General Motors The General Motors Company (GM) is an American Multinational corporation, multinational Automotive industry, automotive manufacturing company headquartered in Detroit, Michigan, United States. It is the largest automaker in the United States and ...

is an innovator of

automatic transmission An automatic transmission (sometimes abbreviated to auto or AT) is a multi-speed transmission used in internal combustion engine-based motor vehicles that does not require any input from the driver to change forward gears under normal driving c ...

s, introducing the

Hydra-Matic Hydramatic (also known as Hydra-Matic) is an automatic transmission developed by both General Motors' Cadillac and Oldsmobile divisions. Introduced in 1939 for the 1940 model year vehicles, the ''Hydramatic'' was the first mass-produced fully ...

in 1940. This list includes some GM transmissions.

Automatic transmissions

Early models

The GM Hydra-Matic was a success and installed in the majority of GM models by 1950. Through the 1950s, all makers were working on their own automatic transmission, with four more developed inside GM alone. All of GM's early automatic transmissions were replaced by variants of the

Turbo-Hydramatic Turbo-Hydramatic or Turbo Hydra-Matic is the registered tradename for a family of automatic transmissions developed and produced by General Motors. These transmissions mate a three-element turbine torque converter to a Simpson planetary geartra ...

by the 1970s. *1940–1967

—

Oldsmobile Oldsmobile or formally the Oldsmobile Division of General Motors was a brand of American automobiles, produced for most of its existence by General Motors. Originally established as "Olds Motor Vehicle Company" by Ransom E. Olds in 1897, it produ ...

(now the trade name for all GM automatic transmissions) *1948–1963

Dynaflow Dynaflow was the trademarked name for a type of automatic transmission developed and built by General Motors Buick Motor Division from late 1947 to mid-1963. The Dynaflow, which was introduced for the 1948 model year only as an option on Roadma ...

—

Buick Buick () is a division of the American automobile manufacturer General Motors (GM). Started by automotive pioneer David Dunbar Buick in 1899, it was among the first American marques of automobiles, and was the company that established General ...

*1950–1973

Powerglide The Powerglide is a two-speed automatic transmission designed by General Motors. It was available primarily on Chevrolet from January 1950 through 1973, although some Pontiac models also used this automatic transmission after the fire at the Hyd ...

—

Chevrolet Chevrolet ( ), colloquially referred to as Chevy and formally the Chevrolet Motor Division of General Motors Company, is an American automobile division of the American manufacturer General Motors (GM). Louis Chevrolet (1878–1941) and ous ...

(also used by

Pontiac Pontiac may refer to: *Pontiac (automobile), a car brand *Pontiac (Ottawa leader) ( – 1769), a Native American war chief Places and jurisdictions Canada *Pontiac, Quebec, a municipality ** Apostolic Vicariate of Pontiac, now the Roman Catholic D ...

Holden Holden, formerly known as General Motors-Holden, was an Australian subsidiary company of General Motors. It was an Australian automobile manufacturer, importer, and exporter which sold cars under its own marque in Australia. In its last thre ...

Vauxhall Vauxhall ( ) is a district in South West London, part of the London Borough of Lambeth, England. Vauxhall was part of Surrey until 1889 when the County of London was created. Named after a medieval manor, "Fox Hall", it became well known for ...

and

Opel Opel Automobile GmbH (), usually shortened to Opel, is a German automobile manufacturer which has been a subsidiary of Stellantis since 16 January 2021. It was owned by the American automaker General Motors from 1929 until 2017 and the PSA Grou ...

) *1968-1971 Torquedrive-

( Camaro and Chevy II, Nova. Manually shifted on Column. ) *1957–1961

Turboglide The Turboglide is a Chevrolet constant torque, continuously variable automatic transmission first offered as an option on Chevrolet V8 passenger cars for 1957. It consisted of a turbine-driven planetary gearbox with a 'switch pitch' dual-pitch to ...

—

(V8 models only, except

Corvette A corvette is a small warship. It is traditionally the smallest class of vessel considered to be a proper (or " rated") warship. The warship class above the corvette is that of the frigate, while the class below was historically that of the slo ...

) *1958–1959 Flightpitch —

*1961–1963 Dual Path Turbine Drive —

*1961–1964

Roto Hydramatic Roto Hydramatic (sometimes spelled Roto Hydra-Matic or Roto-Hydramatic) was an automatic transmission built by General Motors Corporation, General Motors and used in some Oldsmobile, Pontiac (automobile), Pontiac and Holden models between 1961 and ...

