![Borders of the Historical Habsburgian Lands in the Republic of Slovenia](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8c/Borders_of_the_Historical_Habsburgian_Lands_in_the_Republic_of_Slovenia.png)
Styria ( sl, Štajerska), also Slovenian Styria (''Slovenska Štajerska'') or Lower Styria (''Spodnja Štajerska''; german: Untersteiermark), is a traditional region in northeastern
Slovenia
Slovenia ( ; sl, Slovenija ), officially the Republic of Slovenia (Slovene: , abbr.: ''RS''), is a country in Central Europe. It is bordered by Italy to the west, Austria to the north, Hungary to the northeast, Croatia to the southeast, an ...
, comprising the southern third of the former
Duchy of Styria. The population of Styria in its historical boundaries amounts to around 705,000 inhabitants, or 34.5% of the population of Slovenia. The largest city is
Maribor
Maribor ( , , , ; also known by other #Name, historical names) is the second-largest city in Slovenia and the largest city of the traditional region of Styria (Slovenia), Lower Styria. It is also the seat of the City Municipality of Maribor, th ...
.
Use of the term
In the 19th century the Styrian duchy, which existed as a distinct political-administrative entity from 1180 to 1918, used to be divided into three traditional regions:
Upper Styria
Upper Styria (german: Obersteiermark), in the Austrian usage of the term, refers exclusively to the northwestern, generally mountainous and well-wooded half of the federal state of Styria. The southwestern half of the state around the capital of ...
(''Obersteiermark''; ''Zgornja Štajerska''), Central Styria (''Mittelsteiermark''; ''Srednja Štajerska''), and Lower Styria, stretching from the
Mur River and the
Slovene Hills
The Slovene Hills or the Slovenian Hills ( sl, Slovenske gorice, german: Windische Bühel or ) is the largest hilly region of Slovenia, a smaller part is located in the Austrian province of Styria. It is situated in the northeast of the country an ...
in the north down to the
Sava
The Sava (; , ; sr-cyr, Сава, hu, Száva) is a river in Central and Southeast Europe, a right-bank and the longest tributary of the Danube. It flows through Slovenia, Croatia and along its border with Bosnia and Herzegovina, and finally th ...
. Upper Styria and Central Styria, predominantly German-speaking, today form the
Austria
Austria, , bar, Östareich officially the Republic of Austria, is a country in the southern part of Central Europe, lying in the Eastern Alps. It is a federation of nine states, one of which is the capital, Vienna, the most populous ...
n state of
Styria
Styria (german: Steiermark ; Serbo-Croatian and sl, ; hu, Stájerország) is a state (''Bundesland'') in the southeast of Austria. With an area of , Styria is the second largest state of Austria, after Lower Austria. Styria is bordered to ...
(''Steiermark''). The southern third, predominantly Slovene-speaking Lower Styria, became part of the
Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes
Kingdom commonly refers to:
* A monarchy ruled by a king or queen
* Kingdom (biology), a category in biological taxonomy
Kingdom may also refer to:
Arts and media Television
* ''Kingdom'' (British TV series), a 2007 British television drama s ...
(Yugoslavia) after
World War I
World War I (28 July 1914 11 November 1918), often abbreviated as WWI, was one of the deadliest global conflicts in history. Belligerents included much of Europe, the Russian Empire, the United States, and the Ottoman Empire, with fightin ...
. After
World War II
World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposin ...
, it became part of the predecessor of modern
Slovenia
Slovenia ( ; sl, Slovenija ), officially the Republic of Slovenia (Slovene: , abbr.: ''RS''), is a country in Central Europe. It is bordered by Italy to the west, Austria to the north, Hungary to the northeast, Croatia to the southeast, an ...
, the
Socialist Republic of Slovenia.
Although used interchangeably at times, the term "Southern Styria" (''Südsteiermark'') refers to the southern districts of the Austrian state of Styria, whereas the term "Lower Styria" (''Spodnja Štajerska'') refers to the region of Styria in northeastern Slovenia.
The Slovene name ''Štajerska'' is borrowed and adapted from the German name for the region, ''Steiermark''.
History
In the
Middle Ages
In the history of Europe, the Middle Ages or medieval period lasted approximately from the late 5th to the late 15th centuries, similar to the post-classical period of global history. It began with the fall of the Western Roman Empire a ...
, the Lower Styrian lands were ruled by several
immediate (''reichsfrei'') dynasties like the
Counts of Celje
The Counts of Celje ( sl, Celjski grofje) or the Counts of Cilli (german: Grafen von Cilli; hu, cillei grófok) were the most influential late medieval noble dynasty on the territory of present-day Slovenia. Risen as vassals of the Habsburg dukes ...
, whose large possessions were not incorporated by the
Habsburg
The House of Habsburg (), alternatively spelled Hapsburg in Englishgerman: Haus Habsburg, ; es, Casa de Habsburgo; hu, Habsburg család, it, Casa di Asburgo, nl, Huis van Habsburg, pl, dom Habsburgów, pt, Casa de Habsburgo, la, Domus Hab ...
dukes until the 15th century.
