List Of Schedule 1 Substances (CWC)
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Schedule 1 substances, in the sense of the
Chemical Weapons Convention The Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC), officially the Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production, Stockpiling and Use of Chemical Weapons and on their Destruction, is an arms control treaty administered by the Organisation for ...
, are chemicals which can either be used as chemical weapons themselves or used in the manufacture of chemical weapons and which have no, or very limited, uses outside of chemical warfare. These may be produced or used for research, medical, pharmaceutical or chemical weapon defence testing (called "protective testing" in the treaty) purposes but production above 100 grams per year must be declared to the
OPCW The Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW) is an intergovernmental organisation and the implementing body for the Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC), which entered into force on 29 April 1997. The OPCW, with its 193 member ...
in accordance with Part VI of the "Verification Annex". A country is limited to possessing a maximum of one tonne of these materials. They are sub-divided into Part A substances, which are chemicals that can be used directly as weapons, and Part B which are precursors useful in the manufacture of chemical weapons. Examples are
mustard Mustard may refer to: Food and plants * Mustard (condiment), a paste or sauce made from mustard seeds used as a condiment * Mustard plant, one of several plants, having seeds that are used for the condiment ** Mustard seed, seeds of the mustard p ...
and
nerve A nerve is an enclosed, cable-like bundle of nerve fibers (called axons) in the peripheral nervous system. A nerve transmits electrical impulses. It is the basic unit of the peripheral nervous system. A nerve provides a common pathway for the e ...
agents, and substances which are solely used as precursor chemicals in their manufacture. A few of these chemicals have very small-scale non-military applications; for example, minute quantities of
nitrogen mustard Nitrogen mustards are cytotoxic organic compounds with the chloroethylamine (Cl(CH2)2NR2) functional group. Although originally produced as chemical warfare agents, they were the first chemotherapeutic agents for treatment of cancer. Nitrogen m ...
are used to treat certain
cancer Cancer is a group of diseases involving abnormal cell growth with the potential to invade or spread to other parts of the body. These contrast with benign tumors, which do not spread. Possible signs and symptoms include a lump, abnormal b ...
s. The Schedule 1 list is one of three lists. Chemicals which can be used as weapons, or used in their manufacture, but which have legitimate applications as well are listed in Schedule 2 (small-scale applications) and Schedule 3 (large-scale applications).


Guidelines for Schedule 1

The following criteria shall be taken into account in considering whether a toxic chemical or precursor should be included in Schedule 1: *It has been developed, produced, stockpiled or used as a chemical weapon as defined in Article II; *It poses otherwise a high risk to the object and purpose of this Convention by virtue of its high potential for use in activities prohibited under this Convention because one or more of the following conditions are met: **It possesses a chemical structure closely related to that of other toxic chemicals listed in Schedule 1, and has, or can be expected to have, comparable properties; **It possesses such lethal or incapacitating toxicity as well as other properties that would enable it to be used as a chemical weapon; **It may be used as a precursor in the final single technological stage of production of a toxic chemical listed in Schedule 1, regardless of whether this stage takes place in facilities, in munitions or elsewhere; *It has little or no use for purposes not prohibited under this Convention.


