds compromise its roof and sprinkler system. Insured losses from Fay likely total "tens of millions of dollars." *October 17–18, 2014 – While cleanup and repairs from Fay are still underway, Category 2

Hurricane Gonzalo Hurricane Gonzalo was the second tropical cyclone, after Hurricane Fay, to directly strike the island of Bermuda in a one-week time frame in October 2014, and was the first Category4 Atlantic hurricane since Hurricane Ophelia in 2011. At the t ...

makes landfall on the southwestern coast, severely compounding the damage. The territory experiences up to 12 hours of hurricane-force winds, peaking at at

St. David's Island, Bermuda St. David's Island is one of the main islands of the British Overseas Territory of Bermuda. It is located in the far north of the territory, one of the two similarly sized islands that make up the majority of St. George's Parish. The island was ...

; consequently, widespread roof and structural damage is reported. At the height of the storm, about 31,000 out of 36,000 electricity customers are without power, including 1,500 residual outages from Fay. The hurricane destroys many boats and inflicts minor damage on Causeway, limiting traffic to one lane for several days. Trees and utility poles once again leave "barely a road passable" across the island, and the Bermuda Weather Service building endures wind and water damage. The most significant storm to affect Bermuda since Fabian in 2003, Gonzalo is generally less destructive, and causes no deaths or major injuries. Insured losses are estimated at between $200 and $400 million. *October 4–5, 2015 – Category 1

Hurricane Joaquin Hurricane Joaquin (, ) was a powerful tropical cyclone that devastated several districts of The Bahamas and caused damage in the Turks and Caicos Islands, parts of the Greater Antilles, and Bermuda. It was also the strongest Atlantic hurricane o ...

passes about to the west-northwest, producing several inches of rain and strong winds, gusting as high as at exposed and elevated locations. A structure at the

Bermuda Maritime Museum The National Museum of Bermuda, previously the Bermuda Maritime Museum from its opening in 1974 until 2009 (legislatively formalised in 2013), explores the maritime and island history of Bermuda. The maritime museum is located within the grounds ...

is partially unroofed, and about 15,000 households lose electricity, but damage is generally inconsequential.

2016–present

Paulette 2020-09-14 0510-1310Z making a direct landfall in Bermuda

*January 8, 2016 – The extratropical cyclone that would later become Hurricane Alex generates rough seas and wind gusts. Along with sporadic power outages, air travel and ferry services are interrupted. *September 24, 2016 – Tropical Storm Karl passes about to the southeast. Heavy rainfall, totaling , contributes to Bermuda's wettest September on record, while tropical storm-force winds cut power to about 800 electric customers. *October 13, 2016 – The eye of Category 3 Hurricane Nicole passes over the islands, though the exact center remains just offshore. Gusts as high as blow down trees and power lines, which cuts power to nearly 90% of the territory. Dozens of boats are damaged or destroyed, and entire fields of crops are lost, although property damage is less severe than anticipated. The hurricane drops of rain, becoming one of the wettest recorded tropical cyclones to impact Bermuda. Total damage is estimated at $15 million. *August 3–4, 2017 – Showers and thunderstorms accompany the extratropical remnants of Tropical Storm Emily as they sweep over the islands. *September 18–19, 2017 – The outer bands of slow-moving Hurricane Jose bring gusts as high as and nearly of rain, as well as a prolonged period of large swells. *July 9, 2018 – Moderate showers signal the arrival of

atmospheric instability Atmospheric instability is a condition where the Earth's atmosphere is generally considered to be unstable and as a result the weather is subjected to a high degree of variability through distance and time. Atmospheric stability is a measure of th ...

and moisture from Tropical Storm Chris to the southwest. *July 13, 2018 – The extratropical remnants of Hurricane Beryl, passing between Bermuda and the United States, give rise to light rain and gusty winds. On the next day, the disturbance regenerates into a subtropical cyclone while centered north of the islands. *September 18, 2019 – Bermuda enters the southern eyewall of Category 3 Hurricane Humberto, centered about northwest at its closest approach. Sustained winds of up to with higher gusts hit northern and western areas the hardest, damaging the roofs of as many as 600 buildings. Nearly 28,000 electric customers lose power, many roads are left impassable, and farmers report severe losses to fruit and vegetable crops. On the Bermuda Weather Service campus, a

GOES-16 GOES-16, formerly known as GOES-R before reaching geostationary orbit, is the first of the GOES-R series of Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites (GOES) operated by NASA and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration&n ...

satellite receiving dish and

weather balloon A weather balloon, also known as sounding balloon, is a balloon (specifically a type of high-altitude balloon) that carries instruments aloft to send back information on atmospheric pressure, temperature, humidity and wind speed by means of a ...

launching platform are destroyed, and

weather radar Weather radar, also called weather surveillance radar (WSR) and Doppler weather radar, is a type of radar used to locate precipitation, calculate its motion, and estimate its type (rain, snow, hail etc.). Modern weather radars are mostly pulse- ...

service is cut near the height of the storm. Overall damage is estimated at $25 million. Because of effective preparations, Humberto causes no deaths or serious injuries. *September 24–25, 2019 – Around of rain falls in advance of Hurricane Jerry's dwindling remnant low, which ultimately passes directly over the islands. *September 29 – October 1, 2019 – Clouds and light rain associated with Tropical Storm Karen linger for several days. Meanwhile, Horseshoe Bay is closed to swimmers because of dangerous swells from distant but powerful Hurricane Lorenzo. *July 4–5, 2020 — Moderate rainfall and some thunderstorms with tropical-storm force wind gusts occur as Tropical Depression Five (later Tropical Storm Edouard) passes 70 mi (110 km) to the north of the islands. *September 14–15, 2020 — Hurricane Paulette makes landfall on the northeastern part of the island as a Category 2 hurricane, bringing heavy wind, rain, and storm surge. Just under 70% of the island lost power and wind gusts reached . A direct hit to the island, the eye of the hurricane provided an unusual 3 hour respite from the strong winds. *June 6, 2022 — Tropical Storm Alex makes its closest approach to the island, remaining 220 miles away from the island. The outer bands of the storm caused strong winds and dropped 1-2 inches of rain on the island.

Monthly statistics and landfalls

Deadly storms

The following is a list of hurricanes with known deaths in the territory.

References

;Citations ;General * * * *

External links

''Bernews''
homepage
''The Royal Gazette''
homepage

from Bermuda Online
Bermuda Weather ServiceUnited States National Hurricane Center
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