butterflies
Butterflies are insects in the macrolepidopteran clade Rhopalocera from the Order (biology), order Lepidoptera, which also includes moths. Adult butterflies have large, often brightly coloured wings, and conspicuous, fluttering flight. The ...
. The genus range is Holarctic, with the exception of four species found in New Zealand, two in South Africa, one in New Guinea and one in Java. It is commonly divided into several subgenera, such as '' Antipodolycaena''. Many formerly independent genera are now subsumed within ''Lycaena''; the genus ''Gaiedes'' may also belong here. Many of the subgenera, species groups and species listed here may be
synonym
A synonym is a word, morpheme, or phrase that means exactly or nearly the same as another word, morpheme, or phrase in a given language. For example, in the English language, the words ''begin'', ''start'', ''commence'', and ''initiate'' are all ...
s.
Species
Listed alphabetically within groups:''Lycaena'' funet.fi
Subgenus ''Tharsalea'' Scudder, 1876:
*'' Lycaena arota'' (Boisduval, 1852) – tailed copper
Subgenus ''Chalceria'' Scudder, 1876:
The ''thaeides'' species group:
*''
Lycaena dione
''Lycaena dione'', the grey copper or great copper, is a butterfly of the family Lycaenidae. The species was first described by Samuel Hubbard Scudder in 1868. It is found from the southern Prairie provinces of Canada and western Ontario south ...
'' (Scudder, 1868)
*'' Lycaena editha'' (Mead, 1878) – Edith's copper California, Montana, Wyoming, Nevada
*'' Lycaena gorgon'' (Boisduval, 1852) – gorgon copper Nevada, California, Oregon
*'' Lycaena xanthoides'' (Boisduval, 1852) – great gray copper California
The ''chalceria'' species group:
*'' Lycaena ferrisi'' Johnson & Balogh, 1977 – Ferris' copper Arizona
*'' Lycaena heteronea'' Boisduval, 1858 – blue copper
*'' Lycaena rubidus'' (Behr, 1866) – ruddy copper
Subgenus Epidemia Scudder, 1876:
The ''hyllolycaena'' species group:
*''
Lycaena hyllus
''Lycaena hyllus'', the bronze copper, is a butterfly of the lycaenids family found in North America.Jim P. Brock and K. Kaufman. Kaufman Field Guide to Butterflies of North America, New York, NY:Houghton Mifflin, 2003.775
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Year 775 (Roman numerals, DCCLXXV) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. The denomination 775 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domi ...
– bronze copper
The ''epidemia'' species group:
*''
Lycaena dorcas
''Lycaena dorcas'' is a species of butterfly in the family Lycaenidae, the gossamer-winged butterflies. Its common names include dorcas copper and cinquefoil copper. The species was first described by William Kirby in 1837. It is native to Nort ...
'' Kirby, 1837 – dorcas copper or cinquefoil copper
*''
Lycaena dospassosi
''Lycaena dospassosi'', the maritime copper, is a butterfly of the family Lycaenidae. It is found in eastern Canada.Lycaena epixanthe'' (Boisduval & Leconte,
835
__NOTOC__
Year 835 ( DCCCXXXV) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian Calendar.
Events
By place Europe
* Ragnar Lodbrok, a Norse Viking ruler, rises to power. He becomes the scourge of ...
– bog copper, cranberry-bog copper
*''
Lycaena helloides
''Lycaena helloides'', the purplish copper, is a butterfly of the family Lycaenidae. It is found in North America from the Great Lakes area to British Columbia, south to Baja California.
The wingspan is 30–38 mm. The upper surface of th ...
'' (Boisduval, 1852) – purplish copper
*''
Lycaena nivalis
''Lycaena nivalis'', the lilac-bordered copper or nivalis copper,Lycaena mariposa
''Lycaena mariposa'', the mariposa copper, is a butterfly of the family Lycaenidae. It is found in western Canada and the United States.Lycaena hermes
''Lycaena hermes'', the Hermes copper, is a species of butterfly in the family Lycaenidae. It is found in Mexico and southern California in the United States. It is known from a small number of areas. Forest fires in the San Diego area in 2003 an ...
