Aurélien-Marie Lugné (27 December 1869 19 June 1940), known by his stage and

pen name A pen name, also called a ''nom de plume'' or a literary double, is a pseudonym (or, in some cases, a variant form of a real name) adopted by an author and printed on the title page or by-line of their works in place of their real name. A pen na ...

Lugné-Poe, was a French actor,

theatre director A theatre director or stage director is a professional in the theatre field who oversees and orchestrates the mounting of a theatre production such as a play, opera, dance, drama, musical theatre performance, etc. by unifying various endeavors a ...

, and scenic designer. He founded the landmark Paris theatre company, the

Théâtre de l'Œuvre The Théâtre de l'Œuvre is a Paris theatre on the Right Bank, located at 3, Cité Monthiers, entrance 55, rue de Clichy, in the 9° arrondissement. It is commonly conflated and confused with the late-nineteenth-century theater company named Th� ...

, which produced experimental work by French

Symbolist Symbolism was a late 19th-century art movement of French and Belgian origin in poetry and other arts seeking to represent absolute truths symbolically through language and metaphorical images, mainly as a reaction against naturalism and realis ...

writers and painters at the end of the nineteenth century. Like his contemporary, theatre pioneer

André Antoine André Antoine (31 January 185823 October 1943) was a French actor, theatre manager, film director, author, and critic who is considered the father of modern mise en scène in France. Biography André Antoine was a clerk at the Paris Gas Utilit ...

, he gave the French premieres of works by the leading Scandinavian playwrights

Henrik Ibsen Henrik Johan Ibsen (; ; 20 March 1828 – 23 May 1906) was a Norwegian playwright and theatre director. As one of the founders of modernism in theatre, Ibsen is often referred to as "the father of realism" and one of the most influential playw ...

August Strindberg Johan August Strindberg (, ; 22 January 184914 May 1912) was a Swedish playwright, novelist, poet, essayist and painter.Lane (1998), 1040. A prolific writer who often drew directly on his personal experience, Strindberg wrote more than sixty p ...

, and

Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson Bjørnstjerne Martinius Bjørnson ( , ; 8 December 1832 – 26 April 1910) was a Norwegian writer who received the 1903 Nobel Prize in Literature "as a tribute to his noble, magnificent and versatile poetry, which has always been distinguished ...

Early career

In 1887, at age 17, Lugné-Poe and friend Georges Bourdon created an amateur theatre group called le Cercle des Escholiers, which sought to perform "unpublished or, at the very least, little-known works." As he prepared to audition for the

Paris Conservatory The Conservatoire de Paris (), also known as the Paris Conservatory, is a college of music and dance founded in 1795. Officially known as the Conservatoire National Supérieur de Musique et de Danse de Paris (CNSMDP), it is situated in the avenue ...

, he changed his name from Lugné to "Lugné-Poe" in homage to

Edgar Allan Poe Edgar Allan Poe (; Edgar Poe; January 19, 1809 – October 7, 1849) was an American writer, poet, editor, and literary critic. Poe is best known for his poetry and short stories, particularly his tales of mystery and the macabre. He is wide ...

. While the Conservatory rejected his audition in fall 1887, they accepted him in fall 1888; days later he joined

Théâtre Libre The Théâtre Libre (French for "Free Theatre") was a theatre company that operated from 1887 to 1896 in Paris, France. Origins and History Théâtre Libre was founded on 30 March 1887 by André Antoine. The primary goal of the theatre was to ...

, a subscriber-based Naturalist independent

theatre Theatre or theater is a collaborative form of performing art that uses live performers, usually actors or actresses, to present the experience of a real or imagined event before a live audience in a specific place, often a stage. The perform ...

. After appearing in the first play of that season under his own name, Lugné-Poe adopted the

stage name A stage name is a pseudonym used by performers and entertainers—such as actors, comedians, singers, and musicians. Such professional aliases are adopted for a wide variety of reasons and they may be similar, or nearly identical, to an individu ...

s "Philippon," "Delorme," and "Leroy" for the duration of his association with Antoine's company. Lugné-Poe continued acting lessons at the Conservatory under the great

Comédie-Française The Comédie-Française () or Théâtre-Français () is one of the few state theatres in France. Founded in 1680, it is the oldest active theatre company in the world. Established as a French state-controlled entity in 1995, it is the only state ...

star

Gustave Worms Gustave-Hippolyte Worms (26 November 1836 – 19 November 1910) was a French actor and teacher of acting. After a successful student career at the Paris Conservatoire, he joined the Comédie-Française in 1858. Although elected to the company's é ...

while appearing in Théâtre Libre's 1888-1889 season and the first half of the next. But tensions grew over the next year as Antoine bullied and blamed his actors, including Lugné-Poe, for weak performances. After their falling out while on tour in Belgium in early 1890, Lugné-Poe concentrated on his Conservatory competition showcases, winning a First-Place certificate for Comedy in early 1890. His obligation to fulfill military service in the fall, however, suspended his theatrical rise. Before his departure, he had already befriended a group of painters known as

The Nabis Les Nabis (French: les nabis, ) were a group of young French artists active in Paris from 1888 until 1900, who played a large part in the transition from impressionism and academic art to abstract art, symbolism and the other early movements of ...