According to the last
Austro-Hungarian census of 1910, Lower Styria had around 498,000 inhabitants, of which around 82% were Slovene and around 18% German speakers.
In 1918, after the disintegration of the Austro-Hungarian monarchy following
World War I
World War I (28 July 1914 11 November 1918), often abbreviated as WWI, was one of the deadliest global conflicts in history. Belligerents included much of Europe, the Russian Empire, the United States, and the Ottoman Empire, with fightin ...
, the Duchy of Styria was divided between the newly established states of
German Austria
The Republic of German-Austria (german: Republik Deutschösterreich or ) was an unrecognised state that was created following World War I as an initial rump state for areas with a predominantly German-speaking and ethnic German population ...
and the Yugoslav
State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs
The State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs ( sh, Država Slovenaca, Hrvata i Srba / ; sl, Država Slovencev, Hrvatov in Srbov) was a political entity that was constituted in October 1918, at the end of World War I, by Slovenes, Croats and Serbs ( ...
. In early November 1918,
Rudolf Maister
Rudolf Maister ( pen name: Vojanov; 29 March 1874 – 26 July 1934) was a Slovene military officer, poet and political activist. The soldiers who fought under Maister's command in northern Slovenia became known as "Maister's fighters" ( s ...
, a Slovene major of the former
Austro-Hungarian Army
The Austro-Hungarian Army (, literally "Ground Forces of the Austro-Hungarians"; , literally "Imperial and Royal Army") was the ground force of the Austro-Hungarian Dual Monarchy from 1867 to 1918. It was composed of three parts: the joint arm ...
, with about 4,000 local volunteers occupied Lower Styria and the town of Maribor and claimed it for Yugoslavia. After a short fight with German-Austrian paramilitary units, the current border was established, acknowledged by the provisional Styrian assembly at
Graz
Graz (; sl, Gradec) is the capital city of the Austrian state of Styria and second-largest city in Austria after Vienna. As of 1 January 2021, it had a population of 331,562 (294,236 of whom had principal-residence status). In 2018, the popul ...
. By December 1918, all of Lower Styria was ''de facto'' included in the
Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes
The Kingdom of Yugoslavia ( sh-Latn-Cyrl, separator=" / ", Kraljevina Jugoslavija, Краљевина Југославија; sl, Kraljevina Jugoslavija) was a state in Southeast and Central Europe that existed from 1918 until 1941. From 1918 ...
. A protest by German-speaking
Marburg
Marburg ( or ) is a university town in the German federal state (''Bundesland'') of Hesse, capital of the Marburg-Biedenkopf district (''Landkreis''). The town area spreads along the valley of the river Lahn and has a population of approximate ...
citizens resulted in the
Marburg Bloody Sunday
Marburg's Bloody Sunday (German: , sl, Mariborska krvava nedelja) was a massacre that took place on Monday, 27 January 1919 in the city of Maribor (German: ) in Slovenia. Soldiers from the army of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (''la ...
, when 13 people were killed and about 60 wounded.
Confirmed by the 1919
Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye, the border between Yugoslav and Austrian Styria mostly followed the ethnic-linguistic dividing line between
Slovenes
The Slovenes, also known as Slovenians ( sl, Slovenci ), are a South Slavic ethnic group native to Slovenia, and adjacent regions in Italy, Austria and Hungary. Slovenes share a common ancestry, culture, history and speak Slovene as their n ...
and
ethnic Germans. Nevertheless, several Slovene-speaking villages around
Leutschach
Leutschach ( Slovene: ''Lučane'') is a former municipality in the district of Leibnitz in Austrian state of Styria. Since the 2015 Styria municipal structural reform
The Styria municipal structural reform (German: ''Steiermärkische Gemeindes ...
,
Spielfeld
Spielfeld ( Slovene: ''Špilje'') is a former municipality in the district of Leibnitz in Austrian state of Styria. Since the 2015 Styria municipal structural reform, it is part of the municipality Straß in Steiermark. It was an Austria-Sloveni ...
,
Soboth
Soboth ( Slovene: ''Sobota'') was a municipality in Austria which merged in January 2015 into Eibiswald in the Deutschlandsberg District in the Austrian state of Styria.
The Soboth Pass
The Soboth Pass (elevation 1347 m) is a high mountain pa ...
, and
Bad Radkersburg remained in Austria. On the other hand, several predominantly German-speaking towns remained in Yugoslavia, especially Maribor (80% German speakers),
Ptuj
Ptuj (; german: Pettau, ; la, Poetovium/Poetovio) is a town in northeastern Slovenia that is the seat of the Municipality of Ptuj. Ptuj, the oldest recorded city in Slovenia, has been inhabited since the late Stone Age and developed from a Roman ...
