Long Hollow (historically known as Long Hollow Run) is a tributary of Catawissa Creek in Columbia County, Pennsylvania, in the United States. It is approximately long and flows through Roaring Creek Township and Beaver Township. The watershed of the stream has an area of . The stream has a neutral pH and is considered to be a coldwater fishery. The main rock formations in the stream's watershed are the Mauch Chunk Formation, the Spechty Kopf Formation, the Pocono Formation, and the Buddys Run Member of the Catskill Formation.

Course

Long Hollow begins on

Catawissa Mountain Catawissa Mountain is a mountain in Columbia County, Pennsylvania, in the United States. Its peak height is above sea level, making it the fifth-highest mountain in Columbia County. Streams that flow near the mountain include Roaring Creek, Cataw ...

in Roaring Creek Township. It flows east for a few tenths of a mile. The stream then enters Beaver Township. It continues east and after a sort distance, the stream receives an unnamed tributary. It then continues roughly east for considerably more than a mile in a deep valley. At the end of the valley, the stream reaches its confluence with Catawissa Creek. Long Hollow joins Catawissa Creek upstream of its mouth.

Tributaries

Long Hollow has one unnamed tributary. It is known as "Trib 27555 to Long Hollow".

Hydrology

The pH of Long Hollow downstream of "Trib 27555 to Long Hollow" is between 7.0 and 7.5 and the concentration of alkalinity is four milligrams per liter. The pH upstream of this point is unknown. The stream is infertile and acidic, with the potential to be affected by

acid precipitation Acid rain is rain or any other form of precipitation that is unusually acidic, meaning that it has elevated levels of hydrogen ions (low pH). Most water, including drinking water, has a neutral pH that exists between 6.5 and 8.5, but aci ...

. The total level of

water hardness Hard water is water that has high mineral content (in contrast with "soft water"). Hard water is formed when water percolates through deposits of limestone, chalk or gypsum, which are largely made up of calcium and magnesium carbonates, bicarbo ...

of the stream in milligrams per liter is 4. The specific conductance of the waters of Long Hollow is 22 umhos. At noon on June 26, 1997, the air temperature in the vicinity of Long Hollow was . The water temperature of the stream at that time was .

Geography and geology

The elevation near the mouth of Long Hollow is above sea level. The elevation of the stream's source is between and . The lower reaches of Long Hollow are on rock of the Mauch Chunk Formation and the upper reaches are on rock of the Pocono Formation. The stream's unnamed tributary is on rock of the Spechty Kopf Formation and the Buddys Run Member of the Catskill Formation. The main soils in the watershed are the Leck Kill soil and the Hazleton soil. The headwaters of Long Hollow are on Catawissa Mountain. Long Hollow is a small stream with a width of . It has a high gradient of per kilometer (0.62 miles).

Watershed and history

The watershed of Long Hollow has an area of . The majority of the watershed is in Beaver Township, but a substantial portion is also in Roaring Creek Township. Nearly all of the watershed is forested. However, there are some areas of

agricultural Agriculture or farming is the practice of cultivating Plant, plants and livestock. Agriculture was the key development in the rise of Sedentism, sedentary human civilization, whereby farming of Domestication, domesticated species created food ...

land in its lower reaches. The headwaters, upper reaches, and middle reaches of the stream are in the

Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 58 Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 58 are Pennsylvania State Game Lands in Columbia County, Pennsylvania, in the United States. They are one of six State Game Lands in Columbia County and Montour County and are the second-largest of those State ...

. The watershed is in the Shumans United States Geological Survey quadrangle. Eight percent of the length of Long Hollow is within of a road. 14 percent is within of a road and 20 percent is within of one. In 1990, the population density of the watershed was eight people per square kilometer. The watershed of Long Hollow is described as "unspoiled" in a 1997 report. In the early 1900s, the Philadelphia and Reading Railway requested permission to build a concrete arch

culvert A culvert is a structure that channels water past an obstacle or to a subterranean waterway. Typically embedded so as to be surrounded by soil, a culvert may be made from a pipe, reinforced concrete or other material. In the United Kingdom ...

across Long Hollow. A bridge was also once built across the stream. It was long and high. A bridge over Long Hollow was swept away during the

1904 Susquehanna River Floods Nineteen or 19 may refer to: * 19 (number), the natural number following 18 and preceding 20 * one of the years 19 BC, AD 19, 1919, 2019 Films * ''19'' (film), a 2001 Japanese film * ''Nineteen'' (film), a 1987 science fiction film Music ...

Biology

Long Hollow is considered by the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection to be a coldwater fishery. However, a 1997 report suggested upgrading the stream's designation to high-quality coldwater fishery. It is also a Class B wild trout fishery. Two species of fish inhabit Long Hollow:

brook trout The brook trout (''Salvelinus fontinalis'') is a species of freshwater fish in the char genus ''Salvelinus'' of the salmon family Salmonidae. It is native to Eastern North America in the United States and Canada, but has been introduced elsewhere ...

and

brown trout The brown trout (''Salmo trutta'') is a European species of salmonid fish that has been widely introduced into suitable environments globally. It includes purely freshwater populations, referred to as the riverine ecotype, ''Salmo trutta'' morph ...

. Only one brown trout has been observed in the stream. The

biomass Biomass is plant-based material used as a fuel for heat or electricity production. It can be in the form of wood, wood residues, energy crops, agricultural residues, and waste from industry, farms, and households. Some people use the terms bi ...

of wild brook trout in the stream is per hectare. The length of these trout range between and in length. Trout reproduce naturally in the stream between its headwaters and its mouth. Long Hollow is considered to be a poor site for angling.

References

{{authority control Rivers of Columbia County, Pennsylvania Tributaries of Catawissa Creek Rivers of Pennsylvania