, and publicized their work in a series of articles. Returning from an abbreviated military service in early spring 1891, Lugné-Poe joined

Paul Fort Jules-Jean-Paul Fort (1 February 1872 – 20 April 1960) was a French poet associated with the Symbolist movement. At the age of 18, reacting against the Naturalistic theatre, Fort founded the Théâtre d'Art (1890–93). He also founded and edi ...

's Théâtre d'Art, first appearing in

Maurice Maeterlinck Maurice Polydore Marie Bernard Maeterlinck (29 August 1862 – 6 May 1949), also known as Count (or Comte) Maeterlinck from 1932, was a Belgian playwright, poet, and essayist who was Flemish but wrote in French. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in ...

's ''

L'Intruse ''Intruder'' (french: L'Intruse) is a one-act play by Belgian playwright Maurice Maeterlinck, which appeared first in publication in 1890. Journalistic appreciations of the text throughout that year prompted Parisian independent theatre producers t ...

''. For the next two years, he moved regularly between acting for the Théâtre d'Art and directing for his former company Le Cercle des Escholiers. Lugné-Poe performed in ten plays altogether for Fort, interpreting, most notably, the Maeterlinck rôles of the Old Man in ''L'Intruse'' (1891) and the First Blind Man in '' Les Aveugles'' (1891), as well as Satan in Jules Bois' ''Les Noces de Sathan'' (1892). He, along with Georgette Camée, forged the signature Symbolist acting style that conveys a reverie, with its hieratic movement and gestures, matched with solemn, psalmodized line readings. After the disappointing plays of the March 28, 1892 program, Fort called a halt to the Théâtre d'Art. Lugné-Poe put his talents to staging and acting in noteworthy plays with the Cercle des Escholiers, which culminated with Ibsen's ''

The Lady from the Sea ''The Lady from the Sea'' ( no, Fruen fra havet, link=no) is a play written in 1888 by Norwegian playwright Henrik Ibsen inspired by the ballad '' Agnete og Havmanden''. The drama introduces the character of Hilde Wangel who is again portrayed i ...

'' (1892). It was only the fourth French-translated Ibsen play to open in Paris, after Antoine's landmark productions of ''Ghosts'' in 1890 and ''

The Wild Duck ''The Wild Duck'' (original Norwegian title: ''Vildanden'') is an 1884 play by the Norwegian playwright Henrik Ibsen. It is considered the first modern masterpiece in the genre of tragicomedy. ''The Wild Duck'' and ''Rosmersholm'' are "often t ...

'' in 1891, and

Albert Carré Albert Carré (born Strasbourg 22 June 1852, died Paris 12 December 1938) was a French theatre director, opera director, actor and librettist. He was the nephew of librettist Michel Carré (1821–1872) and cousin of cinema director Michel Carré ( ...

's production of ''

Hedda Gabler ''Hedda Gabler'' () is a play written by Norwegian playwright Henrik Ibsen. The world premiere was staged on 31 January 1891 at the Residenztheater in Munich. Ibsen himself was in attendance, although he remained back-stage. The play has been can ...

'' in December 1891. When Lugné-Poe reconstituted the Théâtre d'Art as the

in 1893, he would make Ibsen his specialty in Paris theatre, premiering (and often starring in) nine Ibsen plays between 1893 and 1897.

Théâtre de l'Œuvre

Like Paul Fort before him, Lugné-Poe never secured a permanent stage for the entire run of his company's initial art-theatre experiment. The Théâtre de l'Œuvre debuted with Maeterlinck's '' Pelléas et Mélisande'' for a single matinée performance at the

Théâtre des Bouffes-Parisiens The Théâtre des Bouffes-Parisiens () is a Parisian theatre founded in 1855 by the composer Jacques Offenbach for the performance of opéra bouffe and operetta. The current theatre is located in the 2nd arrondissement at 4 rue Monsigny with an ...

in May 1893, but the six engagements in his next season occurred at the distant

Théâtre des Bouffes du Nord The Bouffes du Nord is a theatre at 37 bis, boulevard de la Chapelle, in the 10th arrondissement of Paris located near the Gare du Nord. It has been listed since 1993 as a ''monument historique'' by the French Ministry of Culture. History Founde ...

, where he premiered Ibsen's ''

Rosmersholm ''Rosmersholm'' () is a play written by Norwegian playwright Henrik Ibsen in Danish—the common written language of Denmark and Norway at the time—and originally published in 1886 in Copenhagen by the Danish publisher Gyldendal. ''Rosmersholm'' ...

