Luteovirus
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''Luteovirus'' is a genus of
viruses A virus is a submicroscopic infectious agent that replicates only inside the living cells of an organism. Viruses infect all life forms, from animals and plants to microorganisms, including bacteria and archaea. Since Dmitri Ivanovsky's 1 ...
, in the family ''
Tombusviridae ''Tombusviridae'' is a family of single-stranded positive sense RNA plant viruses. There are three subfamilies, 17 genera, and 95 species in this family. The name is derived from '' Tomato bushy stunt virus'' (TBSV). Genome All viruses in the ...
''. There are 13 species in this genus. Plants serve as natural hosts. The geographical distribution of Luteoviruses is widespread, with the virus primarily infecting plants via transmission by
aphid Aphids are small sap-sucking insects and members of the superfamily Aphidoidea. Common names include greenfly and blackfly, although individuals within a species can vary widely in color. The group includes the fluffy white woolly aphids. A t ...
vectors. The virus only replicates within the host cell and not within the vecto

The name 'luteovirus' arises from the
Latin Latin (, or , ) is a classical language belonging to the Italic branch of the Indo-European languages. Latin was originally a dialect spoken in the lower Tiber area (then known as Latium) around present-day Rome, but through the power of the ...
''luteus'', which is translated as 'yellow'. ''Luteovirus'' was given this name due to the symptomatic yellowing of the plant that occurs as a result of infection.


Taxonomy

The genus contains the following species: *'' Apple associated luteovirus'' *'' Apple luteovirus 1'' *'' Barley yellow dwarf virus kerII'' *'' Barley yellow dwarf virus kerIII'' *'' Barley yellow dwarf virus MAV'' *'' Barley yellow dwarf virus PAS'' *'' Barley yellow dwarf virus PAV'' *''
Bean leafroll virus Bean leafroll virus (BLRV) is a plant pathogenic virus of the genus '' Luteovirus''. External linksICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database: Bean leaf roll virus
'' *'' Cherry associated luteovirus'' *'' Nectarine stem pitting associated virus'' *'' Red clover associated luteovirus'' *'' Rose spring dwarf-associated virus'' *'' Soybean dwarf virus''


Morphology and genome structure

Viruses in ''Luteovirus'' are non-enveloped, with icosahedral and spherical geometries, and T=3 symmetry. The diameter is around 25-30 nm, with 32 capsomeres in each
nucleocapsid A capsid is the protein shell of a virus, enclosing its genetic material. It consists of several oligomeric (repeating) structural subunits made of protein called protomers. The observable 3-dimensional morphological subunits, which may or may ...
. The nucleic acid content is around 28%. ''Luteovirus'' is a group IV virus according to the
Baltimore classification Baltimore classification is a system used to classify viruses based on their manner of messenger RNA (mRNA) synthesis. By organizing viruses based on their manner of mRNA production, it is possible to study viruses that behave similarly as a di ...
of viruses. Each virion contains a single strand of (+) sense
RNA Ribonucleic acid (RNA) is a polymeric molecule essential in various biological roles in coding, decoding, regulation and expression of genes. RNA and deoxyribonucleic acid ( DNA) are nucleic acids. Along with lipids, proteins, and carbohydra ...
. The genome is non-segmented, linear and between 5300 and 5900
nucleotide Nucleotides are organic molecules consisting of a nucleoside and a phosphate. They serve as monomeric units of the nucleic acid polymers – deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA), both of which are essential biomolecules wi ...
s long. Notably, luteoviruses have two 5'
open reading frame In molecular biology, open reading frames (ORFs) are defined as spans of DNA sequence between the start and stop codons. Usually, this is considered within a studied region of a prokaryotic DNA sequence, where only one of the six possible readin ...
s (ORFs) which are located
upstream Upstream may refer to: * Upstream (bioprocess) * ''Upstream'' (film), a 1927 film by John Ford * Upstream (networking) * ''Upstream'' (newspaper), a newspaper covering the oil and gas industry * Upstream (petroleum industry) * Upstream (software ...
of the coat protein. One such ORF encodes an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. Several other ORFs are present at the 3' terminus and are expressed from subgenomic RNA. Viruses in ''Luteovirus'' also lack
polyadenylation Polyadenylation is the addition of a poly(A) tail to an RNA transcript, typically a messenger RNA (mRNA). The poly(A) tail consists of multiple adenosine monophosphates; in other words, it is a stretch of RNA that has only adenine bases. In euk ...
at the 3' terminus.


Life cycle

Viral replication is cytoplasmic. Entry into the host cell is achieved by penetration into the host cell. Replication follows the positive stranded RNA virus replication model. Positive stranded RNA virus transcription is the method of transcription. Translation takes place by leaky scanning, -1 ribosomal frameshifting, and suppression of termination. The virus exits the host cell by tubule-guided viral movement. Plants serve as the natural host. The virus is transmitted via a vector (insects). Transmission routes are vector and mechanical.


See also

* Beet yellow net virus


References


External links

* * https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ICTVdb/ICTVdB/39010000.htm * http://www.dpvweb.net/notes/showgenus.php?genus=Luteovirus
Viralzone: Luteovirus

ICTV
{{Taxonbar, from=Q3267858 Virus genera