(86%), and
Celje (67%); in addition, the German-speaking area around the village of
Apače
Apače (; german: Abstall) is a town in Slovenia and it is located on the border between Slovenia and Austria. It is the seat of the Municipality of Apače, which is the northernmost municipality in the traditional region of Slovenian Styria. It ...
was annexed to Yugoslavia. According to the 1921 Yugoslav census, some 22,500 ethnic Germans lived in Yugoslav Styria. They represented around 4.5% of the overall population of the region, and around 57% of all ethnic Germans in Slovenia. In 1931, this number dropped to around 12,500 or 2.3% of the regional population, and around 45% of all ethnic Germans in Slovenia.
In 1922, the County of Maribor was formed, comprising most of the territory of Slovene Styria, plus the
Prekmurje
Prekmurje (; dialectically: ''Prèkmürsko'' or ''Prèkmüre''; hu, Muravidék) is a geographically, linguistically, culturally and ethnically defined region of Slovenia, settled by Slovenes and a Hungarian minority, lying between the Mur R ...
and the
Međimurje regions. After the ''
coup d'etat'' of
King Alexander I of Yugoslavia
Alexander I ( sr-Cyrl, Александар I Карађорђевић, Aleksandar I Karađorđević, ) ( – 9 October 1934), also known as Alexander the Unifier, was the prince regent of the Kingdom of Serbia from 1914 and later the King of Yug ...
in January 1929, the counties were abolished and replaced with nine
Banates (Slovene: ''Banovina''). Following the reorganization implemented by the Yugoslav constitution of 1931, Slovene Styria was incorporated in the newly established
Drava Banovina, which was more or less identical with Slovenia, with
Ljubljana
Ljubljana (also known by other historical names) is the capital and largest city of Slovenia. It is the country's cultural, educational, economic, political and administrative center.
During antiquity, a Roman city called Emona stood in the ar ...
as its capital city.
In April 1941,
Nazi Germany
Nazi Germany (lit. "National Socialist State"), ' (lit. "Nazi State") for short; also ' (lit. "National Socialist Germany") (officially known as the German Reich from 1933 until 1943, and the Greater German Reich from 1943 to 1945) was ...
invaded Yugoslavia and Slovene Styria was annexed to the
Third Reich
Nazi Germany (lit. "National Socialist State"), ' (lit. "Nazi State") for short; also ' (lit. "National Socialist Germany") (officially known as the German Reich from 1933 until 1943, and the Greater German Reich from 1943 to 1945) was ...
. A policy of violent Germanization was introduced. Public use of Slovene was prohibited, and all Slovene associations were dissolved. Members of all professional and intellectual groups, including many clergymen, were expelled. Between April 1941 and May 1942, around 80,000 Slovenes (almost 15% of the overall population) were expelled from Lower Styria, or resettled to other parts of the Reich. As a reaction, a
resistance movement
A resistance movement is an organized effort by some portion of the civil population of a country to withstand the legally established government or an occupying power and to disrupt civil order and stability. It may seek to achieve its objective ...
developed. Many areas of Lower Styria witnessed fierce fighting between German troops and Slovene partisan units.
After World War II,
Yugoslav authority over the region was established and Slovene Styria became an integral part of the
Socialist Republic of Slovenia. According to prior decisions made by the
, an expulsion of the remaining ethnic German population was carried out, regardless of their links to the Nazi regime.
Between the 1950s and 1970s, many areas of the region underwent rapid industrialization. Towns like Maribor, Celje, and Velenje became among the most important industrial centers of Slovenia and Yugoslavia.
Statistical division
Lower Styria has no official status as an administrative or statistical unit within Slovenia, although it is widely considered a traditional region. The bulk of Lower Styria is subdivided between the
Drava Statistical Region ( sl, Podravska statistična regija) with its seat in
Maribor
Maribor ( , , , ; also known by other #Name, historical names) is the second-largest city in Slovenia and the largest city of the traditional region of Styria (Slovenia), Lower Styria. It is also the seat of the City Municipality of Maribor, th ...
, and the
Savinja Statistical Region
The Savinja Statistical Region ( sl, Savinjska statistična regija) is a statistical region in Slovenia. The largest town in the region is Celje. It is named after the Savinja River. The region is very diverse in natural geography; it mainly c ...
() with its seat in
Celje. Smaller areas of Lower Styria are included in:
*The
Mura Statistical Region
The Mura Statistical Region ( sl, Pomurska statistična regija) is a statistical region in northeast Slovenia. It is predominantly agricultural with field crops representing over three-quarters of the total agricultural area (twice as much as the ...
(): the subregion called
Prlekija
Prlekija is a region in northeastern Slovenia between the Drava and Mura rivers. It comprises the eastern part of the Slovene Hills ( sl, Slovenske gorice), stretching from the border with Austria to the border with Croatia. It is part of the tra ...
, with the municipalities of
Apače
Apače (; german: Abstall) is a town in Slovenia and it is located on the border between Slovenia and Austria. It is the seat of the Municipality of Apače, which is the northernmost municipality in the traditional region of Slovenian Styria. It ...