Lycaena feredayi
''Lycaena feredayi'', the glade copper, is a butterfly of the family Lycaenidae. It is endemic to New Zealand.
The wingspan is 25–32 mm. Adults are on wing from November to December and from February to the beginning of April.
Identific ...
Lycaena salustius
''Lycaena salustius'', the common copper or the coastal copper, is a butterfly of the family Lycaenidae. It is endemic to New Zealand. It is known in the Maori language as pepe para riki, a name that is shared with a few other members of the g ...
'' (Fabricius, 1793) – common copper
Unnamed subgenus:
The ''heodes'' species group:
*'' Lycaena ottomanus'' (Lefèbvre, 1830) – Grecian copper
*''
Lycaena tityrus
''Lycaena tityrus'', the sooty copper, is a butterfly of the family Lycaenidae. It is found in Europe.
Subspecies
*''Lycaena tityrus subalpina'' (Speyer, 1851) Italy
The wingspan is . The butterfly flies from April to September, depending on th ...
'' (Poda, 1761) – sooty copper
*'' Lycaena virgaureae'' (Linnaeus, 1758) – scarce copper
The ''palaeochrysophanus'' species group:
*''
Lycaena candens
''Lycaena candens'' is a small butterfly found in the Palearctic (Southeast Europe and Caucasus) that belongs to the lycaenids or blues family.
Subspecies
* ''L. c. leonhardi'' (Fruhstorfer, 1917)
* ''L. c. pfeifferi'' (Beuret, 1952) Caucasus, ...
'' (Herrich-Schäffer,
844
__NOTOC__
Year 844 ( DCCCXLIV) was a leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
By place
Byzantine Empire
* Spring – Battle of Mauropotamos: A Byzantine expedition under ...
South Europe, Caucasus, Transcaucasia
*'' Lycaena hippothoe'' (Linnaeus, 1761) – purple-edged copper
Subgenus ''Lycaena'' Fabricius, 1807:
The ''helle'' species group:
*''
Lycaena helle
''Lycaena helle'', the violet copper, is a butterfly of the family Lycaenidae. It is found from the Pyrenees to northern Norway and from Belgium east across the Palearctic to Central Asia, Siberia and Amur.The wingspan
The wingspan (or just ...
'' ( chiffermüller 1775) – violet copper
*'' Lycaena irmae'' Bailey, 1932 South Tibet
*'' Lycaena li'' (Oberthür, 1886) West China
*'' Lycaena ouang'' (Oberthür, 1891) Yunnan
*'' Lycaena pang'' (Oberthür, 1886) West China, Tibet
*'' Lycaena svenhedini'' (Nordström, 1935) China
*'' Lycaena tseng'' (Oberthür, 1886) North Burma to West China
The ''phlaeas'' species group:
*'' Lycaena cupreus'' (Edwards, 1870) – lustrous copper
*'' Lycaena kiyokoae'' Sakai, 1978 Afghanistan
*'' Lycaena phlaeas'' (Linnaeus, 1761) – small copper, common copper, American copper
*'' Lycaena sichuanica'' Bozano & Weidenhoffer, 2001
The ''thersamolycaena'' species group:
*'' Lycaena aeolus'' Wyatt, 1961 West Pamirs, Afghanistan
*'' Lycaena aeolides'' (Churkin, 1999) Gissar Range, Central Asia
*''
Lycaena alciphron
The purple-shot copper (''Lycaena alciphron'') is a butterfly in the family of the Lycaenidae or copper butterflies and in the genus of the ''Lycaena''.
The coloring of the males and the females is very different, i.e. the sexual dimorphism is v ...
'' (Rottemburg, 1775) – purple-shot copper
*''
Lycaena dispar
The large copper (''Lycaena dispar'') is a butterfly of the family Lycaenidae. ''L. dispar'' has been commonly arranged into three subspecies: ''L. dispar dispar'', (single-brooded) which was commonly found in England, but is now extinct, ''L. ...
