''Lunatia'' is a

genus Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus com ...

predatory Predation is a biological interaction where one organism, the predator, kills and eats another organism, its prey. It is one of a family of common feeding behaviours that includes parasitism and micropredation (which usually do not kill th ...

sea snail Sea snail is a common name for slow-moving marine gastropod molluscs, usually with visible external shells, such as whelk or abalone. They share the taxonomic class Gastropoda with slugs, which are distinguished from snails primarily by the ...

marine Marine is an adjective meaning of or pertaining to the sea or ocean. Marine or marines may refer to: Ocean * Maritime (disambiguation) * Marine art * Marine biology * Marine debris * Marine habitats * Marine life * Marine pollution Military * ...

gastropod The gastropods (), commonly known as snails and slugs, belong to a large taxonomic class of invertebrates within the phylum Mollusca called Gastropoda (). This class comprises snails and slugs from saltwater, from freshwater, and from land. T ...

mollusk Mollusca is the second-largest phylum of invertebrate animals after the Arthropoda, the members of which are known as molluscs or mollusks (). Around 85,000 extant species of molluscs are recognized. The number of fossil species is e ...

s in the

family Family (from la, familia) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the family is to maintain the well-being of its ...

Naticidae Naticidae, common name moon snails or necklace shells, is a family (biology), family of medium to large-sized predatory sea snails, marine (ocean), marine gastropod molluscs in the clade Littorinimorpha. The shells of the species in this family a ...

, the moon snails.Bouchet, P. (2012). Lunatia. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=150577 on 2012-07-12 The species in this genus have been brought in synonymy mostly with ''

Euspira ''Euspira'' is a genus of medium-sized sea snails, marine (ocean), marine gastropod molluscs in the subfamily Polinicinae of the family (biology), family Naticidae, the moon snails.Gofas, S. (2011). Euspira Agassiz, 1838. Accessed through: Worl ...

'' Torigoe & Inaba (2011) provided a rather arbitrary assignment of species to respectively ''Euspira'' and ''Lunatia'' and this has been at one time uploaded in the WoRMS classification. However this is not based on any in-depth phylogenetic analysis and has proved inconsistent when some closely related European species (e.g. Euspira guillemini, E. macilenta) were then not congeneric. Until a substantiated phylogenetic hypothesis is published for the group, ''Lunatia'' is here considered a junior subjective synonym of ''Euspira'' and all the species accepted under ''Euspira'', following in this Marincowich (1977), Kabat (1991) and the Malacolog database.

Species

Species within the genus ''Lunatia'' include: * ''Lunatia abyssicola'' (E.A. Smith, 1896): synonym of ''

Euspira abyssicola ''Euspira'' is a genus of medium-sized sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the subfamily Polinicinae of the family Naticidae, the moon snails.Gofas, S. (2011). Euspira Agassiz, 1838. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at ht ...

'' (E. A. Smith, 1896) * ''Lunatia agujana'' (Dall, 1908): synonym of ''

Euspira agujana ''Euspira'' is a genus of medium-sized sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the subfamily Polinicinae of the family Naticidae, the moon snails.Gofas, S. (2011). Euspira Agassiz, 1838. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at ht ...

'' (Dall, 1908) * ''Lunatia alderi'' (Forbes, 1838): synonym of ''

Euspira pulchella ''Euspira'' is a genus of medium-sized sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the subfamily Polinicinae of the family Naticidae, the moon snails.Gofas, S. (2011). Euspira Agassiz, 1838. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at ht ...

'' ( Risso, 1826) * ''Lunatia bransfieldensis'' Preston, 1916: synonym of '' Amauropsis bransfieldensis'' (Preston, 1916) * ''Lunatia catena'' (da Costa, 1778): synonym of ''

Euspira catena ''Euspira catena'', previously known as ''Natica catena'', common name the large necklace shell, is a medium-sized species of predatory sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Naticidae, the moon snails.Bouchet, P. (2012). Lunatia ca ...

'' (da Costa, 1778) * ''Lunatia choshiensis'' Tiba, 1985: synonym of ' 'Euspira pallida'' (Broderip & G.B. Sowerby I, 1829) * ''Lunatia crawfordiana'' (Dall, 1908): synonym of ''

Euspira crawfordiana ''Euspira'' is a genus of medium-sized sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the subfamily Polinicinae of the family Naticidae, the moon snails.Gofas, S. (2011). Euspira Agassiz, 1838. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at ht ...

'' (Dall, 1908) * ''Lunatia draconis'' Dall, 1903: synonym of ''

Glossaulax draconis ''Glossaulax'' is a genus of large sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Naticidae, the moon snails.Bouchet, P. (2012). Glossaulax Pilsbry, 1929. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org ...

'' (Dall, 1903) * ''Lunatia fringilla'' (Dall, 1881): synonym of ''

Euspira fringilla ''Euspira fringilla'' is a species of predatory sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Naticidae, the moon snails.Gofas, S.; Bouchet, P. (2015). Euspira fringilla (Dall, 1881). In: MolluscaBase (2015). Accessed through: World Regis ...

'' (Dall, 1881) * ''Lunatia fusca'' (Blainville, 1825): synonym of ''

Euspira fusca ''Euspira fusca'', common name the dark necklace shell, is a species of predatory sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Naticidae, the moon snails.Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S. (2015). Euspira fusca (Blainville, 1825). In: MolluscaBase (2 ...

'' (Blainville, 1825) * ''Lunatia gilva'' (Philippi, 1851): synonym of ''

Laguncula pulchella ''Laguncula pulchella'' is a species of predatory sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Naticidae Naticidae, common name moon snails or necklace shells, is a family (biology), family of medium to large-sized predatory sea snails ...