,
Gornja Radgona
Gornja Radgona (; german: Oberradkersburg, hu, Felsőregede) is a town in Slovenia. It is the seat of the Municipality of Gornja Radgona. Once it was a defensive stronghold for today's regional centre and its twin city, Bad Radkersburg, on the ...
,
Križevci
Križevci (; la, Crisium; hu, Kőrös ; german: Kreutz ) is a city in central Croatia with a total population of 21,122 and with 11,231 in the city itself (2011), the oldest city in its county, the Koprivnica-Križevci County.
History
The f ...
,
Ljutomer,
Radenci
Radenci (; german: Bad Radein) is a town on the right bank of the Mura River in the Mura Statistical Region of northeastern Slovenia. It is a well-known spa town and was first mentioned in written documents dating back to 1436. After 1833, when a ...
,
Razkrižje,
Sveti Jurij ob Ščavnici, and
Veržej;
*The
Carinthia Statistical Region
The Carinthia Statistical Region ( sl, Koroška statistična regija) is a statistical region in northern Slovenia along the border with Austria.
The region is difficult to access and is poorly connected with the central part of Slovenia. The env ...
(): the municipalities of
Mislinja,
Muta,
Podvelka,
Radlje ob Dravi
Radlje ob Dravi (, in older sources ''Marbeg'', german: Mahrenberg) is a town in the Municipality of Radlje ob Dravi in northeastern Slovenia. It is the seat of the municipality. The settlement lies on a terrace on the left bank of the Drava Rive ...
,
Ribnica na Pohorju
Ribnica na Pohorju () is a settlement in northern Slovenia. It is the seat of the Municipality of Ribnica na Pohorju. It lies in the Pohorje Hills west of Maribor. The area is part of the traditional region of Styria. It is now included in the Ca ...
,
Slovenj Gradec, and
Vuzenica
Vuzenica (, german: Saldenhofen) is a town and a municipality in northern Slovenia. It lies on the right bank of the Drava River and extends south into the Pohorje Hills. The municipality is included in the Carinthia Statistical Region, which i ...
;
*The
Lower Sava Statistical Region
The Lower Sava Statistical Region ( sl, Posavska statistična regija; until December 31, 2014 ) is a statistical region in Slovenia. It has good traffic accessibility and is located in the Sava and Krka Valleys, with hilly areas with vineyards and ...
(): the
Municipality of Bistrica ob Sotli
The Municipality of Bistrica ob Sotli (; sl, Občina Bistrica ob Sotli) is a municipality in eastern Slovenia. It has been an independent municipality since 1999; before, it was part of the Municipality of Podčetrtek. The seat of the municipali ...
, and the territory on the left bank of the
Sava River
The Sava (; , ; sr-cyr, Сава, hu, Száva) is a river in Central and Southeast Europe, a right-bank and the longest tributary of the Danube. It flows through Slovenia, Croatia and along its border with Bosnia and Herzegovina, and finally t ...
in the municipalities of
Brežice
Brežice (; german: Rann ) is a town in eastern Slovenia in the Lower Sava Valley, near the Croatian border. It is the seat of the Municipality of Brežice. It lies in the center of the Brežice Plain ( sl, Brežiško polje), which is part of the ...
,
Krško
Krško (; german: Gurkfeld) is a town in eastern Slovenia. It is the seat of the City municipality of Krško. The town lies on the Sava River and on the northwest edge of the Krško Plain ( sl, Krško polje), which is part of the larger Krka Flat ...
,
Sevnica
Sevnica (; german: Lichtenwald''Leksikon občin kraljestev in dežel zastopanih v državnem zboru,'' vol. 4: ''Štajersko''. 1904. Vienna: C. Kr. Dvorna in Državna Tiskarna, p. 20.) is a town on the left bank of the Sava River in central Sloveni ...
, and
Radeče
Radeče (; german: Ratschach''Leksikon občin kraljestev in dežel zastopanih v državnem zboru,'' vol. 6: ''Kranjsko''. 1906. Vienna: C. Kr. Dvorna in Državna Tiskarna, pp. 88–89.) is a small town in the Lower Sava Valley in eastern Slovenia. ...
;
*The
Central Sava Statistical Region (): the territory on the left bank of the Sava River in the municipalities of
Hrastnik
Hrastnik (, German: ''Hrastnigg'') is a town in the Central Sava Valley in central Slovenia. It is the seat of the Municipality of Hrastnik. The area is part of the traditional region of Styria. The entire municipality is now included in the Cent ...
and
Trbovlje
Trbovlje (; german: Trifail''Leksikon občin kraljestev in dežel zastopanih v državnem zboru,'' vol. 4: ''Štajersko''. 1904. Vienna: C. Kr. Dvorna in Državna Tiskarna, p. 58.) is Slovenia's tenth-largest town, and the seat of the Municipality ...
.
