''Luciobarbus'' is a

genus Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus com ...

ray-finned fish Actinopterygii (; ), members of which are known as ray-finned fishes, is a class of bony fish. They comprise over 50% of living vertebrate species. The ray-finned fishes are so called because their fins are webs of skin supported by bony or hor ...

es in the

family Family (from la, familia) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the family is to maintain the well-being of its ...

Cyprinidae Cyprinidae is a family of freshwater fish commonly called the carp or minnow family. It includes the carps, the true minnows, and relatives like the barbs and barbels. Cyprinidae is the largest and most diverse fish family and the largest verte ...

. Its members are found in fresh and

brackish Brackish water, sometimes termed brack water, is water occurring in a natural environment that has more salinity than freshwater, but not as much as seawater. It may result from mixing seawater (salt water) and fresh water together, as in estuari ...

waters of

southern Europe Southern Europe is the southern regions of Europe, region of Europe. It is also known as Mediterranean Europe, as its geography is essentially marked by the Mediterranean Sea. Definitions of Southern Europe include some or all of these countrie ...

northern Africa North Africa, or Northern Africa is a region encompassing the northern portion of the African continent. There is no singularly accepted scope for the region, and it is sometimes defined as stretching from the Atlantic shores of Mauritania in t ...

, the wider

Near East The ''Near East''; he, המזרח הקרוב; arc, ܕܢܚܐ ܩܪܒ; fa, خاور نزدیک, Xāvar-e nazdik; tr, Yakın Doğu is a geographical term which roughly encompasses a transcontinental region in Western Asia, that was once the hist ...

, the Aral and

Caspian Sea The Caspian Sea is the world's largest inland body of water, often described as the world's largest lake or a full-fledged sea. An endorheic basin, it lies between Europe and Asia; east of the Caucasus, west of the broad steppe of Central Asia ...

s, and rivers associated with these. Several species in the genus are

threatened Threatened species are any species (including animals, plants and fungi) which are vulnerable to endangerment in the near future. Species that are threatened are sometimes characterised by the population dynamics measure of ''critical depensat ...

. Most species are fairly small to medium-sized cyprinids, but the genus also includes several members that can surpass in length and the largest, the mangar (''L. esocinus'') can reach .

Systematics

The

type species In zoological nomenclature, a type species (''species typica'') is the species name with which the name of a genus or subgenus is considered to be permanently taxonomically associated, i.e., the species that contains the biological type specimen ...

is ''Luciobarbus esocinus'', for which the genus was established by Heckel in 1843. The type species

scientific name In taxonomy, binomial nomenclature ("two-term naming system"), also called nomenclature ("two-name naming system") or binary nomenclature, is a formal system of naming species of living things by giving each a name composed of two parts, bot ...

essentially means "

pike Pike, Pikes or The Pike may refer to: Fish * Blue pike or blue walleye, an extinct color morph of the yellow walleye ''Sander vitreus'' * Ctenoluciidae, the "pike characins", some species of which are commonly known as pikes * ''Esox'', genus of ...

-like pike-

barbel Barbel may refer to: *Barbel (anatomy), a whisker-like organ near the mouth found in some fish (notably catfish, loaches and cyprinids) and turtles *Barbel (fish), a common name for certain species of fish **''Barbus barbus'', a species of cyprinid ...

" (after the

northern pike The northern pike (''Esox lucius'') is a species of carnivorous fish of the genus '' Esox'' (the pikes). They are typical of brackish and fresh waters of the Northern Hemisphere (''i.e.'' holarctic in distribution). They are known simply as a ...

, ''Esox lucius''), though a more aliteral translation would be "pike-like wolf-barbel". Like many other

cyprinid Cyprinidae is a family of freshwater fish commonly called the carp or minnow family. It includes the carps, the true minnows, and relatives like the barbs and barbels. Cyprinidae is the largest and most diverse fish family and the largest verte ...

s, the present genus was long included in ''

Barbus ''Barbus'' is a genus of ray-finned fish in the family Cyprinidae. The type species of ''Barbus'' is the common barbel, first described as ''Cyprinus barbus'' and now named ''Barbus barbus''. ''Barbus'' is the namesake genus of the subfamily B ...