Toxic chemicals

*O-Alkyl (10, incl. cycloalkyl) alkyl (Me, Et, n-Pr or i-Pr)-phosphonofluoridates, ''e.g.'' ::
Sarin Sarin (NATO designation GB G-series, "B"">Nerve_agent#G-series.html" ;"title="hort for Nerve agent#G-series">G-series, "B" is an extremely toxic synthetic organophosphorus compound.Soman Soman (or GD, EA 1210, Zoman, PFMP, A-255, systematic name: ''O''-pinacolyl methylphosphonofluoridate) is an extremely toxic chemical substance. It is a nerve agent, interfering with normal functioning of the mammalian nervous system by inhibiti ...
: O-Pinacolyl methylphosphonofluoridate *O-Alkyl (10, incl. cycloalkyl) N,N-dialkyl (Me, Et, n-Pr or i-Pr) phosphoramidocyanidates, ''e.g.'' :: Tabun: O-Ethyl N,N-dimethylphosphoramidocyanidate *O-Alkyl (H or 10, incl. cycloalkyl) S-2-dialkyl (Me, Et, n-Pr or i-Pr)-aminoethyl alkyl (Me, Et, n-Pr or i-Pr) phosphonothiolates and corresponding alkylated or protonated salts, ''e.g.'' :: VX: O-Ethyl S-2-diisopropylaminoethyl methylphosphonothiolate * Sulfur mustards: ::2-Chloroethylchloromethylsulfide ::
Mustard gas Mustard gas or sulfur mustard is a chemical compound belonging to a family of cytotoxic and blister agents known as mustard agents. The name ''mustard gas'' is technically incorrect: the substance, when dispersed, is often not actually a gas, b ...
: Bis(2-chloroethyl)sulfide ::Bis(2-chloroethylthio)methane ::Sesquimustard: 1,2-Bis(2-chloroethylthio)ethane ::1,3-Bis(2-chloroethylthio)-n-propane ::1,4-Bis(2-chloroethylthio)-n-butane ::1,5-Bis(2-chloroethylthio)-n-pentane ::Bis(2-chloroethylthiomethyl)ether :: O-Mustard: Bis(2-chloroethylthioethyl)ether *Lewisites: :: Lewisite 1: 2-Chlorovinyldichloroarsine ::Lewisite 2: Bis(2-chlorovinyl)chloroarsine ::Lewisite 3: Tris(2-chlorovinyl)arsine *
Nitrogen mustard Nitrogen mustards are cytotoxic organic compounds with the chloroethylamine (Cl(CH2)2NR2) functional group. Although originally produced as chemical warfare agents, they were the first chemotherapeutic agents for treatment of cancer. Nitrogen m ...
s: ::HN1:
Bis(2-chloroethyl)ethylamine Bis(2-chloroethyl)ethylamine is the organic compound with the formula C2H5N(CH2CH2Cl)2. Often abbreviated HN1, it is a powerful vesicant and a nitrogen mustard gas used for chemical warfare. HN1 was developed in the 1920s and 1930s to remov ...
::HN2:
Bis(2-chloroethyl)methylamine Chlormethine (INN, BAN), also known as mechlorethamine (USAN, USP), mustine, HN2, and (in post-Soviet states) embikhin (эмбихин), is a nitrogen mustard sold under the brand name Mustargen among others. It is the prototype of alkylating ...
::HN3:
Tris(2-chloroethyl)amine Tris(2-chloroethyl)amine is the organic compound with the formula N(CH2CH2Cl)3. Often abbreviated HN3 or HN-3, it is a powerful blister agent and a nitrogen mustard used for chemical warfare. HN3 was the last of the nitrogen mustard agents dev ...
*
Saxitoxin Saxitoxin (STX) is a potent neurotoxin and the best-known paralytic shellfish toxin (PST). Ingestion of saxitoxin by humans, usually by consumption of shellfish contaminated by toxic algal blooms, is responsible for the illness known as paralyt ...
*
Ricin Ricin ( ) is a lectin (a carbohydrate-binding protein) and a highly potent toxin produced in the seeds of the castor oil plant, ''Ricinus communis''. The median lethal dose (LD50) of ricin for mice is around 22 micrograms per kilogram of body ...
*
Novichok agents Novichok (russian: Новичо́к, lit=newcomer, novice, newbie) is a group of nerve agents, some of which are binary chemical weapons. The agents were developed at the GosNIIOKhT state chemical research institute by the Soviet Union and Ru ...
: Р-alkyl (H or ≤C10, incl. cycloalkyl) N-(1-(dialkyl(≤C10, incl. cycloalkyl)amino))alkylidene(H or ≤C10, incl. cycloalkyl) phosphonamidic fluorides and corresponding alkylated or protonated salts ::e.g. N-(1-(di-n-decylamino)-n-decylidene)-P-decylphosphonamidic fluoride ::Methyl-(1-(diethylamino)ethylidene)phosphonamidofluoridate, also known as
A-230 A-230 is an organophosphate nerve agent. It was developed in the Soviet Union under the FOLIANT program and is one of the group of compounds referred to as Novichok agents that were revealed by Vil Mirzayanov. A-230 is possibly the most potent ner ...
* Novichok agents: O-alkyl (H or ≤C10, incl. cycloalkyl) N-(1-(dialkyl(≤C10, incl. cycloalkyl)amino))alkylidene(H or ≤C10, incl. cycloalkyl) phosphoramidofluoridates and corresponding alkylated or protonated salts, e.g. ::O-n-Decyl N-(1-(di-n-decylamino)-n-decylidene)phosphoramidofluoridate ::Methyl (1-(diethylamino)ethylidene)phosphoramidofluoridate, also known as
A-232 A-232 is an organophosphate nerve agent. It was developed in the Soviet Union under the FOLIANT program and is one of the group of compounds referred to as Novichok agents that were revealed by Vil Mirzayanov. A-232 is reportedly slightly less pot ...
:: Ethyl (1-(diethylamino)ethylidene)phosphoramidofluoridate, also known as A-234. * Novichok agents: Methyl-(bis(diethylamino)methylene)phosphonamidofluoridate * Carbamates (quaternaries and bisquaternaries of dimethylcarbamoyloxypyridines) Quaternaries of dimethylcarbamoyloxypyridines: ::1- ,N-dialkyl(≤C10)-N-(n-(hydroxyl, cyano, acetoxy)alkyl(≤C10)) ammonion- -(3-dimethylcarbamoxy-α-picolinyl)-N,N-dialkyl(≤C10) ammonioecane dibromide (n=1-8) ::e.g. 1- ,N-dimethyl-N-(2-hydroxy)ethylammonio10- -(3-dimethylcarbamoxy-αpicolinyl)-N,N-dimethylammonioecane dibromide * Bisquaternaries of dimethylcarbamoyloxypyridines: 1,n-Bis -(3-dimethylcarbamoxy-α-picolyl)-N,N-dialkyl(≤C10) ammonioalkane-(2,(n-1)-dione) dibromide (n=2-12) ::e.g. 1,10-Bis -(3-dimethylcarbamoxy-α-picolyl)-N-ethyl-N-methylammonioecane-2,9-dione dibromide