Nowadays, many of these peripheral areas are no longer considered part of Styria. An exception is the
Prlekija
Prlekija is a region in northeastern Slovenia between the Drava and Mura rivers. It comprises the eastern part of the Slovene Hills ( sl, Slovenske gorice), stretching from the border with Austria to the border with Croatia. It is part of the tra ...
subregion, which is still widely considered part of Styria.
Division into various statistical regions
In 2005, Slovenia was divided into 12 statistical regions. Most of the Styria area is now divided into the Drava region (''Podravska regija'') and Savinja region (''Savinjska regija''). An area along the Mura region with
Ljutomer as its center, known historically as Prlekija, has been incorporated in the Mura region (''Pomurje'' or ''Pomurska regija''), and a number of Lower Styrian municipalities including the town of
Slovenj Gradec have been attached to
Carinthia
Carinthia (german: Kärnten ; sl, Koroška ) is the southernmost States of Austria, Austrian state, in the Eastern Alps, and is noted for its mountains and lakes. The main language is German language, German. Its regional dialects belong to t ...
, thereby doubling its area. The name ''Štajerska'' disappeared from official use in 1922, when the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes was administratively divided into
oblasts
An oblast (; ; Cyrillic (in most languages, including Russian and Ukrainian): , Bulgarian: ) is a type of administrative division of Belarus, Bulgaria, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, and Ukraine, as well as the Soviet Union and the Kingdom o ...
. Nevertheless, the name is still very much alive in both colloquial and media language, and it is part of established cultural and geographical terminology. It also continues to be employed in the promotion of tourism.
Cities and towns
The cultural and economic centre of Lower Styria has always been the city of
Maribor
Maribor ( , , , ; also known by other #Name, historical names) is the second-largest city in Slovenia and the largest city of the traditional region of Styria (Slovenia), Lower Styria. It is also the seat of the City Municipality of Maribor, th ...
. Other major towns are
Celje,
Velenje
Velenje (; german: Wöllan''Leksikon občin kraljestev in dežel zastopanih v državnem zboru,'' vol. 4: ''Štajersko''. 1904. Vienna: C. Kr. Dvorna in Državna Tiskarna, p. 272.) is Slovenia's sixth-largest city, and the seat of the Municipality ...
,
Ptuj
Ptuj (; german: Pettau, ; la, Poetovium/Poetovio) is a town in northeastern Slovenia that is the seat of the Municipality of Ptuj. Ptuj, the oldest recorded city in Slovenia, has been inhabited since the late Stone Age and developed from a Roman ...
,
Brežice
Brežice (; german: Rann ) is a town in eastern Slovenia in the Lower Sava Valley, near the Croatian border. It is the seat of the Municipality of Brežice. It lies in the center of the Brežice Plain ( sl, Brežiško polje), which is part of the ...
, and
Slovenj Gradec. The latter two are no longer considered to be a part of Styria proper: Slovenj Gradec has been attached to Carinthia, forming that enlarged region's new cultural and economic centre,
[Sloveniaholidays Site]
Regions with their centres
/ref> whereas Brežice is one of the major centers of the Posavje
The Lower Sava Valley ( sl, Posavje, also ''Spodnje Posavje'' and ''Posavska regija''Ferenc, Tone. 1995. "Posavje". ''Enciklopedija Slovenije'' vol 9. Ljubljana: Mladinska knjiga, pp. 155–156.) is a region in southeastern Slovenia on the border ...
region which developed after World War II on both banks of the Sava
The Sava (; , ; sr-cyr, Сава, hu, Száva) is a river in Central and Southeast Europe, a right-bank and the longest tributary of the Danube. It flows through Slovenia, Croatia and along its border with Bosnia and Herzegovina, and finally th ...
river.
Image:Maribor 09.JPG, Maribor
Maribor ( , , , ; also known by other #Name, historical names) is the second-largest city in Slovenia and the largest city of the traditional region of Styria (Slovenia), Lower Styria. It is also the seat of the City Municipality of Maribor, th ...
Image:Ptuj.jpg, Ptuj
Ptuj (; german: Pettau, ; la, Poetovium/Poetovio) is a town in northeastern Slovenia that is the seat of the Municipality of Ptuj. Ptuj, the oldest recorded city in Slovenia, has been inhabited since the late Stone Age and developed from a Roman ...
Image:View of Celje (28189851435).jpg, Celje
Image:Panorama Velenja 2010.jpg, Velenje
Velenje (; german: Wöllan''Leksikon občin kraljestev in dežel zastopanih v državnem zboru,'' vol. 4: ''Štajersko''. 1904. Vienna: C. Kr. Dvorna in Državna Tiskarna, p. 272.) is Slovenia's sixth-largest city, and the seat of the Municipality ...
Tourism
Styria is known for its white wine
White wine is a wine that is Fermentation in winemaking, fermented without skin contact. The wine color, colour can be straw-yellow, yellow-green, or yellow-gold. It is produced by the alcoholic fermentation of the non-coloured Juice vesicles, ...