—

(also used by

and

) *1964–1969

Super Turbine 300 The Super Turbine 300 (abbreviated ST-300) was a two-speed automatic transmission built by General Motors. It was used in various Buick, Oldsmobile, and Pontiac models from 1964-1969. It was the same transmission marketed under different brand nam ...

—

(Oldsmobile Jetaway) *1968–1969 Torquedrive —

(manually column shifted 2 speed automatic, 6 cyl only) *1956-1964 4 speed Controlled coupling HydraMatic, also known as Cadillac 315 or P 315 HydraMatic, Oldsmobile Jetaway, Pontiac Super HydraMatic. * TempestTorque, ( Pontiac) a two speed based on Powerglide, but having the added feature of " Split Torque " dividing the engine power between mechanical connection and the torque converter in high gear.

Turbo-Hydramatic

The

was used by all GM divisions, and formed the basis for the company's modern

Hydramatic Hydramatic (also known as Hydra-Matic) is an automatic transmission developed by both General Motors' Cadillac and Oldsmobile divisions. Introduced in 1939 for the 1940 model year vehicles, the ''Hydramatic'' was the first mass-produced fully-a ...

line. The basic

rear-wheel drive Rear-wheel drive (RWD) is a form of engine and transmission layout used in motor vehicles, in which the engine drives the rear wheels only. Until the late 20th century, rear-wheel drive was the most common configuration for cars. Most rear-wheel ...

Turbo-Hydramatic spawned two

front-wheel drive Front-wheel drive (FWD) is a form of engine and transmission layout used in motor vehicles, where the engine drives the front wheels only. Most modern front-wheel drive vehicles feature a transverse engine, rather than the conventional longit ...

variants, the

transverse Transverse may refer to: *Transverse engine, an engine in which the crankshaft is oriented side-to-side relative to the wheels of the vehicle *Transverse flute, a flute that is held horizontally * Transverse force (or ''Euler force''), the tangen ...

Turbo-Hydramatic 125 {{Infobox automobile , image=Ypsilanti Automotive Heritage Museum May 2015 060 (1979-2001 Hydra-Matic 3T40 transmission).jpg , caption=A Hydra-Matic 3T40 transmission, produced between 1979 and 2001, at the Ypsilanti Automotive Heritage Museum , na ...

, and the

longitudinal Longitudinal is a geometric term of location which may refer to: * Longitude ** Line of longitude, also called a meridian * Longitudinal engine, an internal combustion engine in which the crankshaft is oriented along the long axis of the vehicl ...

Turbo-Hydramatic 425 Turbo-Hydramatic 425 (TH425 or THM 425, later 325) was an automatic transmission developed and produced by General Motors. The THM425 was a derivative of the THM400; most parts directly interchange and some others will interchange with minor mo ...

. A third variant was the light-duty rear wheel drive

Turbo-Hydramatic 180 Holden, formerly known as General Motors-Holden, was an Australian subsidiary company of General Motors. It was an Australian automobile manufacturer, importer, and exporter which sold cars under its own marque in Australia. In its last thre ...

used in many European models. In Argentina, the Turbo Hydra-Matic was available on some models of the 1969-1978 Chevrolet "Chevy," essentially the 1968 U.S.

Nova A nova (plural novae or novas) is a transient astronomical event that causes the sudden appearance of a bright, apparently "new" star (hence the name "nova", which is Latin for "new") that slowly fades over weeks or months. Causes of the dramati ...

, but was marketed as the "Chevromatic." ;Heavy-duty rear wheel drive *1971–1994 3L80HD (heavy duty version of TH400) ;Medium-duty rear wheel drive *1964–1992 Super Turbine 400/ TH400/ 3L80 *1969–1986 TH350/TH350C/TH375B/TH250/TH250C *1972–1976 TH375 — Light duty version of TH400 *1976–1987 TH200/TH200C *1981–1990 TH200-4R *1982–1993 TH700R4/4L60 ;Light-duty rear wheel drive *1969–1998 TH180/TH180C/ 3L30 — 3-speed European/Asian model. Also manufactured and used by

as the Trimatic transmission. ;Transverse front wheel drive *1980–1999 TH125/TH125C/ 3T40 — 3-speed light-duty *1984–1994 TH440-T4/ 4T60 — 4-speed medium-duty ;Longitudinal front wheel drive *1966–1978 TH425 — 3-speed *1979–1981 TH325 — 3-speed *1982–1985 TH325-4L — 4-speed

Electronic Hydra-Matics

The next-generation transmissions, introduced in the early 1990s, were the electronic

s based on the

design. Most early electronic transmissions use the "-E" designator to differentiate them from their non-electronic cousins, but this has been dropped on transmissions with no mechanical version like the new

GM 6L80 transmission The 6L80 (and similar 6L90) is a six-speed automatic transmission built by General Motors at its Willow Run Transmission plant in Ypsilanti, MI. It was introduced in late 2005, and is very similar in design to the smaller 6L45/6L50, produced at ...