'', ''

An Enemy of the People ''An Enemy of the People'' (original Norwegian title: ''En folkefiende''), an 1882 play by Norwegian playwright Henrik Ibsen, followed his previous play, ''Ghosts'', which criticized the hypocrisy of his society's moral code. That response inclu ...

'', and ''

The Master Builder ''The Master Builder'' ( no, Bygmester Solness) is a play by Norwegian playwright Henrik Ibsen. It was first published in December 1892 and is regarded as one of Ibsen's more significant and revealing works. Performance The play was published ...

'', Gerhart Hauptmann's ''Lonely Lives'', and Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson's ''Beyond Human Power'', among others. For the May 1894 production of

Henri Bataille Félix-Henri "Henry" Bataille (4 April 1872, in Nîmes – 2 March 1922, in Rueil-Malmaison) was a French dramatist and poet. His works were popular between 1900 and the start of World War I. Bataille's parents died when he was young. He atten ...

and

Robert d'Humières Aymeric Eugène Robert d’Humières (2 March 1868 – 26 April 1915) was a French man of letters, poet, chronicler, translator and theatre director. Biography Robert d'Humières was born on 2 March 1868 at the Château de Conros, Arpajon-sur- ...

' ''Sleeping Beauty'', he secured Nouveau-Théâtre's space for the first time. Though he concluded the season with

's ''

Creditors A creditor or lender is a party (e.g., person, organization, company, or government) that has a claim on the services of a second party. It is a person or institution to whom money is owed. The first party, in general, has provided some property ...

'' at the newly built Comédie-Parisienne (later known as

Louis Jouvet Jules Eugène Louis Jouvet (24 December 1887 – 16 August 1951) was a French actor, theatre director and filmmaker. Early life Jouvet was born in Crozon. He had a stutter as a young man and originally trained as a pharmacist. He receive ...

Théâtre de l'Athénée The Théâtre de l'Athénée is a theatre at 7 rue Boudreau, in the 9th arrondissement of Paris. Renovated in 1996 and classified a historical monument, the Athénée inherits an artistic tradition marked by the figure of Louis Jouvet who dire ...

), he quickly assumed the directorship of Nouveau-Théâtre for most of the 1894-95 season. There he premiered Maeterlinck's adaptation of

John Ford John Martin Feeney (February 1, 1894 – August 31, 1973), known professionally as John Ford, was an American film director and naval officer. He is widely regarded as one of the most important and influential filmmakers of his generation. He ...

's ''

'Tis Pity She's a Whore ''Tis Pity She's a Whore'' (original spelling: ''Tis Pitty Shee's a Who'' 'ore'') is a tragedy written by John Ford. It was first performed or between 1629 and 1633, by Queen Henrietta's Men at the Cockpit Theatre. The play was first publis ...

'' (''Annabella''), Beaubourg's ''The Mute Voice'', Strindberg's '' The Father'',

Śūdraka Shudraka ( IAST: ) was an Indian playwright, to whom three Sanskrit plays are attributed: '' Mrichchhakatika'' (''The Little Clay Cart''), ''Vinavasavadatta'', and a ''bhana'' (short one-act monologue), ''Padmaprabhritaka''.Bhattacharji, Sukumari ...

's ''

The Little Clay Cart ''The'' () is a grammatical article in English, denoting persons or things already mentioned, under discussion, implied or otherwise presumed familiar to listeners, readers, or speakers. It is the definite article in English. ''The'' is the m ...

'', and Maeterlinck's '' Interior'', among others. While his May 1895 productions (including Ibsen's ''

Little Eyolf Little is a synonym for small size and may refer to: Arts and entertainment * ''Little'' (album), 1990 debut album of Vic Chesnutt * ''Little'' (film), 2019 American comedy film *The Littles, a series of children's novels by American author John P ...

'') were staged at the Théâtre des Menus-Plaisirs, he returned to Nouveau-Théâtre to conclude the season with Ibsen's ''

Brand A brand is a name, term, design, symbol or any other feature that distinguishes one seller's good or service from those of other sellers. Brands are used in business, marketing, and advertising for recognition and, importantly, to create an ...

''. The 1895-96 season found residence at two locations. Lugné-Poe staged the first half of the season back at the Comédie-Parisienne, with a line-up that included

Thomas Otway Thomas Otway (3 March 165214 April 1685) was an English dramatist of the Restoration period, best known for ''Venice Preserv'd'', or ''A Plot Discover'd'' (1682). Life Otway was born at Trotton near Midhurst, the parish of which his father, H ...

's ''

Venice Preserved ''Venice Preserv'd'' is an English Restoration play written by Thomas Otway, and the most significant tragedy of the English stage in the 1680s. It was first staged in 1682, with Thomas Betterton as Jaffeir and Elizabeth Barry as Belvidera. The ...