, especially Ljutomer Riesling
Ljutomer (; german: Luttenberg) is a town in northeastern Slovenia, east of Maribor. It is the seat of the Municipality of Ljutomer. Traditionally it was part of the region of Lower Styria, Styria. It is now included in the Mura Statistical Regio ...
, for the Pohorje ski resort, for cultural festivals and for pumpkin seed oil
Pumpkin seed oil is a culinary oil, used especially in central Europe.
Culinary uses
This oil is a culinary specialty from what used to be part of the Austria-Hungary, Austro-Hungarian Empire and is now southeastern Austria (Styria), eastern S ...
. It is also known as a hop-growing area producing Styrian Goldings, a variety of the English aroma hop Fuggles.
Image:Sv Duh-Podolševa.jpg, Savinja Alps
The Savinja () is a river in northeast Slovenia which flows mostly in the Upper and Lower Savinja Valley ( sl, Zgornja in Spodnja Savinjska dolina) and through the cities of Celje and Laško. The Savinja is the main river of the Savinja Alps ( ...
from Podolševa
Image:LogarskaDolina.JPG, Logar Valley
Image:Ribnisko jezero.jpg, Lake Ribnica on the Pohorje hills
Image:Kurenti v Ptuju.JPG, ''Kurentovanje
Kurentovanje is Slovenia's most popular and ethnologically significant carnival event first organised in 1960 by Drago Hasl. This 11-day rite of spring and fertility highlight event is celebrated on Shrove Sunday in Ptuj, the oldest documented ci ...
'' festival in Ptuj
Ptuj (; german: Pettau, ; la, Poetovium/Poetovio) is a town in northeastern Slovenia that is the seat of the Municipality of Ptuj. Ptuj, the oldest recorded city in Slovenia, has been inhabited since the late Stone Age and developed from a Roman ...
Image:Žiče Charterhouse 2015 159.JPG, Žiče Charterhouse
Image:Rogaška Slatina 2020.jpg, Rogaška Slatina Spa
Image:Celjski grad s Pečovnika.jpg, Celje Castle
Image:Maribor Zametovka vine and daughter.png, The oldest grape vine in the world in Maribor
Maribor ( , , , ; also known by other #Name, historical names) is the second-largest city in Slovenia and the largest city of the traditional region of Styria (Slovenia), Lower Styria. It is also the seat of the City Municipality of Maribor, th ...
Prominent people
* Anton Aškerc, poet
* Jože Brilej
Jože Brilej (nom de guerre "Bolko," 1 January 1910 – 8 May 1981) was a diplomat, politician, ambassador, colonel, Partisan, war hero, revolutionary, lawyer, judge, and close associate of Josip Broz Tito.
Career
Brilej was born in P ...
, politician, diplomat and ambassador of Yugoslavia
Yugoslavia (; sh-Latn-Cyrl, separator=" / ", Jugoslavija, Југославија ; sl, Jugoslavija ; mk, Југославија ;; rup, Iugoslavia; hu, Jugoszlávia; rue, label=Pannonian Rusyn, Югославия, translit=Juhoslavija ...
, politician, President of the United Nations Security Council
The presidency of the United Nations Security Council is responsible for leading the United Nations Security Council. It rotates among the 15 member-states of the council monthly. The head of the country's delegation is known as the President of t ...
, chief justice of the supreme court of Slovenia, World War II partisan war hero, editor of Ljudska pravica
* Marta Brilej
Marta may refer to:
People
* Marta (given name), a feminine given name
* Märta, a feminine given name
* Marta (surname)
:István Márta composer
* Marta (footballer) (born 1986), Brazilian professional footballer
Places
* Marta (river), an ...
, diplomat, partisan war hero, head of PR for tourism Yugoslavia, patron of the arts
* Aleš Čeh
Aleš Čeh (born 7 April 1968) is a former Slovenian footballer who played as a midfielder. He represented Slovenia at Euro 2000 and the 2002 FIFA World Cup.
Club career
Čeh played for the youth team of Slovan, and later also for their city ...
, football (soccer) player
* Jolanda Čeplak
Jolanda Batagelj (previously known as Jolanda Čeplak until 2002, born Jolanda Steblovnik on September 12, 1976) is a Slovenian middle distance athlete. She was born in Celje and lived in Velenje until briefly moving to Monaco. She ...
, athlete
* Peter Dajnko
Peter Dajnko (23 April 1787 – 22 February 1873) was a Slovene priest, author, and linguist, known primarily as the inventor of the Dajnko alphabet ( sl, dajnčica), an innovative proposal for the Slovene alphabet. Dajnko was also a proficie ...
, philologist and poet
* Karel Destovnik Kajuh
Karel Destovnik, pen name and nom de guerre Kajuh (Slovene convention: ''Karel Destovnik – Kajuh'', 13 December 1922 – 22 February 1944) was a Slovenian poet, translator, resistance fighter, and Yugoslav people's hero.
Life and work
Ka ...
, poet
* Mladen Dolar
Mladen Dolar (born 29 January 1951) is a Slovene philosopher, psychoanalyst, cultural theorist and film critic.