. Today, GM uses a simple naming scheme for their transmissions, with the "Hydra-Matic" name used on most automatics across all divisions. ;First-generation longitudinal (Rear Wheel drive) *1991–2001 4L30-E — 4-speed light-duty (used in BMW, Cadillac, Isuzu, and Opel cars) *1992– 4L60-E/ 4L65-E — 4-speed medium-duty (used in GM trucks and rear-wheel-drive cars) *1991– 4L80-E/ 4L85-E — 4-speed heavy-duty (used in GM trucks) ;First-generation transverse (Front Wheel drive) *1995–2010 4T40-E/ 4T45-E — 4-speed light-duty (used in smaller front wheel drive GM vehicles) *1991–2010

4T60-E The 4T60-E (and similar 4T65-E) is a series of automatic transmissions from General Motors. Designed for transverse engine configurations, the series includes 4 forward gears. The 4Txx family is an evolution of the original Turbo-Hydramatic 125 tr ...

/ 4T65-E/ 4T65E-HD — 4-speed medium-duty (used in larger front wheel drive GM vehicles) *1993–2010 4T80-E — 4-speed heavy-duty (used in large front wheel drive GM vehicles, only with

Cadillac The Cadillac Motor Car Division () is a division of the American automobile manufacturer General Motors (GM) that designs and builds luxury vehicles. Its major markets are the United States, Canada, and China. Cadillac models are distributed i ...

NorthStar V8 and Related Oldsmobile V8) ;Second-generation longitudinal (Rear Wheel drive) *2000–2007 5L40-E/ 5L50 — 5-speed medium-duty (used in

Sigma Sigma (; uppercase Σ, lowercase σ, lowercase in word-final position ς; grc-gre, σίγμα) is the eighteenth letter of the Greek alphabet. In the system of Greek numerals, it has a value of 200. In general mathematics, uppercase Σ is used as ...

vehicles) *2007–present 6L45/6L50 — 6-speed medium-duty (used in

GM Sigma platform The General Motors Sigma platform is a mid-size automobile platform used by General Motors from the 2003 to 2015 model years. Exclusive to the Cadillac division, Sigma was the successor to the Opel-designed V platform. Initially developed for ...

cars) *2006–present: 6L80/ 6L90 — 6-speed heavy-duty (used in GM trucks and performance cars) *2014–present: 8L90 — 8-speed heavy-duty (used in GM trucks and performance cars) *2016–present: 8L45 — 8-speed light-duty (used in GM luxury cars) *2017–present: 10L80* -

Ford-GM 10-speed automatic transmission This transmission is part of a joint-venture between Ford Motor Company and General Motors to design and engineer two transmissions, a longitudinal 10-speed transmission and a transverse 9-speed trans-axle. Each company will manufacture its own uni ...

(used in GM light trucks including pickups and related SUVs) *2017–present: 10L90* -

(used in GM performance cars) *This transmission is part of a joint-venture between

and

Ford Motor Company Ford Motor Company (commonly known as Ford) is an American multinational automobile manufacturer headquartered in Dearborn, Michigan, United States. It was founded by Henry Ford and incorporated on June 16, 1903. The company sells automobi ...

to split development of two transmissions, a longitudinal 10-speed and transverse 9-speed. Ford led the design of the 10-speed transmission, as well as filing the design patents for said transmission. According to an official report by the SAE (Society of Automotive Engineers) the design of the 10-speed gearbox is essentially all Ford, while GM was responsible for designing the 9-speed 9T transverse automatic gearbox. As part of their joint-venture, Ford will let GM use the 10-speed transmission with rights to modify and manufacture it for their own applications. In-exchange for Ford's 10-speed transmission, General Motors will let Ford use its 9-speed transmission for front-wheel drive applications; Ford ultimately declined use of the 9T and instead, removed 1 gear and used the 9T as an 8-speed transmission. ;Second-generation transverse (Front Wheel drive) *2008–present: 6T30/6T40/6T45 — 6-speed light-duty *2006–present: 6T70/ 6T75 — 6-speed medium-duty *2016–present: 9T50/ 9T65 Hydra-Matic – 9-speed

Hybrid and
PHEV A plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) is a hybrid electric vehicle whose battery pack can be recharged by plugging a charging cable into an external electric power source, in addition to internally by its on-board internal combustion engin ...