'' (Haworth, 1802) – large copper
*''
Lycaena splendens
''Lycaena'' is a genus of butterflies. The genus range is Holarctic, with the exception of four species found in New Zealand, two in South Africa, one in New Guinea and one in Java. It is commonly divided into several subgenera, such as '' Antipo ...
'' (Staudinger, 1881) Dzhungarsky Alatau, Tian-Shan (Central Asia)
*'' Lycaena violaceus'' (Staudinger, 1892)
The ''thersamonia'' species group:
*'' Lycaena aditya'' (Moore, 875 West Pamirs, Afghanistan, Pakistan, North India
*'' Lycaena alaica'' (Grum-Grshimailo, 1888) Pamirs-Alai,
Gissar Range
Hisar Range ( tg, Қаторкӯҳи Ҳисор; uz, Hisor tizmasi, russian: Гиссарский хребет; uk, Ґаторкугі Гісор; fa, رشتهکوه حصار; also known as Hissar, Hisor, or Gissar Range) is a mountain range ...
, North east Afghanistan
*'' Lycaena alpherakyi'' (Grum-Grshimailo, 1888) East Pamirs, Northwest China
*'' Lycaena attila'' (Zhdanko, 1990)
Zaalaisky Mountains
russian: Заалайский хребет
, etymology =
, photo = Alai Valley 1.jpg
, photo_caption = Trans-Alay Range and Alay Valley
, photo_size = 250
, country = Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan
, state =
, region = Osh Province, Gorno-Badaksh ...
(Trans-Ili Alatau) Central Asia
*'' Lycaena asabinus'' (Herrich-Schäffer,
851
__NOTOC__
Year 851 ( DCCCLI) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
By place Asia
* Bagrat II Bagratuni, Armenian prince and leader of a rebellion against the Abbasi ...
Turkey, Transcaucasia, Iran, Armenia
*'' Lycaena hyrcana'' (Neuburger, 1903) North Iran to Central Asia
*''
Lycaena kurdistanica
''Lycaena'' is a genus of butterflies. The genus range is Holarctic, with the exception of four species found in New Zealand, two in South Africa, one in New Guinea and one in Java. It is commonly divided into several subgenera, such as ''Antipod ...
'' (Riley, 1921) Armenia, Northeast Turkey, West Iran
*''
Lycaena lampon
''Lycaena'' is a genus of butterflies. The genus range is Holarctic, with the exception of four species found in New Zealand, two in South Africa, one in New Guinea and one in Java. It is commonly divided into several subgenera, such as '' Antipo ...
'' Lederer,
870
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Year 870 ( DCCCLXX) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
By place Europe
* August 8 – Treaty of Meerssen: King Louis the German forces his half-brothe ...
851
__NOTOC__
Year 851 ( DCCCLI) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
By place Asia
* Bagrat II Bagratuni, Armenian prince and leader of a rebellion against the Abbasi ...
Darvaz Range
The Darvaz Range or Darvoz Range ( tg, пуштаи Дарвоз) is a mountain range in the Western Pamirs, in Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Region of Tajikistan. Its name derives from the historical region of Darvaz. ''Great Soviet Encyclopedia''
...
Lycaena thetis
''Lycaena thetis'', the golden copper, is a small butterfly found in Greece, Asia Minor - Armenia (highlands), Iraq, Iran, Baluchistan, Chitral and Ladak that belongs to the lycaenids or blues family.
Description from Seitz
C. thetis Klug ( ...
'' Klug, 1834 – fiery copper or golden copper
The ''phoenicurusia'' species group:
*'' Lycaena margelanica'' (Staudinger, 1881) South Tajikistan to Tien-Shan, Gissar Range, Darvaz, Alay, West Pamir, Babatag, Karatau, Teriklitau, Rangontau, Zailiisky Alatau, Lake Issyk-Kul mountains
The ''hyrcanana'' species group:
*'' Lycaena caspius'' (Lederer, 1869) Kopet-Dagh, Gissar Range, North Iran, Afghanistan
*'' Lycaena ophion'' Hemming, 1933 Kopet-Dagh, Gissar Range to Darvaz Tadzhikistan
*'' Lycaena pamira'' (Nekrutenko, 1983)
*''
Lycaena sartha
''Lycaena'' is a genus of butterflies. The genus range is Holarctic, with the exception of four species found in New Zealand, two in South Africa, one in New Guinea and one in Java. It is commonly divided into several subgenera, such as '' Antipo ...