''. It appears to be a very close relative of the typical barbels – which include that genus

, ''Barbus barbus'' –, and may well warrant inclusion in ''Barbus''. Many modern authors prefer to consider it a

subgenus In biology, a subgenus (plural: subgenera) is a taxonomic rank directly below genus. In the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, a subgeneric name can be used independently or included in a species name, in parentheses, placed between t ...

instead. It is, moreover, not entirely clear what species to place in ''Luciobarbus'' if it is deemed valid. The

IUCN The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN; officially International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources) is an international organization working in the field of nature conservation and sustainable use of natu ...

argues for a rather inclusive circumscription. Nonwithstanding the

taxonomy Taxonomy is the practice and science of categorization or classification. A taxonomy (or taxonomical classification) is a scheme of classification, especially a hierarchical classification, in which things are organized into groups or types. ...

and

systematics Biological systematics is the study of the diversification of living forms, both past and present, and the relationships among living things through time. Relationships are visualized as evolutionary trees (synonyms: cladograms, phylogenetic tre ...

of this ill-defined assemblage, their closest living relative is probably ''Aulopyge huegelii''.de Graaf ''et al.'' (2007), Almodóvar ''et al.'' (2008), IUCN (2009)

Species

The species in this genus: * ''

Luciobarbus albanicus The Albanian barbel (''Luciobarbus albanicus'') is a ray-finned fish species in the family Cyprinidae. It is often referred to as "Albanian barbel" in a literal translation of its scientific name. Distribution and ecology It occurs from the Mo ...

'' (

Steindachner Franz Steindachner (11 November 1834 in Vienna – 10 December 1919 in Vienna) was an Austrian zoologist, ichthyologist, and herpetologist. He published over 200 papers on fishes and over 50 papers on reptiles and amphibians. Steindachner describ ...

, 1870) (Albanian barbel) * ''

Luciobarbus barbulus ''Luciobarbus barbulus'' is a species of ray-finned fish in the genus ''Luciobarbus ''Luciobarbus'' is a genus of ray-finned fishes in the family Cyprinidae. Its members are found in fresh and brackish waters of southern Europe, northern Afric ...

'' Heckel, 1847 * ''

Luciobarbus biscarensis ''Luciobarbus biscarensis'' is a species of ray-finned fish in the genus ''Luciobarbus''. it is endemic to Algeria ) , image_map = Algeria (centered orthographic projection).svg , map_caption = , image_map2 ...

'' Boulenger, 1911 * ''

Luciobarbus bocagei ''Luciobarbus bocagei'' is a ray-finned fish species in the family Cyprinidae. Its scientific name honours the Portuguese zoologist and politician Jose Vicente Barboza du Bocage. It is here placed in ''Luciobarbus'' following the IUCN, but that g ...

'' (

, 1864) * ''

Luciobarbus brachycephalus The Aral barbel (''Luciobarbus brachycephalus'') is a species of ray-finned fish in the genus ''Luciobarbus''. It is found in the Aral basin, Chu drainage and southern and western Caspian Sea The Caspian Sea is the world's largest inland bod ...

'' (

Kessler Kessler or Keßler (in German) may refer to: * Kessler (automobile), an American automobile made 1921–1922 * Kessler (name), people named Kessler * ''Kessler'' (TV series), a British television series from 1981 * Kessler, Ohio, an unincorporat ...

, 1872) (Aral barbel) * '' Luciobarbus callensis''

Valenciennes Valenciennes (, also , , ; nl, label=also Dutch, Valencijn; pcd, Valincyinnes or ; la, Valentianae) is a commune in the Nord department, Hauts-de-France, France. It lies on the Scheldt () river. Although the city and region experienced a s ...

, 1842 (Algerian barb)) * '' Luciobarbus capito'' ( Güldenstädt, 1773) (Bulatmai barbel) * '' Luciobarbus caspius'' ( L. S. Berg, 1914) (Caspian barbel) * '' Luciobarbus comizo'' (

, 1864) (Iberian barbel) * '' Luciobarbus escherichii'' (

, 1897) (Ankara barbel) * '' Luciobarbus esocinus'' Heckel, 1843 (Mangar) * '' Luciobarbus graecus''

, 1896 * '' Luciobarbus graellsii'' (

, 1866) * '' Luciobarbus guercifensis'' Doadrio, Perea & Yahyahoui, 2016 (Guercif barbel) * ''

Luciobarbus guiraonis ''Luciobarbus guiraonis'' is a ray-finned fish species in the family Cyprinidae. It is here placed in ''Luciobarbus'' following the IUCN, but that genus is very closely related to the other typical barbels and perhaps better considered a mere ...

'' (

, 1866) * '' Luciobarbus kersin'' ( Heckel, 1843) (Kersin barbel) * '' Luciobarbus kosswigi'' ( M. S. Karaman ( sr), 1971) (Kosswig’s barbel) * '' Luciobarbus kottelati''

Turan Turan ( ae, Tūiriiānəm, pal, Tūrān; fa, توران, Turân, , "The Land of Tur") is a historical region in Central Asia. The term is of Iranian origin and may refer to a particular prehistoric human settlement, a historic geographical re ...