*2ML70 - 2-Mode Hybrid transmission. *4ET50 (MKA) - Electric Drive Unit Transaxle ( First Generation Chevrolet Volt /

Cadillac ELR The Cadillac ELR is a two-door, four-passenger luxury plug-in hybrid compact coupé manufactured and marketed by Cadillac for model years (MY) 2014 and 2016 – with a hiatus for MY 2015. Using a retuned version of the Chevrolet Volt's Voltec E ...

) *5ET50 (MKV) - Electronically controlled, continuously variable automatic transaxle (Second Generation Chevrolet Volt) *5ET50 (MKE) - Electronically controlled, continuously variable automatic transaxle Transaxle (Full Hybrid, Ninth Generation Chevrolet Malibu) *4EL70 (MRD) - Electric Drive Unit Transmission (PHEV

Cadillac CT6 The Cadillac CT6 (short for ''Cadillac Touring 6'') is a full-size luxury car manufactured by Cadillac. The CT6 was introduced at the 2015 New York International Auto Show and went on sale in the U.S. in March 2016. It is the first car to adopt ...

)

Other automatics

* Aisin AF33 — 5-speed transverse automatic made by Aisin AW Co., Ltd. * Allison 1000 Series — 6-speed longitudinal automatic made by Allison Transmission * Saturn MP6/MP7 — 4-speed automatic developed by

Saturn Saturn is the sixth planet from the Sun and the second-largest in the Solar System, after Jupiter. It is a gas giant with an average radius of about nine and a half times that of Earth. It has only one-eighth the average density of Earth; h ...

for use in the S-series from 1991 to 2002 *

VTi transmission The VTi is a continuously variable transmission for automobiles. It is fully-automatic, electronically-controlled, and designed for transverse front-wheel-drive use. The ''VTi'' is assembled at a General Motors/ Fiat joint venture plant in Sze ...

—

continuously variable transmission A continuously variable transmission (CVT) is an automatic transmission that can change seamlessly through a continuous range of gear ratios. This contrasts with other transmissions that provide a limited number of gear ratios in fixed steps. T ...

*Tremec M1L transmission — 8-speed Dual-Clutch made by

Tremec TREMEC (Transmisiones y Equipos Mecánicos SA de CV, formerly Transmission Technology Corporation, TTC) is a manufacturer of automobile transmissions and drivetrain components based in Querétaro, Mexico. Company Torque transfer solutions fro ...

for the Chevrolet Corvette C8 *GM VT40/CVT-250 (RPO MRD) Introduced in 2019 —

Future

Manual transmissions

Longitudinal transmissions

*Aisin AR5/MA5 — 5-speed longitudinal manual made by

Aisin is a Japanese corporation that develops and produces components and systems for the automotive industry. Aisin is a Fortune Global 500 company, ranked 359 rankings. Aisin is a member of the Toyota Group of companies. Aisin was founded in 1965 ...

* Aisin AY6 — 6-speed longitudinal manual made by

* Getrag 260 — 5-speed longitudinal manual made by

Getrag Getrag (), stylized as GETRAG, was a major supplier of transmission systems for passenger cars and commercial vehicles. The company was founded on 1 May 1935, in Ludwigsburg, Germany, by Hermann Hagenmeyer; as the ''Getriebe und Zahnradfabrik ...

* Muncie M20 — 4-speed longitudinal wide ratio manual transmission made by GM at their Muncie, Indiana factory * Muncie M21 — 4-speed longitudinal close ratio manual transmission made by GM at their Muncie, Indiana factory * Muncie M22 — 4-speed longitudinal heavy duty close ratio manual transmission made by GM at their Muncie, Indiana factory * Saginaw M26/27 transmission — 3 and 4-speed longitudinal light duty (less than 300 hp) wide ratio manual transmission made by GM at their Saginaw, Michigan factory * Muncie M62/M64 — 3-speed longitudinal transmission made by GM *

Muncie SM420 transmission The Muncie SM420 is a heavy duty, four-speed manual transmission that was produced from 1947 to 1967 by General Motors for civilian use in a variety of pickup trucks, buses, dump trucks and heavy equipment. They were used in some military vehicles ...