'' (Staudinger, 1886) Gissar Range to Darvaz, Pamirs to Alay mountains, Northeast Afghanistan
*''
Lycaena sultan
''Lycaena'' is a genus of butterflies. The genus range is Holarctic, with the exception of four species found in New Zealand, two in South Africa, one in New Guinea and one in Java. It is commonly divided into several subgenera, such as '' Antipo ...
'' (Lang, 1884) West Gissar Range (Zeravshansky, Ghissarsky, Baisuntau, Fanskie)
Unknown species group:
*'' Lycaena bathinia'' Snellen, 1899 dubious Java
*''
Lycaena clarki
''Lycaena clarki'', the eastern sorrel copper, is a butterfly of the family Lycaenidae. It is found only in South Africa.
The wingspan is 21–27 mm in males and 22–30 mm in females. The butterfly flies year-round, peaking in summer ...
Lycaena kasyapa
''Lycaena kasyapa'', the green copper, is a small butterfly found in India that belongs to the lycaenids or blues family. The species was first described by Frederic Moore in 1865.
See also
*List of butterflies of India
The following is a l ...
'' (Moore, 1865) – green copper
*''
Lycaena orus
''Lycaena orus'', the western sorrel copper, is a butterfly of the family Lycaenidae. It is found only in South Africa ( Eastern Cape Province, Western Cape Province). The habitat consists of fynbos at various altitudes, from sea level to monta ...
'' (Stoll,
780
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Year 780 ( DCCLXXX) was a leap year starting on Saturday of the Julian calendar. The denomination 780 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Euro ...
– western sorrel copper
*'' Lycaena ottomanus'' (Lefèbvre, 1830)
*''
Lycaena pallida
''Lycaena'' is a genus of butterflies. The genus range is Holarctic, with the exception of four species found in New Zealand, two in South Africa, one in New Guinea and one in Java. It is commonly divided into several subgenera, such as '' Antipo ...
'' Miskin, 1891 New Guinea
*''
Lycaena panava
''Lycaena'' is a genus of butterflies. The genus range is Holarctic, with the exception of four species found in New Zealand, two in South Africa, one in New Guinea and one in Java. It is commonly divided into several subgenera, such as '' Antipo ...
844
__NOTOC__
Year 844 ( DCCCXLIV) was a leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
By place
Byzantine Empire
* Spring – Battle of Mauropotamos: A Byzantine expedition under ...
– white-bordered copper North India
*''
Lycaena standfussi
''Lycaena'' is a genus of butterflies. The genus range is Holarctic, with the exception of four species found in New Zealand, two in South Africa, one in New Guinea and one in Java. It is commonly divided into several subgenera, such as '' Antipo ...
'' (Grum-Grshimailo, 1891) West China, Tibet
*''
Lycaena susanus
''Lycaena'' is a genus of butterflies. The genus range is Holarctic, with the exception of four species found in New Zealand, two in South Africa, one in New Guinea and one in Java. It is commonly divided into several subgenera, such as '' Antipo ...
Lycaena tityrus
''Lycaena tityrus'', the sooty copper, is a butterfly of the family Lycaenidae. It is found in Europe.
Subspecies
*''Lycaena tityrus subalpina'' (Speyer, 1851) Italy
The wingspan is . The butterfly flies from April to September, depending on th ...
Lycaena zariaspa
''Lycaena'' is a genus of butterflies. The genus range is Holarctic, with the exception of four species found in New Zealand, two in South Africa, one in New Guinea and one in Java. It is commonly divided into several subgenera, such as '' Antipo ...
'' (Moore, 1874) West Himalayas, Kashmir, Northwest India