Precursors

*Alkyl (Me, Et, n-Pr or i-Pr) phosphonyldifluorides, ''e.g.'' :: DF: Methylphosphonyl difluoride *O-Alkyl (H or 10, incl. cycloalkyl) O-2-dialkyl (Me, Et, n-Pr or i-Pr)-aminoethyl alkyl (Me, Et, n-Pr or i-Pr) phosphonites and corresponding alkylated or protonated salts, ''e.g.'' :: QL: O-Ethyl O-2-diisopropylaminoethyl methylphosphonite *
Chlorosarin Chlorosarin is a chemical precursor used in the final step of one method for the production of the nerve agent sarin. Also known as ''O''-isopropyl methylphosphonochloridate and isopropyl methylphosphonic chloride, it has a molecular weight of ...
: O-Isopropyl methylphosphonochloridate *
Chlorosoman Chlorosoman is a chlorine analog of soman. It is a highly toxic organophosphorus compound and used as the precursor substance for soman nerve agent. Its physical properties are estimated. Soman is insoluble in water, with a boiling point of 223 d ...
: O-Pinacolyl methylphosphonochloridate


See also

* Schedule 2 * Schedule 3


References


External links


Chemical Weapons Convention. Annex on Chemicals. A. Guidelines for Schedules of Chemicals
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Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons The Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW) is an intergovernmental organisation and the implementing body for the Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC), which entered into force on 29 April 1997. The OPCW, with its 193 member ...

Chemical Weapons Convention. Annex on Chemicals. B. Schedules of Chemicals. Schedule 1pdf
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Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons The Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW) is an intergovernmental organisation and the implementing body for the Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC), which entered into force on 29 April 1997. The OPCW, with its 193 member ...
{{DEFAULTSORT:Chemical Weapons Convention Chemical weapons demilitarization Lists of weapons Schedule 1 substances (CWC)