— 4-speed manual used up to 1967, very similar to sm 465 except small changes to gear ratios and location of reverse. * New Process Gear NP435 - 4-speed longitudinal transmission used in a select handful of 67-72 GM pickups * New Process Gear A833 RPO MY6 or MM7 — 4-speed longitudinal A833 overdrive transmission made by New Process Gear for early to mid 1980s General Motors Light Trucks * Muncie SM465 — 4-speed longitudinal manual used in 68- 91 Chevy 1/2 3/4 and 1 ton trucks * New Venture Gear NV1500 — 5-speed longitudinal manual made by

New Venture Gear New Venture Gear was an automobile and light truck transmission company that was started in 1990 as the first ever joint venture between any of the Big Three US automakers. General Motors and Chrysler Corporation were the participants. Operation ...

* New Venture Gear 3500/ 4500 — 5-speed longitudinal manual made by

* Borg-Warner T-10 transmission — 4-speed longitudinal manual currently made by

Richmond Gear Richmond most often refers to: * Richmond, Virginia, the capital of Virginia, United States * Richmond, London, a part of London * Richmond, North Yorkshire, a town in England * Richmond, British Columbia, a city in Canada * Richmond, California, ...

; originally made by Borg-Warner * Tremec T-5 — 5-speed longitudinal manual currently made by

; originally made by Borg-Warner *

Borg-Warner R-10 overdrive BorgWarner Inc. is an American automotive supplier headquartered in Auburn Hills, Michigan. The company maintains production facilities and technical systems at 93 sites (as of June 6, 2022) in 22 countries worldwide and has around 49,000 employ ...

- 3-speed manual transmission with electric overdrive used 1937-1964 *

Borg-Warner R-11 overdrive BorgWarner Inc. is an American automotive supplier headquartered in Auburn Hills, Michigan. The company maintains production facilities and technical systems at 93 sites (as of June 6, 2022) in 22 countries worldwide and has around 49,000 employ ...

- 3-speed manual transmission with electric overdrive Ford used them up until 1975 in trucks. *

Borg-Warner T-50 transmission Borg-Warner T-50 is a gearbox from Borg-Warner. It was used in the Chevrolet Monza The Chevrolet Monza is a subcompact automobile produced by Chevrolet for the 1975 through 1980 model years. The Monza is based on the Chevrolet Vega, sharing its ...

— 5-speed longitudinal manual - used by GM in its RWD H-Body cars and a few other limited light duty applications from 1976 to 1978; * Tremec T-56 — 6-speed longitudinal manual overdrive made by

; formerly made by Borg-Warner * Tremec TR-6060 — 6-speed longitudinal manual overdrive made by

* ZF S6-650 — 6-speed longitudinal manual made by

ZF Friedrichshafen ZF Friedrichshafen AG, also known as ZF Group, originally ''Zahnradfabrik Friedrichshafen'', and commonly abbreviated to ZF (ZF = "Zahnradfabrik" = "Cogwheel Factory"), is a German car parts maker headquartered in Friedrichshafen, in the south- ...

* Tremec TR-6070 — 7-speed longitudinal manual overdrive made by

Transverse Transmissions

* F23 — 5-speed transverse manual manufactured by

* M17 — 4-speed transverse manual manufactured by Muncie * F35 — 5-speed transverse manual manufactured by Saab in Gothenburg, Sweden * F40 — 6-speed transverse manual manufactured by

FGP Germany FGP may refer to * Facility Credit Guarantee Program of the United States Department of Agriculture * Ferrellgas, an American energy company * Floral Genome Project * Flying geese paradigm * Four Golden Princesses, a Malaysian girl group * Fund ...

Getrag 282 The Getrag 282 transmission was a 5-speed manual transaxle designed by Getrag for Chevrolet. It is sometimes referred to as the Muncie 282 or the Muncie Getrag 282, as the transmission was manufactured by the Muncie, Indiana manual transmission ...

— 5-speed transverse manual designed by Getrag and manufactured by Muncie

* Getrag 284 — 5-speed transverse manual designed by Getrag and manufactured by Muncie

* MP2/MP3 — 5-speed manual developed by

for use in the S-Series from 1991 to 2002

References

{{General Motors * Opel GM transmissions