Dolar was born in Maribor as the son of the literary critic Jaro Dolar. In 1978 he graduated in Philosophy and French language at ...
, philosopher
* Vekoslav Grmič, theologian
* Drago Jančar
Drago Jančar (born 13 April 1948) is a Slovenian writer, playwright and essayist. Jančar is one of the most well-known contemporary Slovene writers. In Slovenia, he is also famous for his political commentaries and civic engagement. Jančar's n ...
, writer
* Edvard Kocbek
Edvard Kocbek () (27 September 1904 – 3 November 1981) was a Slovenian poet, writer, essayist, translator, member of Christian Socialists in the Liberation Front of the Slovene Nation and Slovene Partisans. He is considered one of the best au ...
, writer, poet, and politician
* Anton Korošec
Anton Korošec (, ; 12 May 1872 – 14 December 1940) was a Yugoslav politician, a prominent member of the conservative People's Party, a Roman Catholic priest and a noted orator.
Early life
Korošec was born in Biserjane (then Duchy of Styr ...
, politician, Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia
The Kingdom of Yugoslavia ( sh-Latn-Cyrl, separator=" / ", Kraljevina Jugoslavija, Краљевина Југославија; sl, Kraljevina Jugoslavija) was a state in Southeast Europe, Southeast and Central Europe that existed from 1918 unt ...
* Janez Menart
Janez Menart () (29 September 1929 – 22 January 2004) was a Slovene poet, best known for his Intimist poetry. He translated a number of classic French and English poetry and drama works into Slovene, including Shakespeare' ...
, poet
* Franz Miklosich
Franz Miklosich (german: Franz Ritter von Miklosich, also known in Slovene as ; 20 November 1813 – 7 March 1891) was a Slovene philologist.
Early life
Miklosich was born in the small village of Radomerščak near the Lower Styrian town of Lju ...
, linguist
* Matija Murko
Matija Murko, also known as Mathias Murko (10 February 1861 – 11 February 1952), was a Slovenian scholar, known mostly for his work on oral epic traditions in Serbian, Bosnian and Croatian.
Life
Murko was born in the small village of Drs ...
, linguist and ethnographer
* Johann Puch
Johann Puch ( sl, Janez Puh, 27 June 1862 – 19 July 1914) was a Slovene inventor and mechanic who went on to become the founder of the Austrian Puch automobile plants, then one of the most significant vehicle producers in Europe.
Biography
Joh ...
, inventor, bicycle industry
* Žarko Petan
image:Žarko Petan (2007).jpg, Žarko Petan
Žarko Petan (27 March 1929 – 2 May 2014) was a Slovenian writer, essayist, screenwriter, and theatre and film director. He is best known as a writer of aphorisms.
Petan was born into a relatively wea ...
, film and theatre director
* Zoran Predin
Zoran Predin (born 16 June 1958) is a Slovenian singer-songwriter from Maribor. In the 1980s, he was the front man of the new wave rock band ''Lačni Franz''. He also writes music for film, television, and theatre.
In the late 1990s and early 20 ...
, singer-songwriter
* Jože Pučnik
Jože Pučnik (9 March 1932 – 11 January 2003) was a Slovenian public intellectual, sociologist and politician. During the communist regime of Josip Broz Tito, Pučnik was one of the most outspoken Slovenian critics of dictatorship and lack ...
, dissident, politician and sociologist
* Benka Pulko, author and Guinness World Record setting motorcycle traveler
* Miha Remec
Miha Remec IPA mˈiha ɹeːmet͡s] (born August 10, 1928 in Ptuj, Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (now Slovenia), died 2020) was a Slovenes, Slovene author known for his science fiction works. He was a two-time winner of the SFERA Award.
...
, author
* Anton Martin Slomšek
Blessed Anton Martin Slomšek (26 November 1800 – 24 September 1862) was a Slovene Roman Catholic prelate who served as the Bishop of Lavant from 1846 until his death. He served also as an author and poet as well as a staunch advocate of the n ...
, Roman Catholic
Roman or Romans most often refers to:
*Rome, the capital city of Italy
*Ancient Rome, Roman civilization from 8th century BC to 5th century AD
*Roman people, the people of ancient Rome
*'' Epistle to the Romans'', shortened to ''Romans'', a lette ...
bishop
* Jože Snoj
Jože Snoj (17 March 1934 – 7 October 2021) was a Slovenian poet, novelist, journalist and essayist. He was awarded the 2012 Prešeren Award for his lifetime work and rich literary opus.
He was born in Maribor, then part of the Kingdom of ...
, poet
* Wilhelm von Tegetthoff
Wilhelm von Tegetthoff (23 December 18277 April 1871) was an Austrian admiral. He commanded the fleet of the North Sea during the Second Schleswig War of 1864, and the Austro-Prussian War of 1866. He is often considered by some Austrian historia ...