'' Benson, 1842 * ''Lunatia grossularia'' (Marche-Marchad, 1957): synonym of ''

Euspira grossularia ''Euspira grossularia'' known as the Senegal moon snail is a species of predatory sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Naticidae, the moon snails.Gofas, S.; Bouchet, P. (2015). Euspira grossularia (Marche-Marchad, 1957). In: Mollu ...

'' (Marche-Marchad, 1957) * ''Lunatia guilleminii'' (Payraudeau, 1826): synonym of ''

Euspira guilleminii ''Euspira guilleminii'' is a species of predatory sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Naticidae Naticidae, common name moon snails or necklace shells, is a family (biology), family of medium to large-sized predatory sea snails ...

'' (Payraudeau, 1826) * ''Lunatia heros'' (Say, 1822): synonym of ''

Euspira heros ''Euspira heros'', the northern moon snail, is a species of large sea snail in the family Naticidae.Gofas, S.; Bouchet, P.; Rosenberg, G. (2015). Euspira heros (Say, 1822). In: MolluscaBase (2015). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Speci ...

'' (Say, 1822) * ''Lunatia intermedia'' (Philippi, 1836): synonym of '' Euspira nitida'' (Donovan, 1804) * ''Lunatia levicula'' ( A. E. Verrill, 1880): synonym of ''

Euspira levicula ''Euspira levicula'' is a species of predatory sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Naticidae, the moon snails.Gofas, S.; Bouchet, P.; Rosenberg, G. (2015). Euspira levicula (A. E. Verrill, 1880). In: MolluscaBase (2015). Accessed ...

'' (A. E. Verrill, 1880) * ''Lunatia lewisii'' (Gould, 1847): synonym of ''

Neverita lewisii ''Neverita lewisii'' (previously known as ''Polinices lewisii'', ''Lunatia lewisii'', ''Euspira lewisii''), common name Lewis's moon snail, is a species of large operculated sea snail. It is a predatory marine gastropod in the family Naticidae, ...

'' (Gould, 1847) * ''Lunatia litorina'' (Dall, 1908): synonym of '' Euspira litorina'' (Dall, 1908) * ''Lunatia macilenta'' (Philippi, 1844): synonym of ''

Euspira macilenta ''Euspira macilenta'' is a species of predatory sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Naticidae, the moon snails. Description Distribution This species occurs in the Mediterranean Sea The Mediterranean Sea is a sea connecte ...

'' (Philippi, 1844) * ''Lunatia monilifera'' (Lamarck, 1822): synonym of ''

'' (da Costa, 1778) * ''Lunatia montagui'' (Forbes, 1838): synonym of '' Euspira montagui'' (Forbes, 1838) * ''Lunatia monterona'' (Dall, 1919): synonym of ''

Euspira monterona ''Euspira'' is a genus of medium-sized sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the subfamily Polinicinae of the family Naticidae, the moon snails.Gofas, S. (2011). Euspira Agassiz, 1838. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at ht ...

'' Dall, 1919 * ''Lunatia nitidia'' auct. non Donovan, 1800: synonym of '' Euspira nitida'' (Donovan, 1804) * ''Lunatia nux'' Okutani, 1964: synonym of ''

Euspira nux ''Euspira'' is a genus of medium-sized sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the subfamily Polinicinae of the family Naticidae, the moon snails.Gofas, S. (2011). Euspira Agassiz, 1838. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at ht ...

'' (Okutani, 1964) * ''Lunatia pallida'' (Broderip & G.B. Sowerby I, 1829): synonym of ''

Euspira pallida ''Euspira pallida'' is a species of predatory sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Naticidae, the moon snails.Gofas, S.; Bouchet, P. (2014). Euspira pallida (Broderip & Sowerby, 1829). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Sp ...

'' (Broderip & Sowerby, 1829) * ''Lunatia pardoana'' (Dall, 1908): synonym of ''

Euspira pardoana ''Euspira'' is a genus of medium-sized sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the subfamily Polinicinae of the family Naticidae, the moon snails.Gofas, S. (2011). Euspira Agassiz, 1838. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at ht ...

'' (Dall, 1908) * ''Lunatia pila'' (Pilsbry, 1911): synonym of '' Euspira pila'' (Pilsbry, 1911) * ''Lunatia plicispira'' Kuroda, 1961: synonym of Euspira plicispira (Kuroda, 1961) * ''Lunatia poliana'' (Della Chiaje, 1826): synonym of ''

'' ( Risso, 1826) * ''Lunatia sordida'' (Philippi, 1844): synonym of ''

'' (Blainville, 1825) * ''Lunatia tenuis'' (Récluz, 1851): synonym of '' Euspira tenuis'' (Récluz, 1851) * ''Lunatia tenuistriata'' (Dautzenberg & H. Fischer, 1911): synonym of '' Euspira tenuistriata'' (Dautzenberg & H. Fischer, 1911) * ''Lunatia triseriata'' (Say, 1826): synonym of '' Euspira triseriata'' (Say, 1826) * ''Lunatia yokoyamai'' (Kuroda & Habe, 1952): synonym of '' Euspira yokoyamai'' (Kuroda & Habe, 1952)

References

* Backeljau, T. (1986). ''Lijst van de recente mariene mollusken van België ist of the recent marine molluscs of Belgium'' Koninklijk Belgisch Instituut voor Natuurwetenschappen: Brussels, Belgium. 106 pp. * Vaught, K.C. (1989). ''A classification of the living Mollusca''. American Malacologists: Melbourne, FL (USA). . XII, 195 pp.

External links

Kabat A. R. (1991). ''The classification of the Naticidae (Mollusca Gastropoda). Review and analysis of the supraspecific taxa.'' Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 152: 417-449
{{Taxonbar, from=Q3138348 Naticidae