'',

Kālidāsa Kālidāsa (''fl.'' 4th–5th century CE) was a Classical Sanskrit author who is often considered ancient India's greatest poet and playwright. His plays and poetry are primarily based on the Vedas, the Rāmāyaṇa, the Mahābhārata and t ...

's '' The Ring of Shakuntalā'', and

Oscar Wilde Oscar Fingal O'Flahertie Wills Wilde (16 October 185430 November 1900) was an Irish poet and playwright. After writing in different forms throughout the 1880s, he became one of the most popular playwrights in London in the early 1890s. He is ...

's ''

Salome Salome (; he, שְלוֹמִית, Shlomit, related to , "peace"; el, Σαλώμη), also known as Salome III, was a Jewish princess, the daughter of Herod II, son of Herod the Great, and princess Herodias, granddaughter of Herod the Great, an ...

''. The second half, however, starting in March 1896, began over two-years' residency for the Théâtre de l'Œuvre at Nouveau-Théâtre. Most notably, they premiered Ibsen's ''

Pillars of Society ''The Pillars of Society'' (or "Pillars of the Community"; original Norwegian title: ''Samfundets støtter'') is an 1877 play written by Norwegian playwright Henrik Ibsen. Ibsen had great trouble with the writing of this play. The ending is ...

'' (22-23 June 1896) and ''

Peer Gynt ''Peer Gynt'' (, ) is a five- act play in verse by the Norwegian dramatist Henrik Ibsen published in 1876. Written in Norwegian, it is one of the most widely performed Norwegian plays. Ibsen believed ''Per Gynt'', the Norwegian fairy tale on wh ...

'' (11-12 November 1896);

Alfred Jarry Alfred Jarry (; 8 September 1873 – 1 November 1907) was a French symbolist writer who is best known for his play ''Ubu Roi'' (1896). He also coined the term and philosophical concept of 'pataphysics. Jarry was born in Laval, Mayenne, France, ...

's ''

Ubu Roi ''Ubu Roi'' (; "Ubu the King" or "King Ubu") is a play by French writer Alfred Jarry, then 23 years old. It was first performed in Paris in 1896, by Aurélien Lugné-Poe's Théâtre de l'Œuvre at the Nouveau-Théâtre (today, the Théâtre de P ...

'' (9-10 December 1896); Bjørnson's sequel to ''Beyond Human Power'' (25-26 January 1897); Hauptmann's fairy drama ''

The Sunken Bell ''The Sunken Bell'' (german: Die versunkene Glocke) is a poetic play in blank verse by Gerhart Hauptmann (2. December 1896 in Berlin). Plot It is a fairy drama, the chief human character of which is Heinrich, a master bellfounder Bellfoundin ...

'' (4-5 March 1897); Bataille's ''Your Blood'' (7-8 May 1897); Ibsen's ''

Love's Comedy ''Love's Comedy'' ( no, Kjærlighedens Komedie) is a comedy by Henrik Ibsen. It was first published on 31 December 1862. As a result of being branded an "immoral" work in the press, the Christiania Theatre would not dare to stage it at first. "T ...

'' (22-23 June 1897) and ''

John Gabriel Borkman ''John Gabriel Borkman'' is a 1896 play by the Norwegian playwright Henrik Ibsen. It was his penultimate work. Plot The Borkman family fortunes have been brought low by the imprisonment of John Gabriel who used his position as a bank manager to s ...

'' (8-9 November 1897);

Nikolai Gogol Nikolai Vasilyevich Gogol; uk, link=no, Мико́ла Васи́льович Го́голь, translit=Mykola Vasyliovych Hohol; (russian: Яновский; uk, Яновський, translit=Yanovskyi) ( – ) was a Russian novelist, ...

's '' The Inspector General'' (7-8 January 1898); and

Romain Rolland Romain Rolland (; 29 January 1866 – 30 December 1944) was a French dramatist, novelist, essayist, art historian and Mysticism, mystic who was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1915 "as a tribute to the lofty idealism of his literary pro ...

's '' Aert'' (2-3 May 1898) and ''The Wolves'' (18 May 1898). For their last season, the Théâtre de l'Œuvre gave two undistinguished premieres—Paul Sonniès' ''

Fausta Flavia Maxima Fausta ''Augusta'' (289–326 AD) was a Roman empress. She was the daughter of Maximian and second wife of Constantine the Great, who had her executed and excluded from all official accounts for unknown reasons. Historians Zosimu ...

