Longidoridae (longidorid nematodes) is a family of
polyphagous
Feeding is the process by which organisms, typically animals, obtain food. Terminology often uses either the suffixes -vore, -vory, or -vorous from Latin ''vorare'', meaning "to devour", or -phage, -phagy, or -phagous from Greek φαγε ...
root
ectoparasites
Parasitism is a close relationship between species, where one organism, the parasite, lives on or inside another organism, the host, causing it some harm, and is adapted structurally to this way of life. The entomologist E. O. Wilson has ...
in the phylum
Nematoda
The nematodes ( or grc-gre, Νηματώδη; la, Nematoda) or roundworms constitute the phylum Nematoda (also called Nemathelminthes), with plant-parasitic nematodes also known as eelworms. They are a diverse animal phylum inhabiting a broa ...
(nematodes) with a worldwide distribution.
Taxonomy
There are about 720 species divided amongst seven genera in the family, which is further subdivided into
subfamilies and
tribes
The term tribe is used in many different contexts to refer to a category of human social group. The predominant worldwide usage of the term in English is in the discipline of anthropology. This definition is contested, in part due to conflic ...
.
Subdivision
Subfamilies;
*
Longidorinae (480 spp.)
*
Xiphineminae (240 spp.)
Tribes;
*Subfamily
Longidorinae
**
Longidorini
**
Xiphidorini
*Subfamily
Xiphineminae
Genera
*Subfamily
Longidorinae
**Tribe
Longidorini
***''
Longidorus'' (144 spp.)
***''
Longidoroides'' (13 spp.)
***''
Paralongidorus'' (72 spp.)
**Tribe
Xiphidorini
***''
Australodorus'' (1 sp.)
***''
Paraxiphidorus'' (3 spp.)
***''
Xiphidorus'' (8 spp.)
*Subfamily
Xiphineminae
***''
Xiphinema
''Xiphinema'' is a genus of ectoparasitic root nematodes commonly known as dagger nematodes.Whitehead, A.G. 1998. Plant Nematode Control The genus is of economic importance on grape, strawberry, hops and a few other crops. Major species include ' ...
'' (some 240 spp.)
Pathology
With the
Trichodoridae, the Longidoridae form the two
Enoplea
Enoplea (enopleans) is a class, which with the classes SecernenteaTree of Life Web Project (ToL) (2002)Nematoda Version of January 1, 2002. Retrieved November 2, 2008. and Chromadorea make up the phylum Nematoda in current taxonomy. The Enople ...
nematode families known to be plant parasites, though from different subclasses, and the only
virus
A virus is a submicroscopic infectious agent that replicates only inside the living cells of an organism. Viruses infect all life forms, from animals and plants to microorganisms, including bacteria and archaea.
Since Dmitri Ivanovsky's 1 ...
vectors (particularly
nepoviruses
''Nepovirus'' is a genus of viruses in the order ''Picornavirales'', in the family ''Secoviridae'', in the subfamily ''Comovirinae''. Plants serve as natural hosts. There are 40 species in this genus. Nepoviruses, unlike the other two genera (' ...
) in phylum Nematoda.
[
]
References
Bibliography
*
*
*
Nematode families
{{Enoplea-stub