, Ekmekçi, İlhan & Engin, 2008 (Menderes barbel) * ''

Luciobarbus leptopogon ''Luciobarbus leptopogon'' is a species of ray-finned fish in the genus ''Luciobarbus'' which is found in Algeria. References

* Luciobarbus Endemic fauna of Algeria Fish described in 1834 {{Cyprininae-stub ...

'' G. H. W. Schimper, 1834 * '' Luciobarbus longiceps''

, 1842 (Jordan barbel) * '' Luciobarbus lydianus'' ( Boulenger, 1896) (Lydian barbel) * '' Luciobarbus maghrebensis'' Doadrio,

Perea Perea or Peraea (Greek: Περαία, " the country beyond") was the portion of the kingdom of Herod the Great occupying the eastern side of the Jordan River valley, from about one third the way down the Jordan River segment connecting the Sea ...

& Yahyaoui, 2015 (Maghreb barbel) Casal-Lopez, M., Perea, S., Yahyaoui, A. & Doadrio, I. (2015): Taxonomic review of the genus ''Luciobarbus'' Heckel, 1843 (Actinopterygii, Cyprinidae) from Northwestern Morocco with the description of three new species. ''Graellsia, 71 (2): e027.'' * '' Luciobarbus magniatlantis'' ( Pellegrin, 1919) * ''

Luciobarbus microcephalus ''Luciobarbus microcephalus'' is a ray-finned fish species in the family Cyprinidae. It is here placed in ''Luciobarbus'' following the IUCN, but that genus is very closely related to the other typical barbels and perhaps better considered a me ...

'' ( Almaça ( pt), 1967) * ''

Luciobarbus mursa ''Luciobarbus mursa'' is a species of ray-finned fish in the genus ''Luciobarbus'' from freshwater habitats in Central Asia and Iran Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran, and also called Persia, is a country located in ...

'' ( Güldenstädt, 1773) (Mursa) * '' Luciobarbus mystaceus'' (

Pallas Pallas may refer to: Astronomy * 2 Pallas asteroid ** Pallas family, a group of asteroids that includes 2 Pallas * Pallas (crater), a crater on Earth's moon Mythology * Pallas (Giant), a son of Uranus and Gaia, killed and flayed by Athena * Pa ...

, 1814) (Euphrates barbel) * '' Luciobarbus nasus'' Günther, 1874) * '' Luciobarbus pallaryi'' Pellegrin, 1919 * '' Luciobarbus pectoralis'' ( Heckel, 1843) (Heckel’s Orontes barbel) * ''

Luciobarbus rabatensis The Rabat barbel (''Luciobarbus rabatensis'') is a species of cyprinid fish endemic to Bou Regreg River basin in northern Morocco Morocco (),, ) officially the Kingdom of Morocco, is the westernmost country in the Maghreb region of Nor ...

'' Doadrio,

& Yahyaoui, 2015 (Rabat barbel) * '' Luciobarbus rifensis'' Doadrio, Casal-Lopez & Yahyaoui, 2015 (Rifian barbel) * '' Luciobarbus sclateri'' ( Günther, 1868) (Andalusian barbel) * '' Luciobarbus setivimensis''

, 1842 * '' Luciobarbus steindachneri'' ( Almaça ( pt), 1967) * '' Luciobarbus subquincunciatus'' ( Günther, 1868) (Mesopotamian barbel) * '' Luciobarbus xanthopterus'' Heckel, 1843 (Yellowfin barbel) * '' Luciobarbus yahyaouii'' Doadrio, Casal-Lopez & Perea, 2016 (Yahyaoui barbel) * '' Luciobarbus zayanensis'' Doadrio, Casal-Lopez & Perea, 2016 (Zayan barbel)

Footnotes

References

* (2008): Natural hybridization of ''Barbus bocagei'' x ''Barbus comizo'' (Cyprinidae) in Tagus River basin, central Spain nglish with French abstract ''Cybium'' 32(2): 99-102
PDF fulltext
* (2007): Evolutionary origin of Lake Tana's (Ethiopia) small ''Barbus'' species: indications of rapid ecological divergence and speciation. '' Anim. Biol.'' 57(1): 39-48. (HTML abstract) * (2009):
2009 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
'. Version 2009.1. Retrieved 2009-SEP-20. {{Taxonbar, from=Q93912 Cyprinidae genera