'' (15-16 May 1899) and Lucien Mayrargue's ''The Yoke'' (5-6 June 1899)—preferring to hold the much anticipated revival of ''An Enemy of the People'' at the grander Théâtre de la Renaissance in February. Lugné-Poe's last productions for the company were done at the very theatre where the Théâtre de l'Œuvre had begun in 1893 with ''Pelléas et Mélisande'': the Théâtre des Bouffes-Parisiens. By the close of the nineteenth century, Lugné-Poe's company had successfully established half a dozen Parisian theatres as sites for daring, challenging, and at times outrageous modern drama. In 1895, Jakub Grein and the Independent Theatre Society invited Lugné-Poe and his troupe to present a season of Ibsen's ''

'', ''

'', and

symbolist Symbolism was a late 19th-century art movement of French and Belgian origin in poetry and other arts seeking to represent absolute truths symbolically through language and metaphorical images, mainly as a reaction against naturalism and realis ...

'' and ''

Pelléas and Mélisande ''Pelléas and Mélisande'' (french: Pelléas et Mélisande) is a Symbolist play by Maurice Maeterlinck about the forbidden, doomed love of the title characters. It was first performed in 1893. The work never achieved great success on the stage, ...

'' in London.Styan, J. ''Modern Drama in Theory and Practice: Realism and Naturalism'' pp. 55–57 (Cambridge University Press, 1981) .

Productions

;

* 1893: '' Pelléas et Mélisande'' (

) * 1898: ''La Victoire'' (Bouhélier) * 1898: ''Solness le constructeur'' (

, translated by Prozor) * 1899: ''Entretien d'un philosophie avec la maréchale de XXX'' (Diderot) * 1899: ''Le Triomphe de la raison'' (Rolland) ;

* 1893: ''Rosmersholm'' (

, translated by Prozor) * 1893: ''Un Ennemi du peuple'' (

, translated by Chennevière and Johansen) * 1893: ''Ames solitaires'' (

Gerhart Hauptmann Gerhart Johann Robert Hauptmann (; 15 November 1862 – 6 June 1946) was a German dramatist and novelist. He is counted among the most important promoters of literary naturalism, though he integrated other styles into his work as well. He recei ...

, translated by Cohen) * 1894: ''L'Araignée de cristal'' (Rachilde) * 1894: ''Au-dessus des forces humaines'' (Björnstjerne-Björnson, translated by Prozor) * 1894: ''Une Nuit d'avril à Céos'' (Trarieux) * 1894: ''L'Image'' (Beaubourg) * 1894: ''Solness le construsteur'' (

, translated by Prozor) ; Nouveau-Théâtre * 1894: ''La Belle au bois dormant'' (Bataille and d'Humières) * 1894: ''La Vie muette'' (Beaubourg) * 1894: ''Père'' (

, translated by Loiseau) * 1894: ''Un Ennemi du peuple'' (

, translated by Chennevière and Johansen) * 1895: ''Le Chariot de terre cuite'' (Barrucand) * 1895: ''La Scène'' (Lebey) * 1895: ''La Vérité dans levin ou les Désagréments de la galanterie'' (Collé) * 1895: ''Intérieur(

) * 1895: ''Brand'' (

, translated by Prozor) * 1896: ''La Fleur palan enlevée'' (Arène) * 1896: ''L'Errante'' (Quillard) * 1896: ''La Dernière croisade'' (Gray) * 1896: ''Hérakléa'' (Villeroy) * 1896: ''La Brebis'' (Sée) * 1896: ''Les Soutiens de la société'' (

, translated by Bertrand and Nevers) * 1896: ''

'' (

) * 1896: '' Ubu roi ou les Polonais'' (

) * 1896: ''Le Tandem'' (Trézenick and Soulaine) * 1897: ''La Motte de terre'' (Dumur) * 1897: ''Au delà des forces humaines'' (Björnstjerne-Björnson, translated by Monnier and Littmanson) * 1897: ''La Cloche engloutie'' (

, translated by Hérold) * 1897: ''Ton Sang'' (Bataille) * 1897: ''Le Fils de l'abbesse'' (Herdey) * 1897: ''La Comédie de l'amour'' (

, translated by Colleville and Zepelin) * 1897: ''Jean-Gabriel Borkman'' (

, translated by Prozor) * 1898: ''Le Revizor'' (

) * 1898: ''Rosmersholm'' (

, translated by Prozor) * 1898: ''Le Gage'' (Jourdain) * 1898: ''L'Échelle'' (Zype) * 1898: ''

Le Balcon Le Balcon is a chamber orchestra dedicated to the interpretation of music through the amplification of acoustic instruments. The ensemble has numerous aims: to stimulate writing for amplified acoustic instruments and to rethink the aesthetic of ...

'' (Heiberg, translated by Prozor) * 1898: ''Aërt'' (Rolland) * 1898: ''Morituri ou les Loups'' (Rolland) * 1899: ''Fausta'' (Sonniès) * 1899: ''Le Joug'' (Mayrargue) * 1900: ''La Cloître'' (Verhaeren) * 1901: ''Le Roi candaule'' (

André Gide André Paul Guillaume Gide (; 22 November 1869 – 19 February 1951) was a French author and winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature (in 1947). Gide's career ranged from its beginnings in the Symbolism (arts), symbolist movement, to the advent o ...

