''Lymphocryptovirus'' is a genus of

virus A virus is a submicroscopic infectious agent that replicates only inside the living cells of an organism. Viruses infect all life forms, from animals and plants to microorganisms, including bacteria and archaea. Since Dmitri Ivanovsky's 1 ...

es in the order ''

Herpesvirales The ''Herpesvirales'' is an order of dsDNA viruses (Baltimore group I) with animal hosts, characterised by a common morphology consisting of an icosahedral capsid enclosed in a glycoprotein-containing lipid envelope. Common infections in humans c ...

'', in the family ''

Herpesviridae ''Herpesviridae'' is a large family of DNA viruses that cause infections and certain diseases in animals, including humans. The members of this family are also known as herpesviruses. The family name is derived from the Greek word ''ἕρπειν ...

'', in the subfamily ''

Gammaherpesvirinae ''Gammaherpesvirinae'' is a subfamily of viruses in the order ''Herpesvirales'' and in the family ''Herpesviridae''. Viruses in ''Gammaherpesvirinae'' are distinguished by reproducing at a more variable rate than other subfamilies of ''Herpesvir ...

''. This genus includes the human-infecting '' Human gammaherpesvirus 4'' (Epstein–Barr virus), as well as viruses that infect both

Old World monkey Old World monkey is the common English name for a family of primates known taxonomically as the Cercopithecidae (). Twenty-four genera and 138 species are recognized, making it the largest primate family. Old World monkey genera include baboons ...

s and

New World monkey New World monkeys are the five families of primates that are found in the tropical regions of Mexico, Central and South America: Callitrichidae, Cebidae, Aotidae, Pitheciidae, and Atelidae. The five families are ranked together as the Ceboidea ( ...

s. Other names for the ''Lymphocryptovirus'' genus include ''Lymphocryptoviridae'' (suffix -''viridae'' implying family rank, although this is not the accepted taxonomy) and gamma-1 herpesviruses. There are nine species in this genus. Diseases associated with this genus include:

mononucleosis Infectious mononucleosis (IM, mono), also known as glandular fever, is an infection usually caused by the Epstein–Barr virus (EBV). Most people are infected by the virus as children, when the disease produces few or no symptoms. In young adult ...

Burkitt's lymphoma Burkitt lymphoma is a cancer of the lymphatic system, particularly B lymphocytes found in the germinal center. It is named after Denis Parsons Burkitt, the Irish surgeon who first described the disease in 1958 while working in equatorial Africa. ...

, and

nasopharyngeal carcinoma Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), or nasopharynx cancer, is the most common cancer originating in the nasopharynx, most commonly in the postero-lateral nasopharynx or pharyngeal recess ( fossa of Rosenmüller), accounting for 50% of cases. NPC occurs ...

Species

The genus consists of the following nine species: * ''

Callitrichine gammaherpesvirus 3 ''Callitrichine gammaherpesvirus 3'' (CalHV-3) is a species of virus that infects marmosets. It is in the genus ''Lymphocryptovirus'', subfamily ''Gammaherpesvirinae'', family ''Herpesviridae'', and order ''Herpesvirales The ''Herpesvirales'' ...

'' * ''

Cercopithecine gammaherpesvirus 14 ''Cercopithecine gammaherpesvirus 14'' (CeHV-14) is a species of virus in the genus ''Lymphocryptovirus'', subfamily ''Gammaherpesvirinae'', family ''Herpesviridae'', and order ''Herpesvirales The ''Herpesvirales'' is an order of dsDNA viruses ...

'' * ''

Gorilline gammaherpesvirus 1 ''Gorilline gammaherpesvirus 1'' (GoHV-1), commonly known as herpesvirus gorilla is a species of virus in the genus ''Lymphocryptovirus'', subfamily ''Gammaherpesvirinae'', family ''Herpesviridae'', and order ''Herpesvirales''. This species was ...

'' * '' Human gammaherpesvirus 4'' * ''

Macacine gammaherpesvirus 4 ''Macacine gammaherpesvirus 4'' (McHV-4), commonly known as rhesus lymphocryptovirus (RLV), is a species of virus in the genus ''Lymphocryptovirus'', subfamily ''Gammaherpesvirinae'', family ''Herpesviridae'', and order ''Herpesvirales''. In nat ...

'' * ''

Macacine gammaherpesvirus 10 ''Macacine gammaherpesvirus 10'' (McHV-10) is a species of virus in the genus ''Lymphocryptovirus'', subfamily ''Gammaherpesvirinae'', family ''Herpesviridae'', and order ''Herpesvirales The ''Herpesvirales'' is an order of dsDNA viruses (Balt ...

'' * ''

Panine gammaherpesvirus 1 ''Panine gammaherpesvirus 1'' (PnHV-1), commonly known as chimpanzee lymphocryptovirus, is a species of virus in the genus ''Lymphocryptovirus'', subfamily ''Gammaherpesvirinae'', family ''Herpesviridae'', and order ''Herpesvirales''. The virus ...

'' * ''

Papiine gammaherpesvirus 1 ''Papiine gammaherpesvirus 1'' (PaHV-1), commonly known as baboon lymphocryptovirus, is a species of virus in the genus ''Lymphocryptovirus'', subfamily '' Gammaherpesvirinae'', family ''Herpesviridae'', and order ''Herpesvirales''. This species ...

'' * ''

Pongine gammaherpesvirus 2 ''Pongine gammaherpesvirus 2'' (PoHV-2), commonly known as orangutan herpesvirus, is a species of virus in the genus ''Lymphocryptovirus'', subfamily ''Gammaherpesvirinae'', family ''Herpesviridae'', and order ''Herpesvirales The ''Herpesviral ...

Structure

Viruses in ''Lymphocryptovirus'' are enveloped, with icosahedral, spherical to pleomorphic, and round geometries, and T=16 symmetry. The diameter is around 150-200 nm. Genomes are linear and non-segmented, around 180kb in length.

Life cycle

Viral replication is nuclear, and is lysogenic. Entry into the host cell is achieved by attachment of the viral glycoproteins to host receptors, which mediates endocytosis. Replication follows the dsDNA bidirectional replication model. DNA-templated transcription, with some alternative splicing mechanism is the method of transcription. The virus exits the host cell by nuclear egress, and budding. Human and mammals serve as the natural host. Transmission routes are

zoonosis A zoonosis (; plural zoonoses) or zoonotic disease is an infectious disease of humans caused by a pathogen (an infectious agent, such as a bacterium, virus, parasite or prion) that has jumped from a non-human (usually a vertebrate) to a human. ...

, bite, contact, and saliva.

References

External links

Viralzone: ''Lymphocryptovirus''

ICTV
{{Taxonbar, from=Q537247 Gammaherpesvirinae Virus genera