, Austrian admiral
* Danilo Türk
Danilo Türk (; born 19 February 1952) is a Slovenian diplomat, professor of international law, human rights expert, and political figure who served as President of Slovenia from 2007 to 2012. He was the first Slovene ambassador to the United Na ...
, President of Slovenia
The president of Slovenia, officially the president of the Republic of Slovenia ( sl, Predsednik Republike Slovenije), is the head of state of the Republic of Slovenia. The position was established on 23 December 1991 when the National Assembly p ...
* Beno Udrih
Beno Udrih (born July 5, 1982) is a Slovenian former professional basketball player who serves as a player development coach for the New Orleans Pelicans. He previously played in the NBA for the San Antonio Spurs, Sacramento Kings, Milwaukee Buck ...
, basketball player
* Josip Vošnjak
Josip Vošnjak (4 January 1834 – 21 October 1911) was a Slovene politician and author, leader of the Slovene National Movement in the Duchy of Styria, one of the most prominent representatives of the Young Slovene movement.
He was born in a ...
, political activist
* Stanko Vraz
Stanko Vraz (born Jakob Frass; 30 June 1810 – 20 May 1851) was a Slovenian- Croatian poet. He Slavicized his name to ''Stanko Vraz'' in 1836.
Biography
Born in the village of Cerovec in Lower Styria, Austrian Empire (today in Slovenia), Vraz ...
, poet
* Windisch-Graetz
The House of Windisch-Graetz, also spelled Windisch-Grätz, is an Austrian-Slovenian aristocratic family, descending from Windischgraz in Lower Styria (present-day Slovenj Gradec, Slovenia). The noble dynasty serving the House of Habsburg achieved ...
, princely family
* Hugo Wolf
Hugo Philipp Jacob Wolf (13 March 1860 – 22 February 1903) was an Austrian composer of Slovene origin, particularly noted for his art songs, or Lieder. He brought to this form a concentrated expressive intensity which was unique in late Ro ...
, composer
* Zlatko Zahovič
Zlatko Zahovič (; born 1 February 1971) is a Slovenian former professional footballer who played as an attacking midfielder.
After making a name for himself in Europe in Portugal, most notably with Porto and Benfica where he amassed Primeira ...
, football player
* Milan Zver, politician and political scientist
See also
* History of Slovenia
The history of Slovenia chronicles the period of the Slovenian territory from the 5th century BC to the present. In the Early Bronze Age, Proto- Illyrian tribes settled an area stretching from present-day Albania to the city of Trieste. The Slov ...
* History of Styria
The history of Styria concerns the region roughly corresponding to the modern Austrian state of Styria and the Slovenia, Slovene Štajerska, region of Styria (''Štajerska'') from its settlement by Germans and Slavs in the Dark Ages (historiogr ...
* Roman Catholic Diocese of Lavant
The Diocese of Lavant(tal) ( la, Lavantina) was a suffragan bishopric of the Archdiocese of Salzburg, established 1228 in the Lavant Valley of Carinthia.
In 1859 the episcopal see was re-assigned to Maribor (''Marburg an der Drau'') in prese ...
* Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Maribor
The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Maribor ( la, Archidioecesis Mariborensis, sl, Nadškofija Maribor) is an archdiocese located in the city of Maribor in Slovenia.
History
* 1859 : Maribor (then Marburg) became the see of the Diocese of Lavant
...
* Roman Catholic Diocese of Celje
The Roman Catholic Diocese of Celje ( la, Dioecesis Celeiensis; sl, Škofija Celje) is a diocese located in the city of Celje in the Ecclesiastical province of Maribor in Slovenia.
History
* April 7, 2006: Established as Diocese of Celje from ...
* University of Maribor
The University of Maribor ( sl, Univerza v Mariboru) is Slovenia's second-largest university, established in 1975 in Maribor, Slovenia. It currently has 17 faculties.
History
The university's roots reach back to 1859, when a theological semin ...
* I. High School in Celje
The Celje First Grammar School ( sl, I. gimnazija v Celju) is a coeducational nondenominational state secondary general education school for students aged between 15 and 19 in Celje, Slovenia. It was the first high school built in the region, es ...
* Savinja
The Savinja () is a river in northeast Slovenia which flows mostly in the Upper and Lower Savinja Valley ( sl, Zgornja in Spodnja Savinjska dolina) and through the cities of Celje and Laško. The Savinja is the main river of the Savinja Alps (Sl ...
* Rinka Falls
Rinka Falls (; sl, slap Rinka) is a waterfall in the Logar Valley, in the Municipality of Solčava in northern Slovenia. It is the source of the Savinja River. It has been proclaimed a natural heritage feature. Rinka Falls is one of the most be ...
* Counts of Celje
The Counts of Celje ( sl, Celjski grofje) or the Counts of Cilli (german: Grafen von Cilli; hu, cillei grófok) were the most influential late medieval noble dynasty on the territory of present-day Slovenia. Risen as vassals of the Habsburg dukes ...
References
External links
{{Authority control
Historical regions in Slovenia
History of Styria