)\ * 1902: ''Monna Vanna'' (

) * 1902: ''Manfred'' (Lord Byron, adapted by Forthuny) * 1903: ''La Roussalka'' (Schuré) * 1903: ''Le Maître de Palmyre'' (Wilbrandt, translated by Renon, Bénon, and Zifferer) * 1903: ''L'Oasis'' (Jullien) * 1904: ''Philippe II'' (Verhaeren) * 1904: ''Polyphème'' (Samain) * 1904: ''Oedipe à Colone'' (Sophocles, adapted by Gastambide) * 1904: ''L'Ouvrier de la dernière heure'' (Guiraud) * 1904: ''Les Droits du coeur'' (Jullien) * 1904: ''Le Jaloux'' (Bibesco) * 1905: ''La Gioconda'' (D'Annunzio, translated by Hérelle) * 1905: ''La Fille de Jorio'' (D'Annunzio, translated by Hérelle) * 1905: ''Dionysos'' (Gasquet) * 1905: ''Dans les bas-fonds'' (Gorky, translated by Halperine-Kaminsky) * 1906: ''Le Réformateur'' (Rod) * 1906: ''Le Cloaque'' (Labry) ;Comédie-Parisienne * 1894: ''Frères'' (Bang, translated by Colleville and Zepelin) * 1894: ''La Gardienne'' (Régnier) * 1894: ''Les Créanciers'' (

, translated by Loiseau) * 1895: ''Venise sauvée'' (Otway, translated by Pène) * 1895: ''L'Anneau de Çakuntala'' (Kalidasa, adapted by Hérold) * 1896: ''Une Mère'' (Ameen, translated by Prozor) * 1896: ''Brocéliande'' (Lorrain) * 1896: ''Les Flaireurs'' (Lerberghe) * 1896: ''Des mots! des mots!'' (Quinel and Dubreuil) * 1896: ''Raphaël'' (Coolus) * 1896: '' Salomé'' (

) * 1896: ''La Lépreuse'' (

Henry Bataille Félix-Henri "Henry" Bataille (4 April 1872, in Nîmes – 2 March 1922, in Rueil-Malmaison) was a French dramatist and poet. His works were popular between 1900 and the start of World War I. Bataille's parents died when he was young. He attend ...

) ;Théâtre du Ménus-Plaisirs * 1895: ''L'École de l'idéal'' (Vérola) * 1895: ''Le Petit Eyolf'' (

, translated by Prozor) * 1895: ''Le Volant'' (

Paul Claudel Paul Claudel (; 6 August 1868 – 23 February 1955) was a French poet, dramatist and diplomat, and the younger brother of the sculptor Camille Claudel. He was most famous for his verse dramas, which often convey his devout Catholicism. Early lif ...

) ;Salle de Trianon, Paris * 1906: ''Madame la marquise'' (Sutro) * 1906: ''Le Troisième Couvert'' (Savoir) * 1906: ''Leurs Soucis'' (Bahr) ;Théâtre Marigny * 1904: ''La Prophétie'' (Toussaint) * 1906: ''Pan'' (

Charles van Lerberghe Charles van Lerberghe (21 October 1861 – 26 October 1907) was a Belgian author who wrote in French and was particularly identified with the symbolist movement. The growing atheism and anticlerical stance evident in his later work made it popula ...

) * 1906: ''L'Héritier naturel'' (Keim) * 1907: ''L'Amie des sages'' (Allou) * 1907: ''Petit Jean'' (Buysieulx and Max) * 1908: ''Hypatie'' (Barlatier) * 1908: ''Acquitté'' (Antona-Traversi, translated by Lécuyer) * 1908: ''Les Vieux'' (Rameil and Saisset) * 1908: ''La Madone'' (Spaak) * 1909: ''Le Roi bombance'' (Marinetti) * 1909: ''Nonotte et Patouillet'' (du Bois) ;

Théâtre Grévin The Théâtre Grévin is a Parisian theatre situated at 10 boulevard Montmartre in the 9th arrondissement of Paris and located within the Musée Grévin. It also overlooks the Passage Jouffroy. This site can be reached by the Grands Boulevards m ...

* 1907: ''Une Aventure de Frédérick Lemaître'' (Basset) * 1907: ''Placide'' (Séverin-Malfayde and Dolley) * 1907: ''Zénaïde ou les caprices du destin'' (Delorme and Gally) ;Théâtre Fémina * 1907: ''La Tragédie florentine'' (

) * 1907: ''Philista'' (Battanchon) * 1907: ''Le Droit au bonheur'' (Lemonnier and Soulaine) * 1907: ''Un Rien'' (Valloton) * 1907: ''Le Baptême'' (Savoir and Nozière) * 1907: ''Mendès est dans la salle'' (Marchès and Vautel) * 1908: ''La Loi'' (Jourda) * 1908: ''Vae Victis'' (Duterme) * 1908: ''Les Amours d'Ovide'' (Mouézy-Eon, Auzanet, and Faral) * 1908: ''Au Temps des fées'' (Blanchard) * 1908: ''Elektra'' (Hofmannsthal, adapted by Strozzi and Epstein) * 1908: ''Le Jeu de la morale et du hasard'' (Bernard) * 1908: ''La Dame qui n'est plus aux camélias'' (Faramond) * 1909: ''Perce-Neige et les sept gnomes'' (Dortzal, Adapted from ''

Snow White "Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs" is a 19th-century German fairy tale that is today known widely across the Western world. The Brothers Grimm published it in 1812 in the first edition of their collection ''Grimms' Fairy Tales'' and numbered as Ta ...

'' by

the Brothers Grimm The Brothers Grimm ( or ), Jacob (1785–1863) and Wilhelm (1786–1859), were a brother duo of German academics, philologists, cultural researchers, lexicographers, and authors who together collected and published folklore. They are among the ...

) * 1909: ''La Chaîne'' (Level and Monnier) * 1910: ''La Sonate à Kreutzer'' (Savoir and Nozière, adapted from Tolstoy) * 1910: ''Le Mauvais Grain'' (Faramond) * 1910: ''Le Poupard'' (Bouvelet) * 1911: ''Malazarte'' (Aranha) ; Théâtre Antoine * 1911: ''Sur le seuil'' (Battanchon) * 1911: ''Un Médecin de campagne'' (Bordeaux and Denarié) * 1911: ''Les Oiseaux'' (Nozière) * 1912: ''Anne ma soeur'' (Auzanet) * 1912: ''La Charité s.v.p.'' (Speth) * 1912: ''Futile'' (Bernouard) * 1912: ''Le Visionnaire'' (Renaud) * 1912: ''Ce Bougre d'original'' (Soulages) * 1912: ''Le Candidat Machefer'' (Hellem and D'Estoc) * 1912: ''Ariane blessée'' (Allou) * 1912: ''Les Derniers Masques'' (Schnitzler, translated by Rémon and Valentin) * 1914: ''La Danse des fous'' (Birinski, adapted by Rémon) ;

Théâtre du Palais-Royal The Théâtre du Palais-Royal () is a 750-seat Parisian theatre at 38 rue de Montpensier, located at the northwest corner of the Palais-Royal in the Galerie de Montpensier at its intersection with the Galerie de Beaujolais. Brief history ...

* 1912: ''La Dernière Heure'' (Frappa) * 1912: ''Grégoire'' (Falk) * 1912: ''Morituri'' (Prozor) ; Théâtre Malakoff, Paris * 1912: '' L'Annonce faite à Marie'' (

) * 1913: ''La Brebis égarée'' (Jammes) * 1914: ''

L'Otage ''L'Otage'' is a three-act theatre play by the French author Paul Claudel, and the first one of ''La Trilogie des Coûfontaine''. Mises-en-scène * 1913: Théâtre Scala, London * 1914: Lugné-Poe, Théâtre de l'Œuvre * 1928: Firmin Gémie ...

'' (

) ;

, Cité Monthiers * 1894: ''Annabella'' (translated by

from ''

'' by

.) * 1895: ''Les Pieds nickelés'' (Bernard) * 1897: ''Le Fardeau de la liberté'' (Bernard) * 1910: ''L'Amour de Kesa'' (Humières) * 1920: ''La Couronne de carton'' (Sarment) * 1920: ''Le Cocu magnifique'' (Crommelynck) * 1921: ''Les Scrupules de Sganarelle'' (Régnier) * 1921: ''Sophie Arnoux'' (Nigoud) * 1921: ''Le Pêcheur d'ombres'' (Sarment) * 1921: ''La Danse de mort'' (

, translated by Rémon) * 1921: ''Comité secret'' (Lourié) * 1921: ''Madonna Fiamma'' (Ségur) * 1922: ''L'Age heureux'' ( Jacques Natanson) * 1922: ''Dardamelle'' (Mazaud) * 1922: ''Le Dilemme du docteur'' (

George Bernard Shaw George Bernard Shaw (26 July 1856 – 2 November 1950), known at his insistence simply as Bernard Shaw, was an Irish playwright, critic, polemicist and political activist. His influence on Western theatre, culture and politics extended from ...

) * 1922: ''La Dette de Schmil'' (Orna) * 1922: ''Le Visage sans voile'' (Allou) * 1922: ''Le Retour d'Ivering'' (Holt) * 1922: ''Le Lasso'' (Batty-Weber) * 1922: ''L'Enfant truqué'' (Natanson) * 1923: ''La Dame allègre'' (Puig and Ferreter, translated by Pierat) * 1923: ''La Messe est dite'' (Achard) * 1923: ''Le Cadi et le cocu'' (Mille and Loria) * 1923: ''Est-ce possible?'' (Birabeau) * 1923: ''Passions de fantoches'' (San Secondo, translated by Mortier) * 1923: ''On finit souvent par où on devrait commencer'' (Turpin) * 1923: ''La Maison avant tout'' (Hamp) * 1923: ''Berniquel'' (

) * 1923: ''L'Autre Messie'' (Soumagne) * 1924: ''Le Feu à l'Opéra'' (Kaiser, translated by Goll) * 1924: ''Irène exigeante'' (Beaunier) * 1924: ''Le Mort à cheval'' (Ghéon) * 1924: ''La Farce des encore'' (Thuysbaert and Ghéon) * 1924: ''L'Amour est un Étrange maître'' (Worms-Barretta) * 1924: ''Philippe le zélé'' (Trintzius and Valentin) * 1924: ''L'Égoïste'' (Orna) * 1924: '' La Profession de Madame Warren'' (

) * 1924: ''La Maison ouverte'' (Passeur) * 1925: ''Le Génie camouglé'' (Fabri) * 1925: ''La Femme de feu'' (Schoenherr, translated by Lindauer) * 1925: ''La Traversée de Paris à la nage'' (Passeur) * 1925: ''Une Demande en mariage'' (

Anton Chekhov Anton Pavlovich Chekhov (; 29 January 1860 Old Style date 17 January. – 15 July 1904 Old Style date 2 July.) was a Russian playwright and short-story writer who is considered to be one of the greatest writers of all time. His career ...

) * 1925: ''Je Rectifie les visages'' (Trintzius and Valentin) * 1925: ''La Fleur sous les yeux'' (Martini, translated by Ponzone) * 1925: ''Tour à terre'' (Salacrou) * 1926: ''Les Danseurs de gigue'' (Soumagne) * 1926: ''Ariel'' (Marx) * 1926: ''Poisson d'avril ou les griffes du destin'' (adapted from Colpartage, translated by Lindauer) * 1926: ''La Jeune Fille de la popote'' (Passeur) * 1926: ''L'Ancre noire'' (Brasseur) * 1926: ''Ville moderne'' (Modave) * 1927: ''L'Avons-nous tuée?'' (Datz) * 1927: ''Le Déraillement du T.P. 33'' (Hamp) * 1927: ''Le Bourgeois romanesque'' (Blanchon) * 1927: ''Un Homme en or'' (Ferdinand) * 1927: ''Les Deux Amis'' (Savoir) * 1927: ''Le Conditionnel passé'' (Bruyez) * 1927: ''Un Homme seul'' (Sauvage) * 1927: ''Une Bourgeoise'' (Francen) * 1927: ''Télescopage'' (Demont) * 1927: ''L'Ile lointaine'' (Ginisty) * 1928: ''Madame Marie'' (Soumagne) * 1928: ''La Halte sur la grand route'' (Jabès) * 1928: ''La Foire aux sentiments'' (Ferdinand) * 1928: ''Hommes du monde'' (Brasseur) * 1928: ''Tu Pourrais ne pas m'aimer'' (Brasseur) * 1928: ''Les Trois Langages'' (Charmel) * 1928: ''Celui qui voulait jouer avec la vie'' (François) * 1928: ''Le Cercle'' (Maugham, adapted by Carbuccia) * 1929: ''Jules, Juliette et Julien'' (Bernard) ;Other Paris Theatres * 1895: ''Carmosine'' (Musset), Ministère du Commerce * 1896: ''Le Grand Galeoto'' (Echegaray), home of Ruth Rattazzi * 1898: ''Mesure pour mesure'' (

William Shakespeare William Shakespeare ( 26 April 1564 – 23 April 1616) was an English playwright, poet and actor. He is widely regarded as the greatest writer in the English language and the world's pre-eminent dramatist. He is often called England's nation ...

), Cirque d'été * 1899: ''Noblesse de la terre'' (Faramond), Théâtre de la Renaissance * 1899: ''Un Ennemi du peuple'' (

, translated by Chennevière and Johansen), Théâtre de la Renaissance * 1900: ''Monsieur Bonnet'' (Faramond), Théâtre du Gymnase * 1911: ''Le Philanthrope ou la Maison des amours'' (Bouvelet), Théâtre Réjane * 1913: ''Le Baladin du monde occidental'' (Synge, translated by Bourgeois), Salle Berlioz

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Lugne-Poe, Aurelien 1869 births 1940 deaths Male actors from Paris French theatre directors Actor-managers French male stage actors French male film actors 20th-century French male actors 19th-century theatre managers 20th-century theatre managers Les Nabis